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  • 1. Insights on Canadian Society
    Journals and periodicals: 75-006-X
    Geography: Canada
    Description: This publication brings together and analyzes a wide range of data sources in order to provide information on various aspects of Canadian society, including labour, income, education, social, and demographic issues, that affect the lives of Canadians.
    Release date: 2026-07-08
  • 2. Analytical Studies Branch Research Paper Series
    Journals and periodicals: 11F0019M
    Geography: Canada
    Description: The Analytical Studies Branch Research Paper Series provides for the circulation of research conducted by Analytical Studies and Modelling Branch staff and collaborators. The Series is intended to stimulate discussion on a variety of topics, such as labour, immigration, education and skills, income mobility, well-being, aging, firm dynamics, productivity, economic transitions, and economic geography. Readers of the Series are encouraged to contact the authors with their comments and suggestions. All the papers in the Analytical Studies Branch Research Paper Series go through institutional and peer review to ensure that they conform to Statistics Canada's mandate as a governmental statistical agency and adhere to generally accepted standards of good professional practice.
    Release date: 2026-03-30
  • 3. Longitudinal and International Study of Adults Research Paper Series
    Journals and periodicals: 89-648-X
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    The documents in this collection are based on data from the Longitudinal and International Study of Adults, a survey that examines a variety of topics on the well-being of Canadians and measures the effect of changes in certain areas on people's lives. The survey covers several topics, such as jobs, health, adult education and training, income and earnings, as well as the family dynamic. Reports on the survey content, concepts, methodology and data quality are also available.

    Release date: 2022-11-14
  • 4. The Impact of Annual Wages on Interprovincial Mobility, Interprovincial Employment, and Job Vacancies Archived
    Articles and reports: 11F0019M2016376
    Geography: Canada, Province or territory
    Description: The degree to which workers move across geographic areas in response to emerging employment opportunities or negative labour demand shocks is a key element in the adjustment process of an economy, and its ability to reach a desired allocation of resources.

    This study estimates the causal impact of real after-tax annual wages and salaries on the propensity of young men to migrate to Alberta or to accept jobs in that province while maintaining residence in their home province. To do so, it exploits the cross-provincial variation in earnings growth plausibly induced by increases in world oil prices that occurred during the 2000s.

    Release date: 2016-04-11
  • 5. Net Worth of the Household Sector, 1970 to 2012: A Canada–United States Comparison Archived
    Articles and reports: 11F0027M2014094
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This report compares household net worth per capita in Canada and the United States from 1970 to 2012, using data from the Canadian National Balance Sheet Accounts and the Flow of Funds Accounts published by the U.S. Federal Reserve.

    Three approaches are adopted. The first makes a level comparison using values adjusted for purchasing power parity (PPP). The second uses ratios of real net worth per capita and net worth relative to disposable income. The third decomposes the growth of the ratio of net worth to disposable income. Together, these approaches provide mutually re-enforcing results that are more robust than what could be derived from any one approach in isolation.

    Release date: 2014-08-20
  • 6. Trends in out-of-pocket health care expenditures in Canada, by household income, 1997 to 2009 Archived
    Articles and reports: 82-003-X201400411924
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    Using data from the annual Survey of Household Spending, this study investigates trends in out-of-pocket expenditures on health care products and services from 1997 to 2009 by household income quintile.

    Release date: 2014-04-16
  • 7. Life Satisfaction and Income in Canadian Urban Neighbourhoods Archived
    Articles and reports: 11F0019M2014357
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    An emerging area of subjective well-being (SWB) research is centered on the differences in the levels of SWB both across countries and among geographic regions within a country. The consideration of geographic differences would extend our knowledge about the determinants of SWB from "internal" factors of personality traits and individuals' socio-demographic characteristics to "external factors" embedded in individuals' environments. An issue with important theoretical and policy implications is whether the income of others in the same geographic area is associated with individuals' SWB. The association could be positive if people benefit from the improved resources, amenities, and social capital in high-income areas. The association could also be negative if people tend to emulate the lifestyles of their more affluent neighbours. Related empirical studies so far have not come to a consensus on this question.

    The present study attempts to contribute to this issue in two significant ways. First, this study examines whether the effect of the average income in a geographic area (locality income) on SWB is sensitive to the scale of geographic units. With a very large sample of survey respondents nested within three hierarchical levels of geographic areas, this study provides reliable estimates of the association of SWB with average incomes in immediate neighbourhoods (defined as "census dissemination areas"), local communities ("census tracts"), and municipalities ("census subdivisions"). Second, this study examines how the choice of control variables influences the estimated effect of locality income. By considering the effects of individual demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, self-evaluated general health, and area-level attributes in a sequential manner, it is possible to discuss the likely mechanisms through which locality income is related to individuals' SWB.

    Release date: 2014-02-20
  • 8. The Increase in Food Prices Between 2007 and 2012 Archived
    Articles and reports: 11-626-X2013027
    Geography: Canada
    Description: This article in the Economic Insights series looks at the increase in food prices that has taken place worldwide since 2007. It answers the following questions: How have food prices evolved in Canada and in the rest of the world since 2007? How do the recent trends in Canada compare to previous episodes of rising food prices?
    Release date: 2013-06-27
  • 9. Saving and Wealth: The Adequacy of Household Saving in Canada Archived
    Articles and reports: 11-622-M2013029
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    Population aging and the recent global financial crisis underscore the importance of the discussions of the adequacy of retirement preparation in Canada and the soundness of the Canadian retirement income system. The focus of this study is to examine whether the accumulated private savings of Canadian households is adequate for their retirement, given their expected entitlement to public and private pension when they retire.

    Release date: 2013-06-14
  • 10. Trends in Homeownership by Age and Household Income: Factors Associated with the Decision to Own, 1981 to 2006 Archived
    Articles and reports: 11F0027M2013083
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This paper examines why rates of homeownership have been increasing amongst young higher-income households, but declining among young lower-income households. For the period from 1981 to 2006, household data from the Census of Population, supplemented with information from the Survey of Financial Security, are employed to model the decision to own across the income distribution. The model assesses whether housing market conditions (e.g., the cost of renting versus owning), the financial condition of households (e.g., whether the household has sufficient wealth to make a standard down payment), and demographic factors (e.g., changing family composition) account for these diverging trends in housing demand.

    Release date: 2013-01-29
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  • 1. Life Cycle Bias in the Estimation of Intergenerational Earnings Persistence Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11F0019M2003207
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    The estimation of intergenerational earnings mobility is rife with measurement problems since the research does not observe permanent, lifetime earnings. Nearly all studies make corrections for mean variation in earnings because of the age differences among respondents. Recent works employ average earnings or instrumental variable methods to address the effects of measurement error as a result of transitory earnings shocks and mis-reporting. However, empirical studies of intergenerational mobility have paid no attention to the changes in earnings variance across the life cycle suggested by economic models of human capital investment.

    Using information from the Intergenerational Income Data from Canada and the National Longitudinal Survey and Panel Study of Income Dynamics from the United States, this study finds a strong association between age at observation and estimated earnings persistence. Part of this age-dependence is related to a general increase in transitory earnings variance during the collection of data. An independent effect of life cycle investment is also identified. These findings are then applied to the variation among intergenerational earnings persistence studies. Among studies with similar methodologies, one-third of the variance in published estimates of earnings persistence is attributable to cross-study differences in the age of responding fathers. Finally, these results call into question tests for the importance of credit constraints based on measures of earnings at different points in the life cycle.

    Release date: 2003-08-05

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