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Description: The Technical Guide on Demographic Estimates at Statistics Canada provides detailed descriptions of the most current data sources and methods used by the Centre for demography at Statistics Canada to produce demographic estimates as part of the Demographic estimates program. They comprise postcensal and intercensal population estimates; base population; births and deaths; immigrants; emigrants; returning emigrants; non-permanent residents; interprovincial migration; subprovincial estimates of population and intraprovincial migration; population estimates by age and gender; and census family estimates. A glossary of commonly used terms is available at the end of the guide.

Description: Calls for comprehensive data collection on the health workforce and long-term care sector have been voiced by policy makers, researchers, and public health experts following the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic and ongoing health care worker shortages. This paper introduces a novel linked data resource that fills these critical data gaps and establishes a foundation for evidence-informed policy making and workforce planning to strengthen the nursing and residential care system in Canada.

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: This study examines the association between income and employment characteristics and the likelihood of first birth among women aged 22 to 39 who were employed and living with a married or common law partner from 2017 to 2023.

Description: Following the development of the not in employment, education or training, excluding short transitions (NEETEST) indicator, this study examines the socioeconomic determinants of NEETEST, as well as its long-term educational and labour market implications. Youth aged 20 to 29 years are classified as NEETEST or not in 2017 and are followed for five years thereafter (until 2022) to track their postsecondary enrolment, employment, self-employment and total earnings.

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: This portrait focuses on the analysis of the sociodemographic and socioeconomic outcomes of Latin American populations in Canada. It uses data from the Census of Population (2001 to 2021), the 2011 National Household Survey, and the 2020 General Social Survey – Social Identity. An intersectional approach is applied to explore the relationships between multiple diversity factors, with the aim of providing a comprehensive overview of the diverse characteristics of Latin American populations living in Canada.

Description: This technical reference guide is intended for users of the Education and Labour Market Longitudinal Platform (ELMLP). The data for the products associated with this issue are derived from integrating Postsecondary Student Information System (PSIS) administrative data with other administrative data on earnings and data from the Census of Population long-form. Statistics Canada has derived a series of annual indicators on the labour market outcomes of public postsecondary graduates including median employment income by educational qualification, field of study, Indigenous identity, racialized group, age group and gender for Canada, the provinces and the territories combined. This document has been updated to reflect the 2026 methodology used to produce labour market outcome indicators.

Description: Characteristics and median employment income of Canadian postsecondary graduates two years after graduation, by Indigenous identity, educational qualification (Classification of programs and credentials - professional degree variant) and field of study (Classification of Instructional Programs [CIP] Canada 2021 – Primary groupings).

Description: Characteristics and median employment income of Canadian postsecondary graduates two years after graduation, by Indigenous identity, educational qualification (Classification of programs and credentials - professional degree variant) and field of study (Classification of Instructional Programs [CIP] Canada 2021 – STEM and BHASE groupings).

Description:

This file provides data on family composition in Canada.

The 1976 Census Public Use Microdata Files (PUMFs) contain samples of anonymous responses to the 1976 Census questionnaire. The files have been carefully scrutinized to ensure the complete confidentiality of the individual responses. Three files are available: the Individuals File, the Families File, and the Households and Housing File.

Microdata files are unique among census products in that they give users access to non-aggregated data. The user can group and manipulate these variables to suit data and research requirements. Tabulations excluded from other census products can be created or relationships between variables can be analysed using different statistical tests. These files provide quick access to a comprehensive social and economic database about Canada and its people.

Most of the census subject matter is included in the microdata files. For the anonymity of respondents, geographic identifiers have been restricted to provinces, territories and large metropolitan areas.

Description:

This file provides data on the characteristics of the population.

The 1971 Census Public Use Microdata Files (PUMFs) contain samples of anonymous responses to the 1971 Census questionnaire. The files have been carefully scrutinized to ensure the complete confidentiality of the individual responses. Three files are available: the Individuals File, the Families File, and the Households and Housing File.

Microdata files are unique among census products in that they give users access to non-aggregated data. The PUMFs user can group and manipulate these variables to suit data and research requirements. Tabulations excluded from other census products can be created or relationships between variables can be analysed using different statistical tests. PUMFs provide quick access to a comprehensive social and economic database about Canada and its people.

Most of the subject matter covered by the census is included in the microdata files. To ensure the respondents' anonymity, geographic identifiers have been restricted to provinces/territories and large metropolitan areas.

Description:

This file provides data on family composition in Canada.

The 1971 Census Public Use Microdata Files (PUMFs) contain samples of anonymous responses to the 1971 Census questionnaire. The files have been carefully scrutinized to ensure the complete confidentiality of the individual responses. Three files are available: the Individuals File, the Families File, and the Households and Housing File.

Microdata files are unique among census products in that they give users access to non-aggregated data. The user can group and manipulate these variables to suit data and research requirements. Tabulations excluded from other census products can be created or relationships between variables can be analysed using different statistical tests. These files provide quick access to a comprehensive social and economic database about Canada and its people.

Most of the census subject matter is included in the microdata files. For the anonymity of respondents, geographic identifiers have been restricted to provinces, territories and large metropolitan areas.

Description:

This file provides data on households and housing.

The 1971 Census Public Use Microdata Files (PUMFs) contain samples of anonymous responses to the 1971 Census questionnaire. The files have been carefully scrutinized to ensure the complete confidentiality of the individual responses. Three files are available: the Individuals File, the Families File, and the Households and Housing File.

Microdata files are unique among census products in that they give users access to non-aggregated data. The user can group and manipulate these variables to suit data and research requirements. Tabulations excluded from other census products can be created or relationships between variables can be analysed using different statistical tests. These files provide quick access to a comprehensive social and economic database about Canada and its people.

Most of the census subject matter is included in the microdata files. For the anonymity of respondents, geographic identifiers have been restricted to provinces, territories and large metropolitan areas.

Description:

This file provides data on the characteristics of the population.

The 1976 Census Public Use Microdata Files (PUMFs) contain samples of anonymous responses to the 1976 Census questionnaire. The files have been carefully scrutinized to ensure the complete confidentiality of the individual responses. Three files are available: the Individuals File, the Families File, and the Households and Housing File.

Microdata files are unique among census products in that they give users access to non-aggregated data. The PUMFs user can group and manipulate these variables to suit data and research requirements. Tabulations excluded from other census products can be created or relationships between variables can be analysed using different statistical tests. PUMFs provide quick access to a comprehensive social and economic database about Canada and its people.

Most of the subject matter covered by the census is included in the microdata files. To ensure the respondents' anonymity, geographic identifiers have been restricted to provinces/territories and large metropolitan areas.

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Infographic illustrating information on the non-official languages spoken by the largest number of people in Canada.

Description: This infographic illustrates information on the immigration status of the speakers of the non-official languages spoken by the largest number of people in Canada.

Description: Using data collected for the first time in 50 years from the 2021 Census of Population on current and past military service in the Canadian Armed Forces, this study examines key sociodemographic characteristics of the families of currently serving members and Veterans. It also takes a closer look at less studied military families, such as Veteran families, one-parent families, same-gender couple families and dual-serving couple families.

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: This infographic provides a portrait of military families in Canada, of both serving members and Veterans.

Description: Understanding how international students use the housing market across different municipalities can inform policy and planning decisions regarding housing supply, urban infrastructure and services to better accommodate the needs of a diverse student population. This study uses the 2021 Census of Population to examine international students' participation in the rented and owned housing sectors, as well as the proportion of students living in shared accommodation within these markets.

Description: As the economic landscape evolves, and with the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic reshaping business environments, it is essential to support evidence-based policymaking and to develop inclusive strategies that foster growth and resilience within the Indigenous business sector. Funded by Indigenous Services Canada, this study is an update to previous research that provides an overview of Indigenous-owned businesses in Canada.

Description: This paper examines households with multiple maintainers. A household maintainer is a person who contributes financially to housing costs. First, it examines the overall prevalence of multiple-maintainer households. Then, it examines the differences between maintainers in a household. Lastly, because homeownership rates by age are common household statistics, the robustness of those results is explored through simulations using the age of different household maintainers.

Description: This infographic provides an overview of the diversity and demographic characteristics of the Muslim population in Canada. Using data from the 2001 and 2021 Census of Population data (2001 and 2021), it explores topics such as the distribution of the Muslim population by province and territory and by age group, the main racialized groups, the top countries of birth, and the top languages most often spoken at home by the Muslim population in Canada.

Description: This video explains the key concepts of different levels of aggregation of income data such as household and family income; income concepts derived from key income variables such as adjusted income and equivalence scale; and statistics used for income data such as median and average income, quartiles, quintiles, deciles and percentiles.

Description: This video builds on concepts introduced in the other videos on income. It explains key low-income concepts - Market Basket Measure (MBM), Low income measure (LIM) and Low-income cut-offs (LICO) and the indicators associated with these concepts such as the low-income gap and the low-income ratio. These concepts are used in analysis of the economic well-being of the population.

Description: This video will help you understand the concept of first official language spoken. It explores the usefulness and relevance of the first official language spoken and how it is developed, disseminated and analyzed. You will also learn how the concept of first official language spoken takes into account knowledge of both official languages, mother tongue and language spoken most often at home.

Description: This video will help you understand the question about languages spoken at home and the main concepts and variables that flow from them. You will also learn to understand the differences between the concepts of all languages spoken regularly at home, languages spoken most often at home and other languages spoken regularly at home. It will also help you understand the changes that have been made to the question of languages spoken at home since the last census.

Description: This video is designed to give you a basic understanding of the Labour questions and concepts. It introduces the three subtopics of data that are collected from the 14 questions on labour. It will help you understand the target population of labour data, why labour questions are asked, and the reference periods of labour questions.

Description:

As is the case in advance of each Census, content consultations are being held with data users. The Census Content Consultation Guide gives you the opportunity to provide input.

Description: This reference guide provides information to help users effectively use and interpret income data from the 2021 Census. This guide contains definitions and explanations of concepts, questions, classifications, data quality and comparability with other sources for this topic.

Description: This video will explain the concept of minority official language. It provides information on the new census questions regarding instruction in the minority official language, eligibility for education in minority official language and the usefulness of data on language of instruction for planning purposes.

Description: This reference guide provides information to help users effectively use and interpret education data from the 2021 Census. This guide contains definitions and explanations of concepts, questions, classifications, data quality and comparability with other sources for this topic.

Description: The Census Dictionary is a reference document which contains detailed definitions of Census of Population concepts, variables and geographic terms, as well as historical information.

By referring to the Census Dictionary, both beginner and intermediate data users will gain a better understanding of the data and how to compare variables between census years.

The Census Dictionary will be released iteratively starting with geography and non-data dependent topic definitions, tables, figures and appendices with additional content made available based on subsequent topic releases.