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Description:

This document presents the geographical distribution of federal government expenditures and staff for the fiscal year 2004/2005.

Description:

We discuss methods for the analysis of case-control studies in which the controls are drawn using a complex sample survey. The most straightforward method is the standard survey approach based on weighted versions of population estimating equations. We also look at more efficient methods and compare their robustness to model mis-specification in simple cases. Case-control family studies, where the within-cluster structure is of interest in its own right, are also discussed briefly.

Description:

Calibration weighting can be used to adjust for unit nonresponse and/or coverage errors under appropriate quasi-randomization models. Alternative calibration adjustments that are asymptotically identical in a purely sampling context can diverge when used in this manner. Introducing instrumental variables into calibration weighting makes it possible for nonresponse (say) to be a function of a set of characteristics other than those in the calibration vector. When the calibration adjustment has a nonlinear form, a variant of the jackknife can remove the need for iteration in variance estimation.

Description:

The theory of multiple imputation for missing data requires that imputations be made conditional on the sampling design. However, most standard software packages for performing model-based multiple imputation assume simple random samples, leading many practitioners not to account for complex sample design features, such as stratification and clustering, in their imputations. Theory predicts that analyses of such multiply-imputed data sets can yield biased estimates from the design-based perspective. In this article, we illustrate through simulation that (i) the bias can be severe when the design features are related to the survey variables of interest, and (ii) the bias can be reduced by controlling for the design features in the imputation models. The simulations also illustrate that conditioning on irrelevant design features in the imputation models can yield conservative inferences, provided that the models include other relevant predictors. These results suggest a prescription for imputers: the safest course of action is to include design variables in the specification of imputation models. Using real data, we demonstrate a simple approach for incorporating complex design features that can be used with some of the standard software packages for creating multiple imputations.

Description:

In this article, we propose a Bernoulli-type bootstrap method that can easily handle multi-stage stratified designs where sampling fractions are large, provided simple random sampling without replacement is used at each stage. The method provides a set of replicate weights which yield consistent variance estimates for both smooth and non-smooth estimators. The method's strength is in its simplicity. It can easily be extended to any number of stages without much complication. The main idea is to either keep or replace a sampling unit at each stage with preassigned probabilities, to construct the bootstrap sample. A limited simulation study is presented to evaluate performance and, as an illustration, we apply the method to the 1997 Japanese National Survey of Prices.

Description:

In this paper, the geometric, optimization-based, and Lavallée and Hidiroglou (LH) approaches to stratification are compared. The geometric stratification method is an approximation, whereas the other two approaches, which employ numerical methods to perform stratification, may be seen as optimal stratification methods. The algorithm of the geometric stratification is very simple compared to the two other approaches, but it does not take into account the construction of a take-all stratum, which is usually constructed when a positively skewed population is stratified. In the optimization-based stratification, one may consider any form of optimization function and its constraints. In a comparative numerical study based on five positively skewed artificial populations, the optimization approach was more efficient in each of the cases studied compared to the geometric stratification. In addition, the geometric and optimization approaches are compared with the LH algorithm. In this comparison, the geometric stratification approach was found to be less efficient than the LH algorithm, whereas efficiency of the optimization approach was similar to the efficiency of the LH algorithm. Nevertheless, strata boundaries evaluated via the geometric stratification may be seen as efficient starting points for the optimization approach.

Description:

To select a survey sample, it happens that one does not have a frame containing the desired collection units, but rather another frame of units linked in a certain way to the list of collection units. It can then be considered to select a sample from the available frame in order to produce an estimate for the desired target population by using the links existing between the two. This can be designated by Indirect Sampling.

Estimation for the target population surveyed by Indirect Sampling can constitute a big challenge, in particular if the links between the units of the two are not one-to-one. The problem comes especially from the difficulty to associate a selection probability, or an estimation weight, to the surveyed units of the target population. In order to solve this type of estimation problem, the Generalized Weight Share Method (GWSM) has been developed by Lavallée (1995) and Lavallée (2002). The GWSM provides an estimation weight for every surveyed unit of the target population.

This paper first describes Indirect Sampling, which constitutes the foundations of the GWSM. Second, an overview of the GWSM is given where we formulate the GWSM in a theoretical framework using matrix notation. Third, we present some properties of the GWSM such as unbiasedness and transitivity. Fourth, we consider the special case where the links between the two populations are expressed by indicator variables. Fifth, some special typical linkages are studied to assess their impact on the GWSM. Finally, we consider the problem of optimality. We obtain optimal weights in a weak sense (for specific values of the variable of interest), and conditions for which these weights are also optimal in a strong sense and independent of the variable of interest.

Description:

A survey of tourist visits originating intra and extra-region in Brittany was needed. For concrete material reasons, "border surveys" could no longer be used. The major problem is the lack of a sampling frame that allows for direct contact with tourists. This problem was addressed by applying the indirect sampling method, the weighting for which is obtained using the generalized weight share method developed recently by Lavallée (1995), Lavallée (2002), Deville (1999) and also presented recently in Lavallée and Caron (2001). This article shows how to adapt the method to the survey. A number of extensions are required. One of the extensions, designed to estimate the total of a population from which a Bernouilli sample has been taken, will be developed.

Description:

Félix-Medina and Thompson (2004) proposed a variant of Link-tracing sampling in which it is assumed that a portion of the population, not necessarily the major portion, is covered by a frame of disjoint sites where members of the population can be found with high probabilities. A sample of sites is selected and the people in each of the selected sites are asked to nominate other members of the population. They proposed maximum likelihood estimators of the population sizes which perform acceptably provided that for each site the probability that a member is nominated by that site, called the nomination probability, is not small. In this research we consider Félix-Medina and Thompson's variant and propose three sets of estimators of the population sizes derived under the Bayesian approach. Two of the sets of estimators were obtained using improper prior distributions of the population sizes, and the other using Poisson prior distributions. However, we use the Bayesian approach only to assist us in the construction of estimators, while inferences about the population sizes are made under the frequentist approach. We propose two types of partly design-based variance estimators and confidence intervals. One of them is obtained using a bootstrap and the other using the delta method along with the assumption of asymptotic normality. The results of a simulation study indicate that (i) when the nomination probabilities are not small each of the proposed sets of estimators performs well and very similarly to maximum likelihood estimators; (ii) when the nomination probabilities are small the set of estimators derived using Poisson prior distributions still performs acceptably and does not have the problems of bias that maximum likelihood estimators have, and (iii) the previous results do not depend on the size of the fraction of the population covered by the frame.

Description:

Survey sampling to estimate a Consumer Price Index (CPI) is quite complicated, generally requiring a combination of data from at least two surveys: one giving prices, one giving expenditure weights. Fundamentally different approaches to the sampling process - probability sampling and purposive sampling - have each been strongly advocated and are used by different countries in the collection of price data. By constructing a small "world" of purchases and prices from scanner data on cereal and then simulating various sampling and estimation techniques, we compare the results of two design and estimation approaches: the probability approach of the United States and the purposive approach of the United Kingdom. For the same amount of information collected, but given the use of different estimators, the United Kingdom's methods appear to offer better overall accuracy in targeting a population superlative consumer price index.

Description:

To provide users with a complete picture of the activities associated with the Couriers and Local Messengers industry in Canada.

Description:

This bulletin presents the final set of tables which contain salary information for the year 2004-2005. This information is collected annually under the University and College Academic Staff System and has a reference date of October 1st. Therefore, the data reflect employment in universities as of that date. Each university must authorize Statistics Canada to release their information. However, information for institutions that have less than 100 full-time staff are not included.

Description:

The statistics presented in this bulletin are for the year ending on August 31 and for the period from 2002 to 2005. The following text contains references to previous periods when it is useful to set the industry's performance in a historical context.

Description:

To provide users with a complete picture of the financial and operational activities associated with Small For-hire Motor Carriers of Freight and Owner Operators in Canada.

Description:

Although revenues were higher in 2004 compared to 2003, the Canadian bus and urban transit industries had a difficult year in 2004. Their net income dropped nearly 17% as expenses rose faster than revenues.

Description:

This publication is a statistical summary of the dairy situation in Canada and the provinces, including farm sales of milk for fluid and manufacturing purposes; cash receipts from farm sales; and production and stocks of creamery butter, cheddar cheese and other dairy products and by-products.

Description:

The statistics presented in this Bulletin are for the fiscal year ending August 31 and cover the period from 2002 to 2005. The text includes references to earlier periods when it is useful to put the industry's recent performance in a historical context.

Description:

This report provides trends on public school enrolments, educators and expenditures. It uses figures provided by provincial and territorial departments of education on public elementary and secondary schools.

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This publication presents a series of tabulations produced from the General Social Survey on time use of Canadians. It includes information on average amounts of time spent on various activities by sex, by age, by selected role groups.

Description:

This bulletin contains salary information of full-time teaching staff at Canadian universities for the academic year 2005/2006. Information is provided for institutions that have determined salaries for the period and have responded to the survey by June 2006. This information is collected annually under the University and College Academic Staff Survey and has a reference date of October 1st. Therefore, the data reflect employment in universities as of that date. Each university must authorize Statistics Canada to release their information. However, information for institutions that have less than 100 full-time staff (and who responded to the survey by June 2006) are not included in this bulletin. This information is available by special request to Client Services, Culture, Tourism and the Centre for Education Statistics (see Contact information, below).

Description:

This paper contains regional and provincial findings from the second wave of the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada (LSIC). The LSIC was designed to study how newly arrived immigrants adjust over time to living in Canada.

This paper focuses on the issue of labour market integration for immigrants at the regional and provincial levels. Labour market integration is a critical aspect of the immigrant settlement process. For the major provinces and Census Metropolitan Areas, this paper addresses questions such as: how long does it take newly arrived immigrants to get their first job? How many of them find employment in their intended occupation? And what obstacles do they encounter when looking for work?

Description:

This article profiles the industry, examining its current economic status as well as blueberry cultivation and the fruit's popularity worldwide.

Description:

This study looks at the average age of the four main components of public infrastructure in Canada: roads and highways, sewer systems, wastewater treatment facilities, and bridges. This study covers the 1963 to 2003 period for the three levels of government.

Description:

This article looks at how the growing popularity of Internet reservations is affecting Canada's travel arrangement and travel accommodation industries. While few tour operators perceived their growth was dampened by Internet reservations in 2003, nearly two-thirds of travel agencies felt that Internet reservations were detrimental to their business. As Internet-savvy travelers become more comfortable assembling their own travel packages on-line they are increasingly bypassing travel agencies, especially those with no Internet presence.

The article also suggests that, along with a sharp decline in the number of foreign tourists visiting Canada, the greater prevalence of Internet reservations dampened room prices and operating profits from 2001 to 2003 for traveler accommodations providers, particularly non-affiliated ones.

Description:

Revenue multipliers show most industries outsourced more of their inputs to other industries in recent years, especially business services. But this outsourcing does not capture each industry's impact on GDP. These output multipliers are quite different from revenue multipliers.

Description:

This article looks at how the growing popularity of Internet reservations is affecting Canada's travel arrangement and travel accommodation industries. While few tour operators perceived their growth was dampened by Internet reservations in 2003, nearly two-thirds of travel agencies felt that Internet reservations were detrimental to their business. As Internet-savvy travelers become more comfortable assembling their own travel packages on-line they are increasingly bypassing travel agencies, especially those with no Internet presence.

The article also suggests that, along with a sharp decline in the number of foreign tourists visiting Canada, the greater prevalence of Internet reservations dampened room prices and operating profits from 2001 to 2003 for traveler accommodations providers, particularly non-affiliated ones.

Description:

This Juristat presents for the first time a detailed examination of the offences against the administration of justice such as failure to comply with a court order, breach of probation, and failure to appear. It reports on the increasing occurence of these offences in the criminal justice system from 1994/95 to 2003/04.

Description:

In a setting where training or promotion opportunity depend on expected initial ability, the effects of signalling initial skills on wages may last well beyond the period when knowledge of a workers' skill set is fully known. This paper proposes extending recent tests for signalling to better accommodate training differences by using firm-level characteristics and applying these tests to a large sample of MBA and law graduates from different ranked schools.

Description: This bulletin groups watersheds according to the share of their population that is designated as "census rural" in order to profile the rural versus urban demographic structure of watersheds across Canada.

Description:

The user guide to Death Clearance Feedback Reports is intended for users of the feedback reports. The feedback reports were developed to facilitate the exchange of information and decisions between the Canadian Cancer Registry and the Provincial and Territorial Cancer Registries.

Description:

The Record Linkage Overview describes the process used in annual internal record linkage of the Canadian Cancer Registry. The steps include: preparation; pre-processing; record linkage; post-processing; analysis and resolution; resolution entry; and, resolution processing.

Description:

The Death Clearance Overview document describes the Death Clearance module of the Canadian Cancer Registry, its structure, its function and its role in the operation of the national cancer registry. Inputs and outputs are listed and briefly described, as well as the different steps constituting the Death Clearance process.

Description:

The Guidelines for Abstracting and Determining Death Certificate Only Cases are intended for use by all provincial and territorial cancer registries during their Death Clearance Process. The guidelines should be used when performing a comparison between the Death Certificate Notification and the cancer registry database.

Description:

The Culture Statistics Program (CSP) has been Statistic Canada's chief source for analysis of the culture sector since the program's inception in 1972 and this role will continue. However, the CSP is making substantial changes to the way it collects culture data and, in effect, the data themselves. This article is intended to inform users of these data, of the scope of these upcoming changes and how the CSP is managing the challenges presented by this transition.

Description:

"Neighbourhood insights" is your guide to the statistical information packages available from the Small Area and Administrative Data Division. The guide provides descriptions of the various databanks, the geographic availability and the pricing structure. The guide also contains sample statistical tables showing data for Canada.

Description:

Statistics Canada has developed the 2006 Census Teacher's Kit for use in elementary, intermediate, secondary and adult classes across the country. Students play an important role as future respondents to the census. Some students may help parents complete their household's questionnaire if their language skills in English or French are stronger than those of the parents.

The Teacher's Kit contains eight teacher-ready activities as well as a guide to provide:

- an explanation of why Canada conducts a census and how census results benefit society

- an introduction to census data as an information source for school papers and projects - an alternative approach to studying math, geography, English, French and social sciences

The activities have been prepared with the help of a professional educator and have been classroom tested in English and French for suitable content and grade level. They are appropriate for English, math, theatre arts, art, social sciences, geography, history, family studies and physical education. Suggested grade levels are indicated on each activity and all necessary tables, charts, graphs and data are included. A teacher requires one kit; photocopying is required for student handout sheets.

Description:

This paper provides a concise overview in plain language of the concept of productivity by explaining its relevance and usefulness. This paper is intended for users of the Canadian Productivity Accounts who wish to learn more about productivity concepts, in simple terms.

Description:

Part of Statistics Canada's Econnections: linking the environment and the economy statistical series, this publication describes in detail the conceptual frameworks, data sources and empirical methods used to compile the Canadian System of Environmental and Resource Accounts (CSERA). Designed to be compatible with the accounting frameworks of the System of National Accounts, the CSERA allows users to easily analyze the linkages between economic activity and the environment in terms of material and energy flows, environmental expenditures and natural resource stocks. This publication will be of interest to researchers in both the economic and environmental fields who want to familiarize themselves with the accounting concepts of the CSERA. It is a companion volume to Environment-economy indicators and detailed statistics (catalogue no. 16-200-XKE), another product in the Econnections series.

Statistics Canada has updated its 1997 documentation on environmental accounts, Econnections: Concepts, Sources and Methods of the Canadian System of Environmental and Resource Accounts, with publication of the Methodological Guide: Canadian System of Environmental-Economic Accounting.

Description:

A Preliminary interview of background information is collected for all respondents aged 16 and over, who enter the sample for the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID). For the majority of the longitudinal respondents, this occurs when a new panel is introduced and the preliminary information is collected during the first Labour interview. However, all persons living with a longitudinal respondent are also interviewed for SLID. Thus Preliminary interviews are conducted for new household members during their first Labour interview after they join the household. Longitudinal persons who have turned 16 while their household is in the SLID sample are then eligible for SLID interviews so they are asked the Preliminary interview questions during their first Labour interview.

The purpose of this document is to present the questions, possible responses and question flows for the 2005 Preliminary questionnaire (for the 2004 reference year).