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- 31. Sample design of the 1988 National Farm Survey ArchivedArticles and reports: 12-001-X199000114553Description:
The National Farm Survey is a sample survey which produces annual estimates on a variety of subjects related to agriculture in Canada. The 1988 survey was conducted using a new sample design. This design involved multiple sampling frames and multivariate sampling techniques different from those of the previous design. This article first describes the strategy and methods used to develop the new sample design, then gives details on factors affecting the precision of the estimates. Finally, the performance of the new design is assessed using the 1988 survey results.
Release date: 1990-06-15 - Articles and reports: 12-001-X199000114554Description:
The problem considered is that of estimation of the total of a finite population which is stratified at two levels: a deeper level which has low intrastratum variability but is not known until the first phase of sampling, and a known pre-stratification which is relatively effective, unit by unit, in predicting the deeper post-stratification. As an important example, the post-stratification may define two groups corresponding to responders and non-responders in the situation of two-phase sampling for non-response. The estimators of Vardeman and Meeden (1984) are employed in a variety of situations where different types of prior information are assumed. In a general case, the standard error relative to that of the usual methods is studied via simulation. In the situation where no prior information is available and where proportional sampling is employed, the estimator is unbiased and its variance is approximated. Here, the variance is always lower than that of the usual double sampling for stratification. Also, without prior information, but with non-proportional sampling, using a slight modification of the second phase sampling plan, an unbiased estimator is found along with its variance, an unbiased estimator of its variance, and an optimal allocation scheme for the two phases of sampling. Finally, applications of these methods are discussed.
Release date: 1990-06-15 - Articles and reports: 12-001-X199000114555Description:
This paper proposes an unbiased variance estimation formula for a two-phase sampling design used in many agricultural surveys. In this design, geographically defined primary sampling units (PSUs) are first selected via stratified simple random sampling; then secondary sampling units within sampled PSUs are restratified based on their characteristics and subsampled in a second phase of stratified simple random sampling.
Release date: 1990-06-15 - 34. Some developments of sampling techniques and their use in official Statistics in Sweden ArchivedArticles and reports: 12-001-X199000114556Description:
In this paper we present some important features of the history of sample surveys in Sweden, and we comment on related developments of sampling techniques (methods and theory) in official statistics. The account is organized into three periods as follows: (i) before 1900; (ii) 1900-1950; and (iii) after 1950. The emphasis is on the third period.
Release date: 1990-06-15 - 35. Rolling samples and Censuses ArchivedArticles and reports: 12-001-X199000114557Description:
Rolling censuses combine F nonoverlapping periodic samples of 1/F each, so designed that cumulating the F periods yields a complete census of the whole population area with F / F = 1. Intermediate cumulations of k samples would yield samples of k/F for more timely uses (annual or quinquennial censuses). Area sampling frames would cover the national territory for naturally mobile populations. These methods may often be preferable to other alternative methods for censuses, also discussed. Asymmetrical cumulations are also recommended to counter the problems of small sample cells for area domains (provinces, regions, states) common to most countries and to other population units. Split-panel-designs offer another use for cumulating periodic surveys by combining nonoverlapping portions a - b - c - d - with panels p for partial overlaps, pa - pb - pc - pd -, for multipurpose designs.
Release date: 1990-06-15 - Articles and reports: 12-001-X199000114558Description:
Drawing upon experiences from developments at the U.S. Bureau of the Census, the paper briefly traces some contributions made by practitioners to the theory and application of censuses and surveys. Some guesses about future developments are also given.
Release date: 1990-06-15 - 37. A historical perspective on the institutional bases for survey research in the United States ArchivedArticles and reports: 12-001-X199000114559Description:
The basic theme of this paper is that the development of survey methods in the technical sense can only be well understood in the context of the development of the institutions through which survey-taking is done. Thus we consider here survey methods in the large, in order to better prepare the reader for consideration of more formal methodological developments in sampling theory in the mathematical statistics sense. After a brief introduction, we give a historical overview of the evolution of institutional and contextual factors in Europe and the United States, up through the early part of the twentieth century, concentrating on governmental activities. We then focus on the emergence of institutional bases for survey research in the United States, primarily in the 1930s and 1940s. In a separate section, we take special note of the role of the U.S. Bureau of the Census in the study of non-sampling errors that was initiated in the 1940s and 1950s. Then, we look at three areas of basic change in survey methodology since 1960.
Release date: 1990-06-15 - 38. History and development of the theoretical foundations of survey based estimation and analysis ArchivedArticles and reports: 12-001-X199000114560Description:
Early developments in sampling theory and methods largely concentrated on efficient sampling designs and associated estimation techniques for population totals or means. More recently, the theoretical foundations of survey based estimation have also been critically examined, and formal frameworks for inference on totals or means have emerged. During the past 10 years or so, rapid progress has also been made in the development of methods for the analysis of survey data that take account of the complexity of the sampling design. The scope of this paper is restricted to an overview and appraisal of some of these developments.
Release date: 1990-06-15 - 39. Work and relative poverty ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X1990002107Geography: CanadaDescription:
Many families have low incomes, even if members are active in the work force. Who are the "working poor"? This piece reviews the concepts and measures of low income and examines the labour force participation of families below the low income cut-off.
Release date: 1990-05-29 - 40. Measuring Canada's international competitiveness ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X1990002128Geography: CanadaDescription:
When it comes to competing with the industrial output of other countries, how does Canada rank? This article examines how successful Canadian manufacturers have been in terms of price competitiveness and productivity during the past decade. The impact of high technology is also discussed.
Release date: 1990-05-29
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- 11. Analysis of repeated surveys ArchivedArticles and reports: 12-001-X199000214537Description:
Repeated surveys in which a portion of the units are observed at more than one time point and some units are not observed at some time points are of primary interest. Least squares estimation for such surveys is reviewed. Included in the discussion are estimation procedures in which existing estimates are not revised when new data become available. Also considered are techniques for the estimation of longitudinal parameters, such as gross change tables. Estimation for a repeated survey of land use conducted by the U.S. Soil Conservation Service is described. The effects of measurement error on gross change estimates is illustrated and it is shown that survey designs constructed to enable estimation of the parameters of the measurement error process can be very efficient.
Release date: 1990-12-14 - 12. RRSPs: Tax-assisted retirement savings ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X1990004121Geography: CanadaDescription:
Deposits in Registered Retirement Savings Plans have grown at a phenomenal rate over the past few years. Selected characteristics of contributors and the amounts placed in the plans are profiled. New legislation taking effect in 1991 is discussed.
Release date: 1990-11-27 - Articles and reports: 75-001-X1990004146Geography: CanadaDescription:
From 1965 to 1987, in most of the seven major OECD countries, women increased their labour force participation. This and other changes over the past two decades are covered in this article.
Release date: 1990-11-27 - 14. Recent trends in wages ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19900044Geography: CanadaDescription:
For the first time in recent years, workers have seen their earnings rise more rapidly than consumer prices. The author describes a comparatively new fixed-weight earnings index and explains why it is superior for gauging the cost of labour.
Release date: 1990-11-27 - Articles and reports: 75-001-X199000459Geography: CanadaDescription:
Is present training in the workplace sufficient to meet industry's growing need for skilled workers as we enter the new decade? This article reviews the present state of training in Canada's private and public sectors and looks ahead to some anticipated needs in the '90s.
Release date: 1990-11-27 - 16. Overview of literacy skills in Canada ArchivedStats in brief: 75-001-X199000475Geography: CanadaDescription:
In 1989, the Survey of Literacy Skills Used in Daily Activities was conducted to assess the reading and numerous skills of Canada's adult population. This article reports the survey's main findings.
Release date: 1990-11-27 - 17. Taxes, transfers and regional disparities ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X199000490Geography: CanadaDescription:
Government transfer payments can add another dimension to judging regional economic performance. This article looks at sub-provincial areas and the effect of transfer payments to lessen economic inequality in these areas.
Release date: 1990-11-27 - Articles and reports: 75-001-X1990003145Geography: CanadaDescription:
Does a Canadian household spend its money differently than its American counterpart? This article examines the breakdowns in personal consumption, future security and income taxes by family type in the two countries.
Release date: 1990-08-24 - 19. The price of labour ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X199000319Geography: CanadaDescription:
Have the earnings of Canadian workers been able to keep up with inflation since the 1970s? This study explains the components of labour income and analyzes the trends between 1977 and 1988.
Release date: 1990-08-24 - 20. Consumer spending in urban and rural Canada ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X199000325Geography: CanadaDescription:
In Canada, there are both similarities and differences in the way urban and rural households spend their income and these patterns have tended to persist over time.
Release date: 1990-08-24
Reference (2)
Reference (2) ((2 results))
- Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 13-604-M1991011Description:
The Canadian System of National Accounts (CSNA) has evolved considerably over the past four decades. This article presents a brief account of the relationship between this system, as it stands today, and the international standard for national accounting, which has been established by the United Nations. The major similarities and differences between the two systems are highlighted. The paper then goes on to briefly summarize the present state of discussions concerning revisions to the international SNA standard.
Release date: 1990-11-30 - Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 13-604-M1990006Description:
Gross domestic product (GDP) is a key measure in the System of National Accounts, as well as an indispensable tool for economic analysis. This variable is available in current dollars or, in other words, expressed in the prices of the period to which each estimate applies. Two distinct parts exist within this current dollar measure: a volume component and a price component. This article focusses on the measure of GDP which expresses the volume of transactions in the economy (i.e., GDP expressed in real terms).
Release date: 1990-06-20
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