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Description:

The Market Basket Measure includes a dimension that defines a family's disposable income. This discussion paper describes considerations for updating the disposable income component and changes to the methodology used for its determination.

Description: The manner in which Canadians conduct their daily activities can have a profound impact on their surroundings thereby compelling them to adapt their practices to be less harmful to the environment. This is even more of a reality for Canadian businesses as their operations are significant contributors to the amount of pollution and environmental pressures generated each year in Canada. For this reason, it is important to monitor the amount and the type of environmental protection that Canadian industry has undertaken over the years. The article highlights expenditures made by Canadian industry to protect the environment from industrial activities between 2006 and 2016. The main data source for this paper is the Environmental Protection Expenditures Survey (EPES), which is conducted every two years. Several graphs and a summary of findings are included.

Description:

In Canada, estimating the life expectancy of Indigenous populations is methodologically challenging since death registrations do not usually collect information on whether the deceased was Indigenous. For the first time in Canada, a series of census-mortality linked datasets has been created that can be used to estimate trends in life expectancies among Indigenous household populations enumerated by a census. The objectives of this article are to 1) estimate life expectancy for First Nations people, Métis and Inuit at various ages and by sex for 2011, and compare it with that of the non-Indigenous population 2) examine trends in longevity since 1996 for First Nations people, Métis and Inuit and the non-Indigenous population, and estimate whether the disparity between Indigenous populations and the non-Indigenous population has changed over time. In doing so, this study aims to fill an important information gap by providing a national picture of the life expectancy of First Nations people, Métis and Inuit.

Description:

The routine measurement of population health status indicators like mortality is important to assess progress in the reduction of inequalities. Previous studies of mortality inequalities have relied on area-based measures of socioeconomic indicators. A new series of census-mortality linked datasets has been created in Canada to quantify mortality inequalities based on individual-level data and examine whether these inequalities have changed over time. This study used the 1991, 1996, 2001, 2006, and 2011 Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohorts (CanCHECs) with five years of mortality follow-up. It estimated age-standardized mortality rates by sex according to income quintile and highest level of educational attainment categories for the household population aged 25 or older.

Description:

This article provides a description of the Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohorts (CanCHECs), a population-based linked datasets of the household population at the time of census collection. The CanCHEC datasets are rich national data resources that can be used to measure and examine health inequalities across socioeconomic and ethnocultural dimensions for different periods and locations. These datasets can also be used to examine the effects of exposure to environmental factors on human health.

Description:

This video describes a new health surveillance program at Statistics Canada: The Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohorts (CanCHECs). The video describes the attributes of and the datasets included in the CanCHECs, how the CanCHECs can be used, and their strengths and limitations. Recent examples of research projects based on the CanCHECs are presented along with information about how to apply for access to these data.

Description:

Standard linearization estimators of the variance of the general regression estimator are often too small, leading to confidence intervals that do not cover at the desired rate. Hat matrix adjustments can be used in two-stage sampling that help remedy this problem. We present theory for several new variance estimators and compare them to standard estimators in a series of simulations. The proposed estimators correct negative biases and improve confidence interval coverage rates in a variety of situations that mirror ones that are met in practice.

Description:

Paradata is often collected during the survey process to monitor the quality of the survey response. One such paradata is a respondent behavior, which can be used to construct response models. The propensity score weight using the respondent behavior information can be applied to the final analysis to reduce the nonresponse bias. However, including the surrogate variable in the propensity score weighting does not always guarantee the efficiency gain. We show that the surrogate variable is useful only when it is correlated with the study variable. Results from a limited simulation study confirm the finding. A real data application using the Korean Workplace Panel Survey data is also presented.

Description:

The widely used formulas for the variance of the ratio estimator may lead to serious underestimates when the sample size is small; see Sukhatme (1954), Koop (1968), Rao (1969), and Cochran (1977, pages 163-164). In order to solve this classical problem, we propose in this paper new estimators for the variance and the mean square error of the ratio estimator that do not suffer from such a large negative bias. Similar estimation formulas can be derived for alternative ratio estimators as discussed in Tin (1965). We compare three mean square error estimators for the ratio estimator in a simulation study.

Description:

Social or economic studies often need to have a global view of society. For example, in agricultural studies, the characteristics of farms can be linked to the social activities of individuals. Hence, studies of a given phenomenon should be done by considering variables of interest referring to different target populations that are related to each other. In order to get an insight into an underlying phenomenon, the observations must be carried out in an integrated way, in which the units of a given population have to be observed jointly with related units of the other population. In the agricultural example, this means that a sample of rural households should be selected that have some relationship with the farm sample to be used for the study. There are several ways to select integrated samples. This paper studies the problem of defining an optimal sampling strategy for this situation: the solution proposed minimizes the sampling cost, ensuring a predefined estimation precision for the variables of interest (of either one or both populations) describing the phenomenon. Indirect sampling provides a natural framework for this setting since the units belonging to a population can become carriers of information on another population that is the object of a given survey. The problem is studied for different contexts which characterize the information concerning the links available in the sampling design phase, ranging from situations in which the links among the different units are known in the design phase to a situation in which the available information on links is very poor. An empirical study of agricultural data for a developing country is presented. It shows how controlling the inclusion probabilities at the design phase using the available information (namely the links) is effective, can significantly reduce the errors of the estimates for the indirectly observed population. The need for good models for predicting the unknown variables or the links is also demonstrated.

Description:

This data visualization tool highlights disability rates by age and sex for provinces and territories based on data from the 2017 Canadian Survey on Disability. The survey provides data on the demographic, employment, and income characteristics of Canadians with disabilities aged 15 years and over.

Description: This interactive data visualization dashboard provides an overview of the courts program in Canada. The dashboard features statistics on charges and cases in youth courts and adult criminal courts, civil court cases, maintenance enforcement case enrollments, as well as compliance with support payments.

Description: The Housing Data Viewer is a visualization tool that allows users to explore Statistics Canada data on a map. Users can use the tool to navigate, compare and export data.

Description:

This web application provides access to data from the 2018 Canadian Internet Use Survey. This dynamic application allows users to obtain data on the use of Internet services and technologies by Canadians in 2018. The data is supplemented by household characteristics such as age, gender, household income quartile, highest level of education completed and some geographical detail (e.g. province). Among the indicators used in this interactive application to describe the use of Internet-related services and technologies are Internet use and intensity of use, percentage of online shoppers and their average expenditure by type of good and services purchased and percentage of Internet users who have taken measures to protect themselves from Internet security and privacy related incidents.

Description:

The Canadian Community Crime Tracker (CCCT) is a new advanced web-based data visualization tool that will make statistical information on crime and justice more interpretable by presenting key indicators in a statistical dashboard. The current version of the CCCT contains key indicators of crime based on police-reported data from the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Survey, including the Crime Severity Index, rates of selected offences, rates of unfounded incidents and rates of firearm-related violent crime. Also included are data related to police-reported homicide, and hate crime. Data are for 2017 and 2018 and presented at the national, provincial, territorial levels, as well as for police service boundaries (meaning municipal police services as well as detachments of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, the Ontario Provincial Police, the Sûreté du Québec and the Royal Newfoundland Constabulary).

Description:

This interactive tool allows for custom manipulation and visualization of data sourced from the Statistic Canada Survey of Uniform Financial Systems - School Boards (SUFSB). By clicking within the tool you will be able to filter, highlight and select various provincial/territorial aggregations of public elementary and secondary school board/district revenue and expenditure data. The revenues are categorized by source and geography; expenditures are categorized by function, economic classification and geography.

Description:

This web application provides access to transportation data for Canada, provinces and territories. The maps, charts and tables draw from a variety of data sources to provide information on Canada's transportation system. The interactive dashboard allow users to visualize statistics on a number of transportation-related topics covering road, rail and air transportation.

Description:

Series Description - The Basic Summary Tabulations Series (1996 Census of Population) provides data based on approximately 75 cross-tabulations of three or four census variables at five very detailed levels of geography. This series shows specific characteristics of the Canadian population considered either as individuals or in terms of their family or household relations, or with a characteristic pertaining to Canadian dwellings. The BSTs provide data based on a 20% sample except for Age, Sex, Marital Status and Common-law Status which are collected from a 100% sample.

These tables are available on diskette and cover all census variable information such as Demographics; Families (Number, Type and Structure); Structural Type of Dwelling and Household Size; Immigration and Citizenship; Languages (e.g. Mother Tongue); Aboriginal Origins, Ethnic Origin and Visible Minorities (Population Groups); Labour Market Activities and Household Activities (unpaid work); Place of Work and Mode of Transportation; Education; Mobility and Migration; as well as Individual and Family Income.

For ease in understanding the five levels of geography, the OLC numbers have related the last 3 digits to reflect the different geographies. See the information below.

**Under Geographic Coverage, we have listed the five geographies with OLC numbers.

BSTs ending with the following OLC #s represent:

001 - Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions002 - Census Metropolitan Areas, Tracted Census Agglomerations and Census Tracts003 - Canada, Provinces, Territories, Federal Electoral Districts (1987 Representation Order) and Enumeration Areas004 - Canada, Provinces, Territories and Federal Electoral Districts (1996 Representation Order)005 - Canada, Provinces, Territories and Forward Sortation Areas

Description:

These are a series of approximately 65 tabulations of 1996 Census data, which features two or three inter-related variables that deal with specific characteristics of people, families or households, or with a characteristic of Canadian dwellings. All variables covered by the 1996 Census are represented in the BST program. Forward Sortation Level geography is available for the first time.

Description:

This product gathers information from various statistical programs and illustrates the nature and the extent of Canada's economic and financial relationship with the United States using interactive graphics and tables. The statistical information is presented according to four main topics: trade, investment, employment and travel. Key indicators are available for each of the topics, including merchandise trade by Canadian provinces and US states. Users can link to more detailed data as well as information regarding definitions, concepts and methods.

Description:

Monthly estimates of provincial unemployment based on the Dutch Labour Force Survey (LFS) are obtained using time series models. The models account for rotation group bias and serial correlation due to the rotating panel design of the LFS. This paper compares two approaches of estimating structural time series models (STM). In the first approach STMs are expressed as state space models, fitted using a Kalman filter and smoother in a frequentist framework. As an alternative, these STMs are expressed as time series multilevel models in an hierarchical Bayesian framework, and estimated using a Gibbs sampler. Monthly unemployment estimates and standard errors based on these models are compared for the twelve provinces of the Netherlands. Pros and cons of the multilevel approach and state space approach are discussed. Multivariate STMs are appropriate to borrow strength over time and space. Modeling the full correlation matrix between time series components rapidly increases the numbers of hyperparameters to be estimated. Modeling common factors is one possibility to obtain more parsimonious models that still account for cross-sectional correlation. In this paper an even more parsimonious approach is proposed, where domains share one overall trend, and have their own independent trends for the domain-specific deviations from this overall trend. The time series modeling approach is particularly appropriate to estimate month-to-month change of unemployment.

Description:

High nonresponse is a very common problem in sample surveys today. In statistical terms we are worried about increased bias and variance of estimators for population quantities such as totals or means. Different methods have been suggested in order to compensate for this phenomenon. We can roughly divide them into imputation and calibration and it is the latter approach we will focus on here. A wide spectrum of possibilities is included in the class of calibration estimators. We explore linear calibration, where we suggest using a nonresponse version of the design-based optimal regression estimator. Comparisons are made between this estimator and a GREG type estimator. Distance measures play a very important part in the construction of calibration estimators. We show that an estimator of the average response propensity (probability) can be included in the “optimal” distance measure under nonresponse, which will help to reduce the bias of the resulting estimator. To illustrate empirically the theoretically derived results for the suggested estimators, a simulation study has been carried out. The population is called KYBOK and consists of clerical municipalities in Sweden, where the variables include financial as well as size measurements. The results are encouraging for the “optimal” estimator in combination with the estimated average response propensity, where the bias was reduced for most of the Poisson sampling cases in the study.

Description:

Finding the optimal stratification and sample size in univariate and multivariate sample design is hard when the population frame is large. There are alternative ways of modelling and solving this problem, and one of the most natural uses genetic algorithms (GA) combined with the Bethel-Chromy evaluation algorithm. The GA iteratively searches for the minimum sample size necessary to meet precision constraints in partitionings of atomic strata created by the Cartesian product of auxiliary variables. We point out a drawback with classical GAs when applied to the grouping problem, and propose a new GA approach using “grouping” genetic operators instead of traditional operators. Experiments show a significant improvement in solution quality for similar computational effort.

Description:

Dual frame surveys are useful when no single frame with adequate coverage exists. However estimators from dual frame designs require knowledge of the frame memberships of each sampled unit. When this information is not available from the frame itself, it is often collected from the respondent. When respondents provide incorrect membership information, the resulting estimators of means or totals can be biased. A method for reducing this bias, using accurate membership information obtained about a subsample of respondents, is proposed. The properties of the new estimator are examined and compared to alternative estimators. The proposed estimator is applied to the data from the motivating example, which was a recreational angler survey, using an address frame and an incomplete fishing license frame.

Description:

We discuss a relevant inference for the alpha coefficient (Cronbach, 1951) - a popular ratio-type statistic for the covariances and variances in survey sampling including complex survey sampling with unequal selection probabilities. This study can help investigators who wish to evaluate various psychological or social instruments used in large surveys. For the survey data, we investigate workable confidence intervals by using two approaches: (1) the linearization method using the influence function and (2) the coverage-corrected bootstrap method. The linearization method provides adequate coverage rates with correlated ordinal values that many instruments consist of; however, this method may not be as good with some non-normal underlying distributions, e.g., a multi-lognormal distribution. We suggest that the coverage-corrected bootstrap method can be used as a complement to the linearization method, because the coverage-corrected bootstrap method is computer-intensive. Using the developed methods, we provide the confidence intervals for the alpha coefficient to assess various mental health instruments (Kessler 10, Kessler 6 and Sheehan Disability Scale) for different demographics using data from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R).

Description:

This report presents monthly aircraft movements for Canadian airports with NAV CANADA air traffic control towers and NAV CANADA flight service stations.

Description:

This infographic provides information on the number and characteristics of gig workers, including gender, regional, and occupational differences.

Description:

This infographic uses census data from 2006 and 2016 to examine the trends associated with English-French bilingualism among Canadian children and youth who were aged 5 to 17.

Description:

This study identifies gig workers based on characteristics of their work arrangements and how these are reported in tax data. It introduces a definition of gig work specific to the way work arrangements are reported in the Canadian tax system and estimates the size of the gig economy in Canada using administrative data. The share of gig workers among all workers rose from 5.5% in 2005 to 8.2% in 2016. Some of this increase coincided with the introduction and proliferation of online platforms. The analysis highlights gender differences in the trends and characteristics of gig workers. By linking administrative data to 2016 Census microdata, this study also examines educational and occupational differences in the prevalence of gig workers.

Description:

This article describes the revisions to the Financial Flow Accounts (FFA), the Other Changes in Assets Account (OCAA), and the National Balance Sheet Accounts (NBSA), collectively referred to as the Financial and Wealth Accounts (FWA), introduced as part of the 2019 Comprehensive Revision. These accounts are an integral part of the Canadian System of Macroeconomic Accounts (CSMA). This exercise was conducted to strengthen the overall quality and relevance of the FWA program and to introduce new concepts, methodologies, and classifications as recommended by international standards.

Description:

This document brings together guidelines and checklists on many issues that need to be considered in the pursuit of quality objectives in the execution of statistical activities. Its focus is on how to assure quality through effective and appropriate design or redesign of a statistical project or program from inception through to data evaluation, dissemination and documentation. These guidelines draw on the collective knowledge and experience of many Statistics Canada employees. It is expected that Quality Guidelines will be useful to staff engaged in the planning and design of surveys and other statistical projects, as well as to those who evaluate and analyze the outputs of these projects.

Description:

This technical reference guide is intended for users of the Education and Labour Market Longitudinal Platform (ELMLP). The data for the products associated with this issue are derived from integrating Postsecondary Student Information System (PSIS) administrative data with other administrative data on earnings. Statistics Canada has derived a series of annual indicators on the labour market outcomes of public postsecondary graduates including median employment income by educational qualification, field of study, age group and sex for Canada, the provinces and the territories combined.

Description:

The Coverage Technical Report will present the error included in census data that results from either persons being missed (not enumerated) or from persons being enumerated more than once by the 2016 Census. The population coverage error is one of the most important types of errors because it affects not only the accuracy of population counts, but also the accuracy of all the census data results describing the characteristics of the population universe.

Description:

This document describes the structure of the Dissemination Geography Unique Identifier (DGUID) used within Statistics Canada to facilitate the linkage of every geographic area maintained by Statistics Canada with data tables that use geographic names in the Common Output Database Repository (CODR).

Description:

This topic presents data on the Aboriginal peoples of Canada and their demographic characteristics. Depending on the application, estimates using any of the following concepts may be appropriate for the Aboriginal population: (1) Aboriginal identity, (2) Aboriginal ancestry, (3) Registered or Treaty Indian status and (4) Membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Data from the 2011 National Household Survey are available for the geographical locations where these populations reside, including 'on reserve' census subdivisions and Inuit communities of Inuit Nunangat as well as other geographic areas such as the national (Canada), provincial and territorial levels.

Analytical products

The analytical document provides analysis on the key findings and trends in the data, and is complimented with the short articles found in NHS in Brief and the NHS Focus on Geography Series.

Data products

The NHS Profile is one data product that provides a statistical overview of user selected geographic areas based on several detailed variables and/or groups of variables. Other data products include data tables which represent a series of cross tabulations ranging in complexity and are available for various levels of geography.

Description: This technical reference guide is intended for users of the Education and Labour Market Longitudinal Platform (ELMLP). The data for the products associated with this issue are based on the longitudinal Postsecondary Student Information System (PSIS) administrative data files. Statistics Canada has derived a series of annual indicators of public postsecondary students including persistence rates, graduation rates, and average time to graduation by educational qualification, field of study, age group and gender for Canada, the provinces, and the three combined Territories.

Description: To stay relevant, preparing for a new Census of Agriculture requires a thorough evaluation of data requirements. Before each census, Statistics Canada conducts consultations to solicit input and feedback on the Census of Agriculture's content. This report describes those consultations and the process that was followed to test and determine which topics could be potentially retained for the next census.

Description:

Statistics Canada needs to respond to the legalization of cannabis for non-medical use by measuring various aspects of the introduction of cannabis in the Canadian economy and society. An important part of measuring the economy and society is using statistical classifications. It is common practice with classifications that they are updated and revised as new industries, products, occupations and educational programs are introduced into the Canadian economy and society. This paper describes the changes to the various statistical classifications used by Statistics Canada in order to measure the introduction of legal non-medical cannabis.

Description:

From September 2018 through April 2019, Statistics Canada conducted a broad consultation on the Market Basket Measure (MBM). This paper will describe the consultations that took place, give highlights of what Statistics Canada heard, and describe next steps.

Description:

Data on income of census families, individuals and seniors are derived from income tax returns. The data for the products associated with this release are derived from the T1 file that Statistics Canada receives from Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) thirteen months after the end of the taxation year.