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Chapter 1

Scott, Katherine and Haggart, Blayne (2008), "Understanding Poverty and low Income in Canada. Definitions and Measures", Canadian Council on Social Development, Ottawa, Ontario.

Wolfson, Michael C. and Evans, John M. (1989), "Statistics Canada Low Income Cut-Offs Methodological Concern and Possibilities". A discussion paper, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ontario.

Chapter 2

Duclos, Jean-Yves, Araar, Abdelirim and Carl Fortin (2008), "DAD 4.5: A software for Distributional Analysis/Analyse Distributive", Laval, Quebec.

Duclos, Jean-Yves and Grégoire, Philippe (2003), "Absolute and Relative Deprivation and the Measurement of Poverty", Centre interuniversitaire sur le risque, les politiques économiques et l'emploi , working paper 03-02, Laval, Quebec.

Sarlo, Christopher (2001), Measuring Poverty in Canada. The Fraser Institute. Vancouver, BC.

Sen, Amartya. K. (1976), "Poverty: An Ordinal Approach to measurement," Econometrica, Vol.44, No. 2, pp. 219-231.

Wolfson, Michael C. and Evans, John M. (1989), "Statistics Canada Low Income Cut-Offs Methodological Concern and Possibilities". A discussion paper, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ontario.

Chapter 3

Aydemir, Abdurrahman. and Skuterud, Mikal (2004): "Explaining the Deteriorating Entry Earnings of Canada's Immigrant Cohorts: 1966-2000", Analytical Studies Branch Research Paper Series, No. 225. Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ontario.

Osberg, Lars. 2001. «Poverty among Senior Citizens: A Canadian Success Story », The state of economics in Canada : festschrift in honour of David Slater / Patrick Grady and Andrew Sharpe, editors, McGill-Queen's University Press, pp. 151-178.

Richards, John. 2010. Reducing lone-parent poverty: a Canadian success story, Commentary / C.D. Howe Institute ; no. 306.

Zhang, Xuelin (2010). Low income measurement in Canada: what do different lines and indexes tell us? Ottawa : Income Statistics Division, Statistics Canada, 75F0002MIE no. 10-003

Chapter 4

Osberg, Lars and Xu, Kuan (1999), " Poverty Intensity: How Well Do Canadian Provinces Compare?" Canadian Public Policy, Vol. 25, No. 2 (Jun., 1999), pp. 179-195.

Chapter 5

Finnie, Ross and Sweetman, Arthur. Poverty Dynamics: Empirical Evidence for Canada, The Canadian Journal of Economics / Revue canadienne d'Economique, Vol. 36, No. 2 (May, 2003), pp. 291-325.

Rodgers, Joan R., and Rodgers. John L. 1993. "Chronic Poverty in the United States." Journal ofHuman Resources 28 (1): 25-54.

Valletta, Rob. The Ins and Outs of Poverty in Advanced Economies: Poverty Dynamics in Canada, Germany, Great Britain, and the United States, Statistics Canada, 2005, Income Research Paper Series, Catalogue no. 75F0002MIE2005001.

Appendix

Asselin, Louis-Marie. (2009): Analysis of Multidimensional Poverty: Theory and Case Studies. Springer, New York, NY and International Development Research Center, Ottawa, Ontario.

Atkinson, A. B. (1983): The Economics of Inequality, 2^nd Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Cotton, Catherine. (2000): "Bridging two surveys: An integrated series of income data. From SCF and SLID 1989 to 1997." Income Research Paper, 75F0002MIE – 00002, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ontario.

Duclos, Jean-Yves. and Arrar, Abdelirim. (2006): Poverty and Equity: Measurement, Policy and Estimation with DAD, Springer, New York, NY and International Development Research Center, Ottawa, Ontario.

Fellegi, Ivan. (1997) "On poverty and low income", Statistics Canada, 13F0027XIE, Ottawa, Ontario.

Hagenaars, Aldi. and De Vos, Klaas. (1987): "The definition and measurement of poverty." The Journal of Human Resources, Vol. 23, No. 2, 211–221.

Human Resources and Skills Development Canada, 2009. Low Income in Canada: 2000-2007, Using the Market Basket Measure, Final Report, Cat.No.: HS28-49/2009E-PDF.

Michaud, Sylvie., Cotton, Cathy and Bishop, Kevin (2004): "Exploration of methodological issues in the development of the market basket measure of low income for Human Resources Development Canada", Income Research Paper, Catalogue no. 75F0002MIE — No. 001, Ottawa, Ontario.

Murphy, Brian., Zhang, Xuelin and Dionne, Claude. (2010): "Revising Statistics Canada's low income measure (LIM )." Income Research Paper Series Catalogue No. 75F0002M – No. 004. Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ontario.

Osberg Lars. (2007): "The evolution of poverty measurement – with special reference to Canada." A report commissioned by Statistics Canada.

Rio Group (2006): Expert Group on Poverty Statistics: Compendium of Best Practices in Poverty Measurement. Rio de Janeiro.

Sarlo, Christopher. (2001): Measuring Poverty in Canada. The Fraser Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia.

Saunders, Peter. (2004): "Towards a credible poverty framework: from income poverty to deprivation." SPRC Discussion Paper No. 131, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.

Sen, Amartya. (1979): "Issues in the Measurement of Poverty," Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Vol. 81, 285 – 307.

Statistics Canada, 2011. Low income lines 2009-2010. Income Statistics Division, Catalogue no. 75F0002M, no. 002.

Wolfson, Michael C. and Evans, John M. (1989): "Statistics Canada's low income cut-offs: Methodological concerns and possibilities." Analytical Studies Branch Research Paper Series, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ontario.

Zhang, Xuelin. (2010): "Low income measurement in Canada: What do different lines and indexes tell us?" Income Research Paper Series, Catalogue No. 75F0002M – No. 3. Ottawa, Ontario.

Bibliography

Bowlby, Geoff and Sunter, Deborah. Labour force participation in the 1990's, Statistics Canada, Canadian Economic Observer, October 1998, vol. 11 no. 10.

Burstein, Meyer. Combating the Social Exclusion of At-Risk Groups, PRI Project, New Approaches for Addressing Poverty and Exclusion, 2005

Human Resources Development Canada, 2003.Understanding the 2000 Low Income Statistics Based on the Market Basket Measure, Applied Research Branch, Strategic Policy, , Cat. No./No. de cat.: RH63-1/569-03-03E-IN

Human Resources and Skills Development Canada, 2009. Low Income in Canada: 2000-2007Using the Market Basket Measure, Final Report, Cat.No.: HS28-49/2009E-PDF.

Statistics Canada, 2011 Income in Canada 2009. Income Statistics Division, Catalogue no. 75-202-XWE. no. 002.