Canada at a Glance, 2023
Population

Table 1
Census population counts by province or territory
Table summary
This table displays the results of Census population counts by province or territory 2011, 2016, 2021 and 2011 to 2021, calculated using number and percent change units of measure (appearing as column headers).
	number			percent change
	2011	2016	2021	2011 to 2021
Canada	33,476,688	35,151,728	36,991,981	10.5
Newfoundland and Labrador	514,536	519,716	510,550	-0.8
Prince Edward Island	140,204	142,907	154,331	10.1
Nova Scotia	921,727	923,598	969,383	5.2
New Brunswick	751,171	747,101	775,610	3.3
Quebec	7,903,001	8,164,361	8,501,833	7.6
Ontario	12,851,821	13,448,494	14,223,942	10.7
Manitoba	1,208,268	1,278,365	1,342,153	11.1
Saskatchewan	1,033,381	1,098,352	1,132,505	9.6
Alberta	3,645,257	4,067,175	4,262,635	16.9
British Columbia	4,400,057	4,648,055	5,000,879	13.7
Yukon	33,897	35,874	40,232	18.7
Northwest Territories	41,462	41,786	41,070	-0.9
Nunavut	31,906	35,944	36,858	15.5
Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Population, 2011, 2016 and 2021.

Chart 1

Data table for Chart 1

Data table for chart 1
Table summary
This table displays the results of Data table for chart 1 Population growth, Natural increase and International migratory increase, calculated using thousands units of measure (appearing as column headers).
	thousands
	Population growth	Natural increase	International migratory increase
2000/2001	335.13	108.17	236.76
2001/2002	338.34	108.28	237.94
2002/2003	283.26	107.39	183.75
2003/2004	296.35	110.10	194.15
2004/2005	303.93	111.62	200.18
2005/2006	328.46	123.25	216.10
2006/2007	317.69	129.74	219.75
2007/2008	358.41	140.30	250.00
2008/2009	382.77	145.36	269.21
2009/2010	375.83	144.83	262.80
2010/2011	333.32	133.00	231.01
2011/2012	374.17	137.67	260.56
2012/2013	367.60	130.74	260.83
2013/2014	353.07	129.76	247.30
2014/2015	270.43	117.53	176.89
2015/2016	406.31	122.02	303.74
2016/2017	434.27	106.04	319.99
2017/2018	527.55	93.22	426.08
2018/2019	545.88	90.16	447.47
2019/2020	410.14	74.13	327.75
2020/2021	211.23	55.27	148.87
2021/2022	699.19	44.88	654.31
2022/2023	1158.71	27.52	1131.18
Notes: Until 2020/2021 inclusively, population growth is not equal to the sum of natural increase and international migratory increase because residual deviation must also be considered in the calculation. These data are subject to revisions and may have changed after the publication of this chart. Source: Statistics Canada. Table 17-10-0008-01.

In 2022/2023, population growth in Canada exceeded one million people (1,158,705) for the first time since comparable data exist.
Natural increase (births minus deaths) declined by 39% from 2021/2022 to 2022/2023, while net international migration increased by 83%.

Table 2
Top 10 most populated census metropolitan areas
Table summary
This table displays the results of Top 10 most populated census metropolitan areas 2011, 2021 and 2011 to 2021, calculated using number and percent change units of measure (appearing as column headers).
	number		percent change
	2011	2021	2011 to 2021
Total population	33,476,688	36,991,981	10.5
Toronto	5,583,064	6,202,225	11.1
Montréal	3,824,221	4,291,732	12.2
Vancouver	2,313,328	2,642,825	14.2
Ottawa–Gatineau	1,236,324	1,488,307	20.4
Calgary	1,214,839	1,481,806	22.0
Edmonton	1,159,869	1,418,118	22.3
Québec	765,706	839,311	9.6
Winnipeg	730,018	834,678	14.3
Hamilton	721,053	785,184	8.9
Kitchener–Cambridge–Waterloo	477,160	575,847	20.7
Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Population, 2011 and 2021.

Chart 2

Data table for Chart 2

Data table for chart 2
Table summary
This table displays the results of Data table for chart 2. The information is grouped by Provinces and territories (appearing as row headers), In-migrants, Out-migrants and Net, calculated using number units of measure (appearing as column headers).
Provinces and territories	In-migrants	Out-migrants	Net
Provinces and territories	number
N.L.	7,795	-7,253	542
P.E.I.	5,354	-3,767	1,587
N.S.	24,226	-15,700	8,526
N.B.	18,764	-11,850	6,914
Que.	24,767	-30,819	-6,052
Ont.	70,731	-112,660	-41,929
Man.	13,055	-23,301	-10,246
Sask.	15,510	-21,898	-6,388
Alta.	106,148	-49,903	56,245
B.C.	56,933	-65,161	-8,228
Y.T.	1,713	-1,858	-145
N.W.T.	1,982	-2,414	-432
Nvt.	1,392	-1,786	-394
Note: These data are subject to revisions and may have changed after the publication of this chart. Source: Statistics Canada. Table 17-10-0021-01.

In 2022/2023, Alberta (+56,245) experienced the largest net gains in interprovincial migration. Meanwhile, Ontario saw the most important net interprovincial losses (-41,929).
The Atlantic provinces each recorded a net gain from interprovincial migration in 2022/2023.

Table 3
Population by ability to conduct a conversation in a selection of languages
Table summary
This table displays the results of Population by ability to conduct a conversation in a selection of languages. The information is grouped by Languages (appearing as row headers), 2016 and 2021, calculated using number and percent units of measure (appearing as column headers).
Languages	2016	2021	2016	2021
Languages	number		percent
Official languages	33,818,210	35,644,660	98.1	98.1
English	29,748,265	31,628,570	86.3	87.1
French	10,242,950	10,563,235	29.7	29.1
Indigenous languages	263,840	243,155	0.8	0.7
Non-official languages other than Indigenous languages	9,107,075	10,485,595	26.4	28.9
Spanish	995,260	1,171,450	2.9	3.2
Mandarin	814,450	987,300	2.4	2.7
Punjabi	668,240	942,170	1.9	2.6
Arabic	629,055	838,045	1.8	2.3
Hindi	433,365	761,425	1.3	2.1
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	612,735	737,565	1.8	2.0
Yue (Cantonese)	699,125	724,925	2.0	2.0
Sign languages	48,120	49,535	0.1	0.1
Note: A person may declare the ability to conduct a conversation in more than one language. Sources: Statistics Canada, Census of Population, 2016 and 2021.

Almost the entire Canadian population (98%) is able to conduct a conversation in either official language, English or French.
After English and French, the languages known by the greatest number of people in Canada in 2021 were Spanish (1.2 million people), Mandarin (1.0 million people) and Punjabi (0.9 million people).
In Canada, almost a quarter of a million people were able to conduct a conversation in an Indigenous language in 2021.

Language selection