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Angrist, J., and J.-S. Pischke. 2009. Mostly Harmless Econometrics. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.

Antecol, H. 2000. “An Examination of Cross-country Differences in the Gender Gap in Labor Force Participation Rates.” Labor Economics 7 (4): 409–426.

Batalova, J.A., and P.N. Cohen. 2002. “Premarital Cohabitation and Housework: Couples in Cross-National Perspective.” Journal of Marriage and Family 64 (3): 743–55.

Blau, F.D., L.M. Kahn and K.L. Papps. 2008. Gender, Source Country Characteristics and Labor Market Assimilation among Immigrants: 1980-2000. IZA Discussion Paper No. 3725 (September). Bonn, Germany: Institute for the Study of Labor.

Blau, F.D., L.M. Kahn and K.L. Papps. 2011. “Gender, Source Country Characteristics, and Labor Market Assimilation Among Immigrants.” The Review of Economics and Statistics 93 (1): 43–58.

Boyd, M., and D. Thomas. 2002. “Skilled Immigrant Labour: Country of Origin and the Occupational Locations of Male Engineers.” Canadian Studies in Population 29 (1): 71–99.

Christie-Mizell, C.A. 2006. “The effects of traditional family and gender ideology on earnings: Race and gender differences.” Journal of Family and Economic Issues 27 (1): 48–70.

David, P.A., and J.G. Lopez. 2001. Knowledge, Capabilities and Human Capital Formation in Economic Growth. New Zealand Treasury Working Paper No. 01/13 (June). Wellington, New Zealand: New Zealand Treasury.

Doss, C.R. 1999. Twenty-five Years of Research on Women Farmers in Africa: Lessons and Implications for Agricultural Institutions; with an annotated bibliography. CIMMYT Economics Program Paper, no. 99–02. Mexico, D.F.: CIMMYT.

England, P. 1992. Comparable Worth: Theories and Evidence. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.

Firestone, J.M., R.J. Harris and L.C. Lambert. 1999. “Gender role ideology and the gender based differences in earnings.” Journal of Family and Economic Issues 20 (2): 191–215.

Fortin, N.M. 2005. “Gender Role Attitudes and the Labour-Market Outcomes of Women Across OECD Countries.” Oxford Review of Economic Policy 21 (3): 416–438.

Frank, K., and F. Hou. 2013. Cultural Influences Across Time and Space: Do Source-country Gender Roles Affect Immigrant Women’s Paid and Unpaid Labour Activity? Analytical Studies Branch Research Paper Series, no. 349. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11F0019M. Ottawa: Statistics Canada.

Fuwa, M. 2004. “Macro-Level Gender Inequality and the Division of Household Labour in 22 Countries.” American Sociological Review 69 (6): 751–767.

Greene, W.H. 2012. Econometric Analysis. Seventh Edition. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall.

Jaumotte, F. 2003. Female Labour Force Participation: Past Trends and Main Determinants in OECD Countries. Economics Department Working Papers, no. 376. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.

Judge, T.A., and B.A. Livingston. 2008. “Is the gap more than gender? A longitudinal analysis of gender, gender role orientation, and earnings.” Journal of Applied Psychology 93 (5): 994–1012.

Kan, M.Y., O. Sullivan, and J. Gershuny. 2011. “Gender Convergence in Domestic Work: Discerning the Effects of Interactional and Institutional Barriers from Large-scale Data.” Sociology 45 (2): 234–251.

Knudsen, K., and K. Wӕrness. 2008. “National Context and Spouses’ Housework in 34 Countries.” European Sociological Review 24 (1): 97–113.

Lim, L.L. 2002. Female Labour-force Participation. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, Gender Promotion Programme (GENPROM), p. 203–221. Available at:
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Nieuwenhuis, R., A. Need, and H. Van der Kolk. 2012. “Institutional and demographic explanations of women’s employment in 18 OECD countries, 1975–1999.” Journal of Marriage and Family 74: 614–630.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). 2004. Female Labour Force Participation: Past Trends and Main Determinants in OECD Countries. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Economics Department. May. p. 1–16.

Picot, G. 2004. “The Deteriorating Economic Welfare of Canadian Immigrants.” Canadian Journal of Urban Research 13 (1): 25–46.

Polachek, S.W. 2004. How the Human Capital Model Explains Why the Gender Wage Gap Narrowed. IZA Discussion Paper No. 1102 (April). Bonn, Germany: Institute for the Study of Labor.

Preston, V., and W. Giles. 2004. Employment Experiences of Highly Skilled Immigrant Women: Where Are They in the Labour Market? Paper presented at the “Gender and Work: Knowledge Production in Practice” conference. York University, Ontario, Oct 1–2.

Reitz, J.G., and S.M. Sklar. 1997. “Culture, Race, and the Economic Assimilation of Immigrants.” Sociological Forum 2 (2): 233–277.

Reskin, B.F., and P.A. Roos. 1990. Job Queues, Gender Queues. Philadephia: Temple University Press.

Stickney, L.T., and A.M. Konrad. 2007. “Gender-role attitudes and earnings: A multinational study of married women and men.” Sex Roles 57: 801–811.

Thompson, E.N. 2000. Immigrant Occupational Skill Outcomes and the Role of Region-of-origin-specific Human Capital. Working Paper Series, no. W-00-8E. Gatineau, Quebec: Human Resources Development Canada: Applied Research Branch, Strategic Policy.

Ultee, W., J. Dessens and W. Jansen. 1988. “Why Does Unemployment Come in Couples? An Analysis of (Un)Employment and (Non)Employment Homogamy Tables for Canada, the Netherlands and the United States in the 1980s.” European Sociological Review 4 (2): 111–122.

Wooldridge, J.M. 2003. “Cluster-Sample Methods in Applied Econometrics.” The American Economic Review 93 (2): 133–138.

Yodanis, C. 2005. “Divorce culture and marital gender equality: A cross-national study.” Gender and Society 19 (5): 644–659.