Economic and Social Reports
Most prevalent jobs of doctoral degree graduates by detailed field of study
by Marc Frenette and Tomasz Handler
Release date: September 25, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.25318/36280001202400900002-eng
Text begins
Although it is well established that higher levels of educational attainment are generally associated with higher lifetime earnings (Frenette, 2019), and that this varies considerably by field of study (Ostrovsky and Frenette, 2014), less is known about the actual jobs held by graduates of specific disciplines. Understanding the relationship between field of study and occupation is important, as the type of work one does can play a considerable role in overall job satisfaction.
To inform this issue, recent articles have examined the detailed occupations held by young graduates of specific disciplines among graduates with a bachelor’s degree (Frenette and Handler, 2023), a college or CEGEP certificate or diploma (Frenette and Handler, 2024a), and a master’s degree (Frenette and Handler, 2024b).
The purpose of this short article is to present results from the 2021 Census of Population for doctoral degree graduates.Note Note Only individuals who worked during the census reference week (May 2 to 8, 2021) and who completed a Canadian doctoral degree program are included. Note that the intention is to show the five most prevalent jobs based on the five-digit 2021 National Occupational Classification (NOC 2021) code for each six-digit 2021 Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP 2021) code, but some results had to be suppressed.Note In these instances, the data were aggregated at higher levels of the NOC 2021 in a sequential manner (four digits, three digits, etc.).Note While there are plenty of noteworthy results in the tables, the remainder of this article will simply highlight a few key observations. Readers are invited to examine the results based on their specific interests.
Doctoral programs are often designed to train graduates for academic jobs, and this was reflected in the data. Among the 56 disciplines for men, 36 of the most prevalent jobs and 15 of the second most prevalent jobs were university professors and lecturers. Among the 56 disciplines for women, the results were almost identical: 35 of the most prevalent jobs and 15 of the second most prevalent jobs were university professors and lecturers.
Among the disciplines most highly linked to university professors and lecturers, female doctoral graduates were generally less likely than their male counterparts to be employed as university professors and lecturers. For example, the five disciplines most highly linked to university professors and lecturers among women were business administration and management, general (68.7%); registered nursing/registered nurse (61.0%); social work, general (56.6%); mathematics, general (56.2%); and exercise science and kinesiology (52.7%). In contrast, the five disciplines most highly linked to university professors and lecturers among men were business/commerce, general (74.2%); finance, general (69.2%); exercise science and kinesiology (69.0%); business administration and management, general (68.7%); and communication, general (66.4%).
Many doctoral graduates also found other jobs in the post-secondary education sector, such as post-secondary teaching and research assistants or college and other vocational instructors.
Graduates from many programs could be found in a variety of jobs. For example, the most prevalent job among male doctoral graduates of medical science/scientist programs was general practitioners and family physicians (36.1%),Note followed by specialists in clinical and laboratory medicine (21.6%), specialists in surgery (10.3%), university professors and lecturers (6.4%), and biologists and related scientists (3.2%). Among female doctoral graduates of computer science programs, the most prevalent job was university professors and lecturers (29.5%), followed by software developers and programmers (18.1%); data scientists (10.9%); computer, software and Web designers and developers (10.0%); and computer and information systems professionals (9.0%).
These findings inform the decisions of students interested in pursuing a doctoral degree regarding the types of jobs they might expect to hold. While graduates in many doctoral programs land academic jobs, many graduates find jobs outside academia.
Authors
Marc Frenette and Tomasz Handler are with the Social Analysis and Modelling Division, Analytical Studies and Modelling Branch, at Statistics Canada.
Appendix
| Field of study (2021 Classification of Instructional Programs, primary grouping and subgrouping code and name) | Most prevalent occupations (2021 National Occupational Classification code, name and percentage) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First | Second | Third | Fourth | Fifth | |
Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population. |
|||||
| Education (primary grouping) | |||||
| 13.0101 Education, general | 41200 University professors and lecturers (40.0%) | 41220 Secondary school teachers (7.3%) | 40020 Administrators – post-secondary education and vocational training (5.4%) | 40021 School principals and administrators of elementary and secondary education (5.3%) | 41405 Education policy researchers, consultants and program officers (4.6%) |
| Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies (primary grouping) | |||||
| 50.0901 Music, general | 41200 University professors and lecturers (29.0%) | 51122 Musicians and singers (28.9%) | 4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services (17.1%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| Humanities (primary grouping) | |||||
| 16.0102 Linguistics | 41200 University professors and lecturers (50.3%) | 4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services (19.0%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| 23.0101 English language and literature, general | 41200 University professors and lecturers (45.0%) | 41210 College and other vocational instructors (18.9%) | 4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services (15.1%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| 23.1401 English literature, general | 41200 University professors and lecturers (49.6%) | 41210 College and other vocational instructors (11.4%) | 5111 Writing, translating and related communications professionals (9.6%) | 400 Managers in public administration, in education and social and community services and in public protection services (6.9%) | 41 Professional occupations in law, education, social, community and government services (9.4%) |
| 38.0101 Philosophy | 41200 University professors and lecturers (36.1%) | 41210 College and other vocational instructors (17.6%) | 5111 Writing, translating and related communications professionals (7.3%) | 412 Professional occupations in education services (5.7%) | 41 Professional occupations in law, education, social, community and government services (8.0%) |
| 38.0201 Religion/religious studies, general | 41200 University professors and lecturers (40.6%) | 41 Professional occupations in law, education, social, community and government services (27.0%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| 39.0601 Theology/theological studies | 41302 Religious leaders (41.6%) | 41200 University professors and lecturers (11.9%) | 412 Professional occupations in education services (11.8%) | 4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services (15.9%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| 54.0101 History, general | 41200 University professors and lecturers (40.3%) | 41210 College and other vocational instructors (6.4%) | 41409 Other professional occupations in social science (5.2%) | 5111 Writing, translating and related communications professionals (5.5%) | 4140 Policy and program researchers, consultants and officers (4.6%) |
| 55.1401 French literature, general | 41200 University professors and lecturers (42.0%) | 41210 College and other vocational instructors (29.5%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| Social and behavioural sciences and law (primary grouping) | |||||
| 09.0100 Communication, general | 41200 University professors and lecturers (66.4%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| 22.0201 Advanced legal research/studies, general | 41101 Lawyers and Quebec notaries (67.5%) | 41200 University professors and lecturers (8.8%) | 1002 Managers in financial and business services (2.3%) | 1120 Human resources and business service professionals (2.2%) | 412 Professional occupations in education services (1.9%) |
| 42.0101 Psychology, general | 31200 Psychologists (45.5%) | 41200 University professors and lecturers (30.7%) | 41210 College and other vocational instructors (2.4%) | 4140 Policy and program researchers, consultants and officers (2.8%) | 1120 Human resources and business service professionals (2.0%) |
| 42.2801 Clinical psychology | 31200 Psychologists (79.7%) | 41200 University professors and lecturers (10.9%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| 45.0201 Anthropology, general | 41200 University professors and lecturers (36.5%) | 4140 Policy and program researchers, consultants and officers (19.5%) | 41 Professional occupations in law, education, social, community and government services (16.4%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| 45.0601 Economics, general | 41200 University professors and lecturers (42.3%) | 41401 Economists and economic policy researchers and analysts (27.0%) | 4140 Policy and program researchers, consultants and officers (4.1%) | 412 Professional occupations in education services (5.7%) | 1 Business, finance and administration occupations (6.6%) |
| 45.0701 Geography | 41200 University professors and lecturers (45.4%) | 4140 Policy and program researchers, consultants and officers (12.1%) | 2110 Physical science professionals (7.5%) | 412 Professional occupations in education services (8.4%) | 21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences (9.7%) |
| 45.1001 Political science and government, general | 41200 University professors and lecturers (49.4%) | 41210 College and other vocational instructors (6.7%) | 41403 Social policy researchers, consultants and program officers (3.9%) | 4140 Policy and program researchers, consultants and officers (11.0%) | 0001 Legislative and senior managers (6.9%) |
| 45.1101 Sociology, general | 41200 University professors and lecturers (58.6%) | 41210 College and other vocational instructors (8.2%) | 41 Professional occupations in law, education, social, community and government services (8.2%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| Business, management and public administration (primary grouping) | |||||
| 52.0101 Business/commerce, general | 41200 University professors and lecturers (74.2%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| 52.0201 Business administration and management, general | 41200 University professors and lecturers (68.7%) | 4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services (11.6%) | 1 Business, finance and administration occupations (8.3%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| 52.0801 Finance, general | 41200 University professors and lecturers (69.2%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| Physical and life sciences and technologies (primary grouping) | |||||
| 26.0101 Biology/biological sciences, general | 41200 University professors and lecturers (33.3%) | 21110 Biologists and related scientists (22.7%) | 41201 Post-secondary teaching and research assistants (6.6%) | 41400 Natural and applied science policy researchers, consultants and program officers (5.6%) | 41210 College and other vocational instructors (3.8%) |
| 26.0202 Biochemistry | 41200 University professors and lecturers (28.3%) | 21101 Chemists (14.6%) | 41201 Post-secondary teaching and research assistants (10.2%) | 21110 Biologists and related scientists (7.1%) | 20011 Architecture and science managers (3.2%) |
| 26.0204 Molecular biology | 41200 University professors and lecturers (28.4%) | 41201 Post-secondary teaching and research assistants (13.1%) | 21110 Biologists and related scientists (10.7%) | 4140 Policy and program researchers, consultants and officers (9.3%) | 3 Health occupations (12.7%) |
| 26.0502 Microbiology, general | 21110 Biologists and related scientists (25.3%) | 41200 University professors and lecturers (22.1%) | 41 Professional occupations in law, education, social, community and government services (11.6%) | 2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations (14.7%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| 26.0507 Immunology | 21110 Biologists and related scientists (23.8%) | 41200 University professors and lecturers (15.4%) | 3110 Physicians and veterinarians (14.4%) | 41 Professional occupations in law, education, social, community and government services (12.4%) | 3 Health occupations (12.5%) |
| 26.0508 Microbiology and immunology | 21110 Biologists and related scientists (23.7%) | 41200 University professors and lecturers (20.8%) | 41 Professional occupations in law, education, social, community and government services (24.2%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| 26.0901 Physiology, general | 41200 University professors and lecturers (34.8%) | 3110 Physicians and veterinarians (15.5%) | 412 Professional occupations in education services (12.1%) | 2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations (10.5%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| 26.1001 Pharmacology | 41200 University professors and lecturers (21.8%) | 21110 Biologists and related scientists (13.3%) | 4140 Policy and program researchers, consultants and officers (9.0%) | 311 Health treating and consultation services professionals (15.8%) | 4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services (10.6%) |
| 26.1301 Ecology | 41200 University professors and lecturers (37.8%) | 21110 Biologists and related scientists (23.0%) | 4140 Policy and program researchers, consultants and officers (17.7%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| 26.1309 Epidemiology | 41200 University professors and lecturers (22.4%) | 21210 Mathematicians, statisticians and actuaries (17.7%) | 3110 Physicians and veterinarians (16.2%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| 26.1501 Neuroscience | 41200 University professors and lecturers (30.8%) | 21110 Biologists and related scientists (8.7%) | 41201 Post-secondary teaching and research assistants (6.4%) | 31102 General practitioners and family physicians (4.8%) | 31100 Specialists in clinical and laboratory medicine (4.5%) |
| 30.0101 Biological and physical sciences | 21110 Biologists and related scientists (23.0%) | 41200 University professors and lecturers (20.3%) | 41 Professional occupations in law, education, social, community and government services (15.9%) | 21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences (11.3%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| 40.0501 Chemistry, general | 21101 Chemists (25.5%) | 41200 University professors and lecturers (20.8%) | 20011 Architecture and science managers (5.8%) | 41201 Post-secondary teaching and research assistants (4.7%) | 41210 College and other vocational instructors (4.3%) |
| 40.0504 Organic chemistry | 21101 Chemists (33.4%) | 412 Professional occupations in education services (21.6%) | 2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations (18.3%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| 40.0601 Geology/Earth science, general | 21102 Geoscientists and oceanographers (40.1%) | 41200 University professors and lecturers (27.0%) | 41400 Natural and applied science policy researchers, consultants and program officers (5.9%) | 41201 Post-secondary teaching and research assistants (4.9%) | 21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences (6.2%) |
| 40.0801 Physics, general | 41200 University professors and lecturers (22.4%) | 21100 Physicists and astronomers (16.0%) | 21211 Data scientists (6.5%) | 41201 Post-secondary teaching and research assistants (5.8%) | 21232 Software developers and programmers (3.3%) |
| Mathematics, computer and information sciences (primary grouping) | |||||
| 11.0701 Computer science | 41200 University professors and lecturers (31.6%) | 21231 Software engineers and designers (12.1%) | 21232 Software developers and programmers (9.8%) | 21211 Data scientists (7.2%) | 20012 Computer and information systems managers (5.5%) |
| 27.0101 Mathematics, general | 41200 University professors and lecturers (42.5%) | 41210 College and other vocational instructors (10.3%) | 21211 Data scientists (8.0%) | 21210 Mathematicians, statisticians and actuaries (5.4%) | 2123 Computer, software and Web designers and developers (7.2%) |
| 27.0501 Statistics, general | 41200 University professors and lecturers (46.3%) | 21210 Mathematicians, statisticians and actuaries (12.3%) | 41 Professional occupations in law, education, social, community and government services (13.6%) | 21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences (13.3%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| Architecture, engineering and related trades (primary grouping) | |||||
| 14.0101 Engineering, general | 41200 University professors and lecturers (21.2%) | 21300 Civil engineers (10.9%) | 21310 Electrical and electronics engineers (6.4%) | 20010 Engineering managers (5.5%) | 00012 Senior managers - financial, communications and other business services (4.8%) |
| 14.0201 Aerospace, aeronautical and astronautical/space engineering, general | 41200 University professors and lecturers (23.3%) | 21390 Aerospace engineers (20.9%) | 21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences (22.4%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| 14.0501 Biomedical/medical engineering | 41200 University professors and lecturers (26.8%) | 21399 Other professional engineers (14.9%) | 2001 Managers in engineering, architecture, science and information systems (11.1%) | 212 Professional occupations in applied sciences (except engineering) (12.4%) | 41 Professional occupations in law, education, social, community and government services (9.8%) |
| 14.0701 Chemical engineering | 21320 Chemical engineers (29.6%) | 41200 University professors and lecturers (19.6%) | 41201 Post-secondary teaching and research assistants (6.3%) | 20010 Engineering managers (5.8%) | 2001 Managers in engineering, architecture, science and information systems (4.5%) |
| 14.0801 Civil engineering, general | 21300 Civil engineers (44.5%) | 41200 University professors and lecturers (20.5%) | 21331 Geological engineers (4.8%) | 41201 Post-secondary teaching and research assistants (3.9%) | 212 Professional occupations in applied sciences (except engineering) (4.5%) |
| 14.0901 Computer engineering, general | 41200 University professors and lecturers (31.9%) | 21311 Computer engineers (except software engineers and designers) (12.9%) | 21231 Software engineers and designers (12.3%) | 212 Professional occupations in applied sciences (except engineering) (19.2%) | 2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations (13.8%) |
| 14.1001 Electrical and electronics engineering | 21310 Electrical and electronics engineers (33.8%) | 41200 University professors and lecturers (20.5%) | 21311 Computer engineers (except software engineers and designers) (5.0%) | 41201 Post-secondary teaching and research assistants (4.9%) | 21231 Software engineers and designers (4.7%) |
| 14.1801 Materials engineering | 21322 Metallurgical and materials engineers (26.6%) | 41200 University professors and lecturers (13.7%) | 412 Professional occupations in education services (12.8%) | 21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences (24.2%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| 14.1901 Mechanical engineering | 21301 Mechanical engineers (31.0%) | 41200 University professors and lecturers (24.9%) | 41201 Post-secondary teaching and research assistants (7.3%) | 41210 College and other vocational instructors (4.0%) | 2001 Managers in engineering, architecture, science and information systems (4.8%) |
| 14.4701 Electrical and computer engineering | 41200 University professors and lecturers (22.8%) | 21310 Electrical and electronics engineers (15.0%) | 21231 Software engineers and designers (11.5%) | 21311 Computer engineers (except software engineers and designers) (8.1%) | 21232 Software developers and programmers (6.0%) |
| Health and related fields (primary grouping) | |||||
| 31.0505 Exercise science and kinesiology | 41200 University professors and lecturers (69.0%) | 4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services (13.7%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| 51.0101 Chiropractic | 31201 Chiropractors (87.6%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| 51.0502 Advanced general dentistry | 31110 Dentists (91.0%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| 51.1401 Medical science/scientist | 31102 General practitioners and family physicians (36.1%) | 31100 Specialists in clinical and laboratory medicine (21.6%) | 31101 Specialists in surgery (10.3%) | 41200 University professors and lecturers (6.4%) | 21110 Biologists and related scientists (3.2%) |
| 51.2001 Pharmacy | 31120 Pharmacists (82.8%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| 51.2205 Health/medical physics | 21100 Physicists and astronomers (36.7%) | 4120 University professors and post-secondary assistants (13.1%) | 21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences (13.3%) | 3 Health occupations (12.9%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| Field of study (2021 Classification of Instructional Programs, primary grouping and subgrouping code and name) | Most prevalent occupations (2021 National Occupational Classification code, name and percentage) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First | Second | Third | Fourth | Fifth | |
Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population. |
|||||
| Education (primary grouping) | |||||
| 13.0101 Education, general | 41200 University professors and lecturers (39.3%) | 41210 College and other vocational instructors (8.6%) | 41405 Education policy researchers, consultants and program officers (8.2%) | 40020 Administrators – post-secondary education and vocational training (6.8%) | 41221 Elementary school and kindergarten teachers (5.1%) |
| Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies (primary grouping) | |||||
| 50.0703 Art history, criticism and conservation | 41200 University professors and lecturers (41.7%) | 41 Professional occupations in law, education, social, community and government services (20.1%) | 5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport (20.0%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| 50.0901 Music, general | 41200 University professors and lecturers (32.0%) | 51122 Musicians and singers (20.9%) | 412 Professional occupations in education services (18.0%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| Humanities (primary grouping) | |||||
| 16.0102 Linguistics | 41200 University professors and lecturers (39.8%) | 4140 Policy and program researchers, consultants and officers (12.8%) | 412 Professional occupations in education services (11.0%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| 23.0101 English language and literature, general | 41200 University professors and lecturers (43.4%) | 41210 College and other vocational instructors (13.9%) | 5111 Writing, translating and related communications professionals (12.5%) | 41 Professional occupations in law, education, social, community and government services (9.4%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| 23.1401 English literature, general | 41200 University professors and lecturers (49.1%) | 41210 College and other vocational instructors (14.8%) | 5111 Writing, translating and related communications professionals (6.7%) | 41 Professional occupations in law, education, social, community and government services (9.3%) | 1 Business, finance and administration occupations (9.4%) |
| 38.0101 Philosophy | 41200 University professors and lecturers (44.2%) | 41210 College and other vocational instructors (11.0%) | 41 Professional occupations in law, education, social, community and government services (20.4%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| 54.0101 History, general | 41200 University professors and lecturers (36.4%) | 40020 Administrators - post-secondary education and vocational training (7.1%) | 4140 Policy and program researchers, consultants and officers (14.9%) | 5111 Writing, translating and related communications professionals (6.4%) | 412 Professional occupations in education services (9.1%) |
| 55.1401 French literature, general | 41200 University professors and lecturers (40.5%) | 41210 College and other vocational instructors (24.8%) | 5111 Writing, translating and related communications professionals (17.2%) | 4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services (12.6%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| Social and behavioural sciences and law (primary grouping) | |||||
| 09.0100 Communication, general | 41200 University professors and lecturers (43.4%) | 41 Professional occupations in law, education, social, community and government services (24.9%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| 19.0501 Foods, nutrition and wellness studies, general | 41200 University professors and lecturers (42.3%) | 41 Professional occupations in law, education, social, community and government services (20.3%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| 22.0201 Advanced legal research/studies, general | 41101 Lawyers and Quebec notaries (69.1%) | 41200 University professors and lecturers (11.7%) | 41403 Social policy researchers, consultants and program officers (2.6%) | 41 Professional occupations in law, education, social, community and government services (3.3%) | 1 Business, finance and administration occupations (5.5%) |
| 42.0101 Psychology, general | 31200 Psychologists (64.5%) | 41200 University professors and lecturers (14.7%) | 41210 College and other vocational instructors (2.7%) | 41301 Therapists in counselling and related specialized therapies (2.2%) | 41201 Post-secondary teaching and research assistants (1.9%) |
| 42.2801 Clinical psychology | 31200 Psychologists (84.6%) | 41200 University professors and lecturers (9.0%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| 42.2806 Educational psychology | 41200 University professors and lecturers (34.4%) | 4002 Managers in education (16.9%) | 4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services (19.7%) | 3 Health occupations (17.1%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| 42.9999 Psychology, other | 31200 Psychologists (91.9%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| 45.0201 Anthropology, general | 41200 University professors and lecturers (37.7%) | 4140 Policy and program researchers, consultants and officers (14.6%) | 412 Professional occupations in education services (12.4%) | 5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport (12.4%) | 1 Business, finance and administration occupations (11.4%) |
| 45.0601 Economics, general | 41200 University professors and lecturers (44.9%) | 41401 Economists and economic policy researchers and analysts (27.1%) | 1 Business, finance and administration occupations (10.4%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| 45.0701 Geography | 41200 University professors and lecturers (43.7%) | 4140 Policy and program researchers, consultants and officers (15.2%) | 412 Professional occupations in education services (12.9%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| 45.1001 Political science and government, general | 41200 University professors and lecturers (50.6%) | 41403 Social policy researchers, consultants and program officers (7.8%) | 4140 Policy and program researchers, consultants and officers (10.3%) | 412 Professional occupations in education services (7.2%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| 45.1101 Sociology, general | 41200 University professors and lecturers (47.5%) | 41210 College and other vocational instructors (6.8%) | 41201 Post-secondary teaching and research assistants (4.3%) | 4140 Policy and program researchers, consultants and officers (12.6%) | 4130 Social and community service professionals (4.5%) |
| Business, management and public administration (primary grouping) | |||||
| 44.0701 Social work, general | 41200 University professors and lecturers (56.6%) | 41300 Social workers (13.5%) | 4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services (24.2%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| 52.0201 Business administration and management, general | 41200 University professors and lecturers (68.7%) | 41 Professional occupations in law, education, social, community and government services (12.7%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| Physical and life sciences and technologies (primary grouping) | |||||
| 26.0101 Biology/biological sciences, general | 21110 Biologists and related scientists (23.5%) | 41200 University professors and lecturers (22.6%) | 41201 Post-secondary teaching and research assistants (10.0%) | 41400 Natural and applied science policy researchers, consultants and program officers (5.0%) | 0001 Legislative and senior managers (4.7%) |
| 26.0202 Biochemistry | 41200 University professors and lecturers (16.8%) | 21101 Chemists (16.5%) | 41201 Post-secondary teaching and research assistants (10.1%) | 21110 Biologists and related scientists (7.7%) | 4140 Policy and program researchers, consultants and officers (7.3%) |
| 26.0204 Molecular biology | 21110 Biologists and related scientists (20.4%) | 41200 University professors and lecturers (11.4%) | 412 Professional occupations in education services (12.6%) | 1 Business, finance and administration occupations (12.7%) | 3 Health occupations (11.5%) |
| 26.0406 Cell/cellular and molecular biology | 41201 Post-secondary teaching and research assistants (21.9%) | 21110 Biologists and related scientists (21.0%) | 41200 University professors and lecturers (19.5%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| 26.0502 Microbiology, general | 21110 Biologists and related scientists (28.1%) | 41200 University professors and lecturers (15.1%) | 41201 Post-secondary teaching and research assistants (10.8%) | 41 Professional occupations in law, education, social, community and government services (19.3%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| 26.0507 Immunology | 21110 Biologists and related scientists (27.7%) | 41200 University professors and lecturers (16.2%) | 412 Professional occupations in education services (12.1%) | 4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services (13.9%) | 3 Health occupations (12.1%) |
| 26.0901 Physiology, general | 41200 University professors and lecturers (27.1%) | 21110 Biologists and related scientists (15.2%) | 311 Health treating and consultation services professionals (12.8%) | 41 Professional occupations in law, education, social, community and government services (18.0%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| 26.1001 Pharmacology | 41200 University professors and lecturers (22.0%) | 21110 Biologists and related scientists (21.8%) | 311 Health treating and consultation services professionals (15.9%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| 26.1301 Ecology | 21110 Biologists and related scientists (42.9%) | 41200 University professors and lecturers (22.5%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| 26.1309 Epidemiology | 21210 Mathematicians, statisticians and actuaries (26.7%) | 41200 University professors and lecturers (23.7%) | 41201 Post-secondary teaching and research assistants (11.2%) | 3110 Physicians and veterinarians (9.9%) | 41 Professional occupations in law, education, social, community and government services (7.6%) |
| 26.1501 Neuroscience | 41200 University professors and lecturers (26.2%) | 41201 Post-secondary teaching and research assistants (12.0%) | 41404 Health policy researchers, consultants and program officers (6.3%) | 21110 Biologists and related scientists (6.0%) | 31100 Specialists in clinical and laboratory medicine (5.0%) |
| 30.0101 Biological and physical sciences | 21110 Biologists and related scientists (17.7%) | 41200 University professors and lecturers (15.4%) | 41 Professional occupations in law, education, social, community and government services (21.2%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| 40.0501 Chemistry, general | 41200 University professors and lecturers (20.5%) | 21101 Chemists (17.8%) | 20011 Architecture and science managers (6.5%) | 41210 College and other vocational instructors (6.3%) | 41201 Post-secondary teaching and research assistants (6.2%) |
| 40.0601 Geology/Earth science, general | 21102 Geoscientists and oceanographers (25.8%) | 41200 University professors and lecturers (25.1%) | 41201 Post-secondary teaching and research assistants (15.4%) | 2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations (12.6%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| 40.0801 Physics, general | 41200 University professors and lecturers (20.1%) | 21100 Physicists and astronomers (14.0%) | 412 Professional occupations in education services (17.5%) | 21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences (14.6%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| Mathematics, computer and information sciences (primary grouping) | |||||
| 11.0701 Computer science | 41200 University professors and lecturers (29.5%) | 21232 Software developers and programmers (18.1%) | 21211 Data scientists (10.9%) | 2123 Computer, software and Web designers and developers (10.0%) | 2122 Computer and information systems professionals (9.0%) |
| 27.0101 Mathematics, general | 41200 University professors and lecturers (56.2%) | 212 Professional occupations in applied sciences (except engineering) (14.5%) | 41 Professional occupations in law, education, social, community and government services (12.1%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| 27.0501 Statistics, general | 41200 University professors and lecturers (46.0%) | 21210 Mathematicians, statisticians and actuaries (17.2%) | 4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services (16.7%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| Architecture, engineering and related trades (primary grouping) | |||||
| 14.0101 Engineering, general | 41200 University professors and lecturers (17.0%) | 21300 Civil engineers (14.5%) | 213 Professional occupations in engineering (14.2%) | 212 Professional occupations in applied sciences (except engineering) (13.4%) | 41 Professional occupations in law, education, social, community and government services (15.9%) |
| 14.0501 Biomedical/medical engineering | 41200 University professors and lecturers (34.0%) | 21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences (23.3%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| 14.0701 Chemical engineering | 21320 Chemical engineers (24.4%) | 41200 University professors and lecturers (19.5%) | 20010 Engineering managers (9.4%) | 211 Professional occupations in natural sciences (8.9%) | 41 Professional occupations in law, education, social, community and government services (11.2%) |
| 14.0801 Civil engineering, general | 21300 Civil engineers (38.4%) | 41200 University professors and lecturers (30.2%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| 14.1001 Electrical and electronics engineering | 21310 Electrical and electronics engineers (28.3%) | 41200 University professors and lecturers (19.2%) | 21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences (17.3%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| 14.1901 Mechanical engineering | 41200 University professors and lecturers (31.9%) | 21301 Mechanical engineers (21.9%) | 212 Professional occupations in applied sciences (except engineering) (15.4%) | 41 Professional occupations in law, education, social, community and government services (15.8%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| Agriculture, natural resources and conservation (primary grouping) | |||||
| 01.8101 Veterinary sciences/veterinary clinical sciences, general | 31103 Veterinarians (68.2%) | 41 Professional occupations in law, education, social, community and government services (15.7%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| Health and related fields (primary grouping) | |||||
| 31.0505 Exercise science and kinesiology | 41200 University professors and lecturers (52.7%) | 41 Professional occupations in law, education, social, community and government services (16.2%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| 51.0000 Health services/allied health/health sciences, general | 41200 University professors and lecturers (25.3%) | 4140 Policy and program researchers, consultants and officers (11.0%) | 41 Professional occupations in law, education, social, community and government services (13.4%) | 31 Professional occupations in health (12.0%) | 3 Health occupations (16.0%) |
| 51.0101 Chiropractic | 31201 Chiropractors (92.3%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| 51.0502 Advanced general dentistry | 31110 Dentists (88.6%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| 51.1401 Medical science/scientist | 31102 General practitioners and family physicians (42.8%) | 31100 Specialists in clinical and laboratory medicine (20.1%) | 41200 University professors and lecturers (8.3%) | 31101 Specialists in surgery (3.9%) | 21110 Biologists and related scientists (3.4%) |
| 51.2001 Pharmacy | 31120 Pharmacists (82.2%) | 41200 University professors and lecturers (3.6%) | 3 Health occupations (4.1%) | 4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services (3.5%) | 1 Business, finance and administration occupations (3.2%) |
| 51.2201 Public health, general | 41200 University professors and lecturers (30.7%) | 4140 Policy and program researchers, consultants and officers (17.7%) | 412 Professional occupations in education services (12.0%) | 21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences (16.4%) | 3 Health occupations (12.0%) |
| 51.2314 Rehabilitation science | 41200 University professors and lecturers (51.1%) | 31 Professional occupations in health (20.2%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
| 51.3801 Registered nursing/registered nurse | 41200 University professors and lecturers (61.0%) | 31301 Registered nurses and registered psychiatric nurses (12.8%) | 41210 College and other vocational instructors (7.6%) | 4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services (11.2%) | x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act |
References
Bonikowska, A., K. Frank, and M. Frenette. 2022. Occupational profile and work tasks of Canadian PhDs: Gender and field of study differences. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 36-28-0001. Economic and Social Reports, 2 (12).
Frenette, M. 2019. Are the Career Prospects of Postsecondary Graduates Improving? Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11F0019M. Analytical Studies Branch Research Paper Series, no. 415.
Frenette, M. and T. Handler. 2023. Most Prevalent Jobs of Young Bachelor’s Degree Graduates by Detailed Field of Study. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 36-28-0001. Economic and Social Reports, 3 (12).
Frenette, M. and T. Handler. 2024a. Most Prevalent Jobs of Young College and CEGEP Certificate and Diploma Graduates by Detailed Field of Study. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 36-28-0001. Economic and Social Reports, 4 (7).
Frenette, M. and T. Handler. 2024b. Most Prevalent Jobs of Master’s Degree Graduates by Detailed Field of Study. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 36-28-0001. Economic and Social Reports, 4 (8).
Ostrovsky, Y. and M. Frenette. 2014. The Cumulative Earnings of Postsecondary Graduates Over 20 Years: Results by Field of Study. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-626-X. Economic Insights, no. 40.
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