Employment and unemployment

Description: Number of unemployed persons by activity prior to unemployment, sex and age group, last 5 months.

Description: Number of unemployed persons and persons not in the labour force by reason for leaving job during previous year, sex and age group, last 5 months.

Description: Number of persons not in the labour force by reason for not looking for work, sex and age group, last 5 months.

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Unemployment rate and employment rate by type of student during summer months, sex and age group, last 5 months. Data are also available for the standard error of the estimate and the standard error of the year-over-year change.

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Number of persons in the labour force (employment and unemployment) and not in the labour force, unemployment rate, participation rate and employment rate by type of student during summer months, sex and age group. Data are presented for 24 months earlier, 12 months earlier and current month, as well as 24-month and year-over-year level change and percentage change.

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Number of persons in the labour force (employment and unemployment) and not in the labour force, unemployment rate, participation rate and employment rate by province, type of student during summer months, sex, and age group. Data are presented for 24 months earlier, 12 months earlier and current month, as well as 24-month and year-over-year level change and percentage change.

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Number of persons in the labour force (employment and unemployment) and not in the labour force, unemployment rate, participation rate, and employment rate, by sex and detailed age group, last 5 months.

Description: Number of persons in the labour force (employment and unemployment) and not in the labour force, unemployment rate, participation rate, and employment rate, by sex and detailed age group. Data are presented for 24 months earlier, 12 months earlier and current month, as well as 24-month and year-over-year level change and percentage change.

Description: Number of persons in the labour force (employment and unemployment) and not in the labour force, unemployment rate, participation rate, and employment rate, by educational attainment, sex and age group, last 5 months.

Description: Number of persons in the labour force (employment and unemployment) and not in the labour force, unemployment rate, participation rate, and employment rate, by census metropolitan area, sex and age group, last 5 months.

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Number of employees by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) and census metropolitan area, last 5 months.

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Number of persons in the labour force (employment and unemployment), unemployment rate, participation rate and employment rate by census metropolitan area. Data are presented for 12 months earlier, previous month and current month, as well as year-over-year and month-to-month level change and percentage change. Data are also available for the standard error of the estimate, the standard error of the month-to-month change and the standard error of the year-over-year change.

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Number of persons in the labour force (employment and unemployment), unemployment rate, participation rate and employment rate by census metropolitan area. Data are presented for 12 months earlier, previous month and current month, as well as year-over-year and month-to-month level change and percentage change. Data are also available for the standard error of the estimate, the standard error of the month-to-month change and the standard error of the year-over-year change.

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Number of persons in the labour force (employment and unemployment), unemployment rate, participation rate and employment rate by Montréal, Toronto and Vancouver census metropolitan areas. Data are presented for 12 months earlier, previous month and current month, as well as year-over-year and month-to-month level change and percentage change. Data are also available for the standard error of the estimate, the standard error of the month-tomonth change and the standard error of the year-over-year change.

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Number of persons in the labour force (employment and unemployment), unemployment rate, participation rate and employment rate by Montréal, Toronto and Vancouver census metropolitan areas, last 5 months. Data are also available for the standard error of the estimate, the standard error of the month-to-month change and the standard error of the year-over-year change.

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Number of persons in the labour force (employment and unemployment) and not in the labour force, unemployment rate, participation rate and employment rate by economic region, last 5 months. Data are also available for the standard error of the estimate and the standard error of the year-over-year change.

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Number of persons in the labour force (employment and unemployment) and not in the labour force, unemployment rate, participation rate and employment rate by economic region, last 5 months. Data are also available for the standard error of the estimate and the standard error of the year-over-year change.

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Number of employees by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), province and economic region, last 5 months.

Description: Labour force characteristic estimates by age group, sex, family age composition, province, and family type, last 5 months.

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Current trends in marriage and fertility patterns suggest that young Canadian women are delaying family formation and concentrating on developing their careers. Using data from the 1998 Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics, this study provides Canadian evidence on the effect of marital status and parenthood status on the wage rates of Canadian women. As well, this paper attempts to determine whether decisions regarding the timing of family formation influence the wages of women and whether these decisions have a permanent or temporary impact on earnings. The main results of the paper are as follows.

After controlling for differences in work history, labour force qualifications and selected job characteristics, the cross sectional analysis suggests that there is no association between marital status and wages while the evidence on the relationship between wages and motherhood is mixed.

When controls for years with children were included, there is a positive association of motherhood with wages that persists in the early years of motherhood but declines as the number of years with children lengthens. These results support the specialization, selection, differential treatment by employers and the work effort explanations for differences in the wages of mothers relative to other women. There is no such finding for married women and the duration of marriage.

It is a well-documented fact that the acquisition of job-related skills and significant wage growth is concentrated at the start of workers' careers - which generally coincides with decisions regarding marriage and children. If this is the case, then the timing of marriage and children may be considered proxies for omitted, unobserved characteristics, related to human capital skills, differentiated work history or labour force attachment. Conforming to theoretical expectations when the timing of children is taken into account, women that postpone having children earn at least 6.0% more than women who have children early. There is no significant association between the timing of marriage and wages.

The observed relationship between women's wages and their decision to delay having children tends to persist after the birth of their first child but tends to decline over time. Thus, augmented family responsibilities will tend to reduce any initial wage differentials based on delays of assuming these responsibilities.

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This analysis bulletin, the twenty-fourth profiling trends in rural Canada, uses survey data to reveal the seasonal pattern of employment in rural Canada from 1996 to 2000. It is published in collaboration with the Rural Secretariat of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. A higher seasonal variation in employment exists in rural areas compared with urban areas, and is spread throughout virtually all industrial sectors. The lower industrial productivity and reduced wages that likely result present a particular challenge for developing and revitalizing rural areas. This bulleting is useful for researchers and decision-makers who need information on employment seasonality in rural Canada to create appropriate economic strategies.

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This paper reviews principal definitions and boundary and classification issues for the nonprofit sector.

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This paper examines the Canadian labour market during the 1990s and contrasts it to prior decades, with a special focus on distributional outcomes. It discusses changes in relative earnings between groups, changes in relative labour market outcomes of women and older workers, changes in earnings and income inequality, and changes in low-income.

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This study compares the pattern of returns to the education required by an individual's job, including education beyond and below that level, to patterns in other countries. It explores the relationship between literacy skills and the educational requirements of an individual's job.

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Most analyses of part-time work naturally focus on employed persons, but the Labour Force Survey also asks the unemployed whether they are seeking a full- or part-time job. This article looks at trends in job seeking between 1976 and 2000, and the contribution of demographic and other factors to changes in the overall shares of the two groups of seekers.

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Information and communication technologies (ICTs) represent both a "problem" and an "opportunity" for rural Canadians. On the one hand, rural employment levels are diminished as more services are supplied to rural Canadians by ICTs - the ubiquitous ATMs (automatic teller machines) are one example. On the other hand, ICTs, and particularly the Internet, provide easier access for rural Canadians to target urban markets and provide urban consumers with easier access to rural goods and services of human capital. In addition, characteristics of migrating youth are discussed as youth can be seen as an indicator of the state of rural areas and are a key factor in rural development. The understanding of the patterns of migration may give rise to solutions for the retention of human capital in rural and small town areas and the promotion of rural development.

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This study examines provincial differences in productivity (GDP per job) using decomposition and regression analysis. In the first stage of the study, the relative size of productivity differences across provinces is examined. Then, these differences are decomposed into two components - the first is the portion of the difference that arises from industry-mix, and the second is due to "real" productivity differences at the industry level. The paper also examines the contributions of the "new" and "old" economy sectors to differences in provincial productivity. Finally, regression analysis is performed in order to determine the statistical significance of interprovincial productivity differences. The paper finds that British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Ontario and Quebec do not differ significantly from another in terms of GDP per job after differences in industry mix are considered. Manitoba and the Atlantic Provinces lag behind the others. Most of the difference in the latter two cases stems from "real" differences at the industry level rather than from the effect of differences in industry mix. The Natural Resources sector plays an important role in bolstering the performance of Alberta and Saskatchewan.

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This paper documents the changing geography of the Canadian manufacturing sector over a twenty-two year period (1976-1997). It does so by looking at the shifts in employment, as well as other measures of industrial change, across different levels of the rural/urban hierarchy - central cities, adjacent suburbs, medium and small cities, and rural areas.

The analysis demonstrates that the most dramatic shifts in manufacturing employment were from the central cities of large metropolitan regions to their suburbs. Paralleling trends in the United States, rural regions of Canada have increased their share of manufacturing employment. Rising rural employment shares were due to declining employment shares of small cities and, to lesser degree, large urban regions. Increasing rural employment was particularly prominent in Quebec, where employment shifted away from the Montreal region. By way of contrast, Ontario's rural regions only maintained their share of employment and the Toronto region increased its share of provincial employment over the period. The changing fortunes of rural and urban areas was not the result of across-the-board shifts in manufacturing employment, but was the net outcome of differing locational patterns across industries.

Change across the rural/urban hierarchy is also measured in terms of wage and productivity levels, diversity, and volatility. In contrast to the United States, wages and productivity in Canada do not consistently decline moving down the rural/urban hierarchy from the largest cities to the most rural parts of the country. Only after controlling for the types of manufacturing industries found in rural and urban regions is it apparent that wages and productivity decline with the size of place. The analysis also demonstrates that over time most rural and urban regions are diversifying across a wider variety of manufacturing industries and that shifts in employment shares across industries - a measure of economic instability - has for some rural/urban classifications increased modestly.

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Recent research has suggested that investment has shifted from urban areas to more rural locales. However, Canadian manufacturing remains predominantly an urban activity with more than 40% of manufacturing employment located in Canada's three largest urban regions. This paper examines the changing manufacturing landscapes of Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver and outlines the shifts in industry mix, employment, and wage levels that have taken place over the period between 1976 and 1997. The analysis uses a longitudinal plant-level database based upon the Annual Survey of Manufactures conducted by Statistics Canada.

Toronto and Vancouver both experience growth in the manufacturing sector, while Montreal experiences decline driven by differences in their industrial structure. Manufacturing activity has increased in a number of sectors of Toronto's economy, but has been particularly influenced by the growing automotive sector that ties the city to a large North American market. Montreal has experienced declines across most of the manufacturing industries. A heavy concentration of employment in labour intensive industries such as textiles and clothing, which have experienced severe declines across Canada, has amplified the level of decline in Montreal. However, Montreal has seen some growth in science-based industries. While Vancouver's manufacturing economy is much smaller in absolute terms, maintaining slightly less than a 5% share of national manufacturing employment, it has exhibited higher levels of long-run growth and restructuring than its eastern counterparts.

A second focus of the paper is to explore the relationship between economic volatility and diversity in the manufacturing sector using a number of statistical measures. Toronto and Montreal have diverse industrial structures, although each has become slightly more concentrated over the study period. In Montreal, this is due to the increasing importance of other industries, as the clothing and textiles industry declines. In Toronto, this can be attributed to the increased importance of the food and transportation equipment industries. Vancouver has become increasingly diversified over the study period, reflecting the growth and dynamism of this sector. The mature manufacturing economies of Toronto and Montreal exhibit lower levels of volatility than their western counterpart.

Description: The Longitudinal Employment Analysis Program (LEAP) is a database that contains annual employment information for each employer business in Canada, starting with the 1983 reference year.

Description: The objective of this program is to provide data on employment (number of employees, wages and salaries) in the public sector, i.e. the federal, provincial, territorial and local general governments, health and social service institutions, universities, colleges, vocational and trade institutions, school boards, and government business enterprises.

Description: This survey is an establishment census survey designed to gather data on employment, payrolls and paid-hours from larger employers (companies or establishments of 20 or more employees).

Description: The Help-wanted Index measures changes in the demand for labour relative to a base-year.

Description: The Survey of Employment, Payrolls and Hours provides a monthly portrait of the amount of earnings, as well as the number of jobs (i.e., occupied positions) and hours worked by detailed industry at the national, provincial and territorial levels.

Description: This survey is conducted to collect statistical information on employment trends in information technology (IT) occupations.

Description: The Employment Dynamics is a compilation of statistical tables on employment, payroll and the number of businesses with employees for Canada, the provinces and territories.