Education, training and skills
Key indicators
Selected geographical area: Canada
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Percentage of adults aged 25 to 64 with a college or university credential - Canada
(2021 Census of Population)57.5% -
Percentage of adults aged 25 to 64 with a bachelor’s degree or higher - Canada
(2021 Census of Population)32.9%
More education, training and skills indicators
Selected geographical area: Canada
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Percentage point change in adults aged 25 to 64 with a bachelor’s degree or higher - Canada
(2016 to 2021)4.3(period-to-period change) -
Overqualification rate of immigrants aged 25 to 64 with a degree completed outside Canada - Canada
(2021 Census of Population)25.8%
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- Census of Population (45)
- National Household Survey (19)
- Postsecondary Student Information System (7)
- Longitudinal Immigration Database (4)
- Annual Income Estimates for Census Families and Individuals (T1 Family File) (2)
- Survey of Earned Doctorates (1)
- Labour Force Survey (1)
- Adult Education and Training Survey (1)
- Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (1)
- Ontario Adult Literacy Survey (1)
- Programme for International Student Assessment (1)
- Canadian Employer-Employee Dynamics Database (1)
Results
All (111)
All (111) (0 to 10 of 111 results)
- Table: 98-10-0641-01Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area partFrequency: OccasionalUniverse: Persons in private households in occupied private dwellings, 2021, 2016, 2011 and 2006 censuses — 25% Sample dataVariable list: Highest certificate, diploma or degree (7A), Gender (3a), Age (15A), First official language spoken (5), Immigrant and generation status (9), Visible minority (15), Percent, Census year (4)Description: Highest certificate, diploma or degree by visible minority and selected characteristics (age group, gender, first official language spoken, immigrant status, period of immigration, generation status), for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas with parts.Release date: 2024-03-26
- Table: 98-10-0648-01Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area partFrequency: OccasionalUniverse: Persons in private households in occupied private dwellings, 2021 and 2016 censuses — 25% Sample dataVariable list: Visible minority (15), Gender (3a), Age (6), First official language spoken (5), Immigrant and generation status (7), Census year (2), Youth not in employment, education or training (1)Description: Youth not in education, employment or training by visible minority and selected characteristics (age group, gender, first official language spoken, immigrant and generation status), for the population aged 15 to 29 years old in private households in Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts.Release date: 2024-03-26
- Table: 98-10-0650-01Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area partFrequency: OccasionalUniverse: Persons in private households in occupied private dwellings, 2021, 2016 and 2011 censuses — 25% Sample dataVariable list: Highest certificate, diploma or degree and location of study (24), Gender (3a), Age (15A), First official language spoken (5), Immigrant and generation status (10), Occupation - (NOC) 2016 - Skill-level category (1), Census year (3), Visible minority (15)Description: Overqualification (based on skill level C and D) by visible minority and selected characteristics (age group, gender, first official language spoken, immigrant status, period of immigration, generation status and highest certificate, diploma or degree), for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts.Release date: 2024-03-26
- Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202301100001Description: The fast-growing number of international students have generated strong public interest and concerns about their impacts on Canada’s educational institutions, labour market, and affordable housing. Fully understanding such impacts requires better knowledge of their school enrollment and labour force participation. Using temporary resident permit data from the Longitudinal Immigration Database and tax data from the Longitudinal Worker File, this article sheds light on the activities and sociodemographic characteristics of postsecondary study permit holders who were not enrolled in publicly funded postsecondary education institutions.Release date: 2023-11-22
- Table: 37-10-0184-01Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territoryFrequency: AnnualDescription: The number of postsecondary enrolments, by status of student in Canada, country of citizenship, Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016, Cannabis STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) and BHASE (business, humanities, health, arts, social science and education) groupings, International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED), institution type and gender.Release date: 2023-11-22
- Table: 37-10-0184-02Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territoryFrequency: AnnualDescription: The number of postsecondary international student enrolments, by country of citizenship, Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016, Cannabis STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) and BHASE (business, humanities, health, arts, social science and education) groupings, International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED), institution type and gender.Release date: 2023-11-22
- Table: 37-10-0185-01Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territoryFrequency: AnnualDescription:
The number of postsecondary graduates, by status of student in Canada, country of citizenship, Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016, Cannabis STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) and BHASE (business, humanities, health, arts, social science and education) groupings, International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED), institution type and gender.
Release date: 2023-11-22 - Table: 37-10-0185-02Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territoryFrequency: AnnualDescription:
The number of postsecondary international student graduates, by country of citizenship, Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016, Cannabis STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) and BHASE (business, humanities, health, arts, social science and education) groupings, International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED), institution type and gender.
Release date: 2023-11-22 - Table: 98-10-0436-01Geography: Canada, Province or territory, Census division, Census subdivisionFrequency: OccasionalUniverse: Population aged 15 years and over in private households, 2021 Census — 25% Sample dataVariable list: Highest certificate, diploma or degree (7), Statistics (3), Gender (3), Age (15A), Labour force status (8), Immigrant status (4), Visible minority (15)Description: Employment, unemployment and labour force participation rates of visible minority groups by educational characteristics, for census divisions and large municipalities.Release date: 2023-10-04
- 10. The effect of parents’ education and income on the educational attainment of childhood immigrantsArticles and reports: 36-28-0001202300900002Description: Many immigrants move to countries such as Canada in part to provide better educational and economic opportunities for their children. For its part, Canada also looks to immigrants and their children to provide higher-level skills to the labour market. This paper examines the effect of the mother’s and father’s education on the likelihood of a childhood immigrant who arrived in Canada at age 17 or younger, completing postsecondary education. The paper further determines whether there is significant variation in these relationships among immigrants from different source regions.Release date: 2023-09-27
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Data (55)
Data (55) (0 to 10 of 55 results)
- Table: 98-10-0641-01Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area partFrequency: OccasionalUniverse: Persons in private households in occupied private dwellings, 2021, 2016, 2011 and 2006 censuses — 25% Sample dataVariable list: Highest certificate, diploma or degree (7A), Gender (3a), Age (15A), First official language spoken (5), Immigrant and generation status (9), Visible minority (15), Percent, Census year (4)Description: Highest certificate, diploma or degree by visible minority and selected characteristics (age group, gender, first official language spoken, immigrant status, period of immigration, generation status), for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas with parts.Release date: 2024-03-26
- Table: 98-10-0648-01Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area partFrequency: OccasionalUniverse: Persons in private households in occupied private dwellings, 2021 and 2016 censuses — 25% Sample dataVariable list: Visible minority (15), Gender (3a), Age (6), First official language spoken (5), Immigrant and generation status (7), Census year (2), Youth not in employment, education or training (1)Description: Youth not in education, employment or training by visible minority and selected characteristics (age group, gender, first official language spoken, immigrant and generation status), for the population aged 15 to 29 years old in private households in Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts.Release date: 2024-03-26
- Table: 98-10-0650-01Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area partFrequency: OccasionalUniverse: Persons in private households in occupied private dwellings, 2021, 2016 and 2011 censuses — 25% Sample dataVariable list: Highest certificate, diploma or degree and location of study (24), Gender (3a), Age (15A), First official language spoken (5), Immigrant and generation status (10), Occupation - (NOC) 2016 - Skill-level category (1), Census year (3), Visible minority (15)Description: Overqualification (based on skill level C and D) by visible minority and selected characteristics (age group, gender, first official language spoken, immigrant status, period of immigration, generation status and highest certificate, diploma or degree), for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts.Release date: 2024-03-26
- Table: 37-10-0184-01Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territoryFrequency: AnnualDescription: The number of postsecondary enrolments, by status of student in Canada, country of citizenship, Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016, Cannabis STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) and BHASE (business, humanities, health, arts, social science and education) groupings, International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED), institution type and gender.Release date: 2023-11-22
- Table: 37-10-0184-02Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territoryFrequency: AnnualDescription: The number of postsecondary international student enrolments, by country of citizenship, Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016, Cannabis STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) and BHASE (business, humanities, health, arts, social science and education) groupings, International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED), institution type and gender.Release date: 2023-11-22
- Table: 37-10-0185-01Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territoryFrequency: AnnualDescription:
The number of postsecondary graduates, by status of student in Canada, country of citizenship, Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016, Cannabis STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) and BHASE (business, humanities, health, arts, social science and education) groupings, International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED), institution type and gender.
Release date: 2023-11-22 - Table: 37-10-0185-02Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territoryFrequency: AnnualDescription:
The number of postsecondary international student graduates, by country of citizenship, Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016, Cannabis STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) and BHASE (business, humanities, health, arts, social science and education) groupings, International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED), institution type and gender.
Release date: 2023-11-22 - Table: 98-10-0436-01Geography: Canada, Province or territory, Census division, Census subdivisionFrequency: OccasionalUniverse: Population aged 15 years and over in private households, 2021 Census — 25% Sample dataVariable list: Highest certificate, diploma or degree (7), Statistics (3), Gender (3), Age (15A), Labour force status (8), Immigrant status (4), Visible minority (15)Description: Employment, unemployment and labour force participation rates of visible minority groups by educational characteristics, for census divisions and large municipalities.Release date: 2023-10-04
- Table: 98-10-0365-01Geography: Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census agglomeration, Census metropolitan area part, Census agglomeration partFrequency: OccasionalUniverse: Population aged 15 years and over in private households, 2021 Census — 25% Sample dataVariable list: Income statistics (17), Highest certificate, diploma or degree (15), Immigrant status and period of immigration (11), Work activity during the reference year (4A), Age (6B), Gender (3), Knowledge of official languages (5)Description: Data on knowledge of official languages by income statistics, highest certificate, diploma or degree, immigrant status and period of immigration, work activity during the reference year, age and gender for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts.Release date: 2023-06-21
- Table: 98-10-0398-01Geography: Canada, Province or territory, Census division, Census subdivisionFrequency: OccasionalUniverse: Population aged 15 years and over in private households, 2021 Census — 25% Sample dataVariable list: Statistics (6B), Gender (3), Age (15A), Selected sociocultural characteristics (28), Apprenticeship certificate (3)Description: Number and percent distribution of population with an apprenticeship certificate, regardless of other credentials completed. Includes data on Indigenous populations, racialized groups and immigrants.Release date: 2023-06-21
Analysis (56)
Analysis (56) (40 to 50 of 56 results)
- Articles and reports: 81-004-X201000611405Description:
This article uses data from the Postsecondary Student Information System (PSIS) to draw a portrait of the changing make-up of international students enrolled in Canadian universities on either a part-time or full-time basis over the 1992 to 2008 period. This portrait shows how different international students are today compared to their counterparts in the early 1990s by examining changes that are evident in their university program levels and fields of study, age and gender composition, source countries and destinations within Canada.
Release date: 2011-02-24 - 42. Reversal of Fortunes or Continued Success? Cohort Differences in Education and Earnings of Childhood Immigrants ArchivedArticles and reports: 11F0019M2011330Geography: CanadaDescription:
Current knowledge about the favourable socioeconomic attainment (in education and earnings) among children of immigrants is based on the experiences of those individuals whose immigrant parents came to Canada before the 1970s. Since then, successive cohorts of adult immigrants have experienced deteriorating entry earnings. This has raised questions about whether the outcomes of their children have changed over time. This study shows that successive cohorts of childhood immigrants who arrived in Canada at age 12 or younger during the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s had increasingly higher educational attainment (as measured by the share with university degrees) than their Canadian-born peers by age 25 to 34. Conditional on education and other background characteristics, male childhood immigrants who arrived in the 1960s earned less than the Canadian-born comparison group, but the two subsequent cohorts had similar earnings as the comparison group. Female childhood immigrants earned as much as the Canadian-born comparison group, except for the 1980s cohort, which earned more.
Release date: 2011-01-25 - Articles and reports: 81-595-M2010084Geography: CanadaDescription:
The successful integration of immigrants into the Canadian labour market is of interest to Canadian public policy and to current and potential immigrants, alike. Using data from the 2006 Census of Population, this report aims to develop a better understanding of the integration of internationally-trained educated immigrants into the Canadian labour market compared to those (Canadian-born or other immigrants) who completed their education in Canada i.e., Are they working in an occupation related to their field of study or in an equivalent occupation? What are their working conditions and earnings? In doing so, this report presents a socio-demographic profile of internationally-educated immigrants upon their arrival in Canada and examines their labour market outcomes by time elapsed since landing.
Release date: 2010-09-09 - 44. Immigrant Characteristics, the IT Bust, and Their Effect on Entry Earnings of Immigrants ArchivedArticles and reports: 11F0019M2008315Geography: CanadaDescription:
Using administrative data, this paper asks (1) whether the changing characteristics of immigrants, notably the rise in the share with university education and in the "skilled economic" immigrant class, contributed positively to immigrant entry earnings during the 1990s, and (2) whether the entry earnings of immigrants improved after 2000, and if not, why not.
We find that, through the 1990s, the rising number of entering immigrants with university degrees and in the skilled economic class did little to improve earnings at the bottom of the earnings distribution (and reduce poverty rates among entering immigrants), but the changes did increase earnings among immigrants at the middle and top of the earnings distribution. The increasing numbers of highly educated at the bottom of the earnings distribution were unable to convert their education and "skilled class" designation to higher earnings: they found themselves with low incomes. These outcomes may be related to language, credentialism, education quality, or supply issues, as discussed in the paper.
We find that from 2000 to 2004, the entry earnings of immigrants renewed their slide, but for reasons that differed from the standard explanations of the earlier decline. Much of the fall after 2000 was concentrated among immigrants intending to practice in the information technology (IT) or engineering occupations. This coincided with the IT downturn, which appears to have significantly affected outcomes for these immigrants, particularly the men. Following the significant increase in supply in response to the call for more high-tech workers in the late 1990s, the large numbers of entering immigrants were faced with the IT downturn.
Release date: 2009-04-30 - 45. Immigrants education and required job skills ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X200811210766Geography: CanadaDescription:
During the 1991 to 2006 period, the proportion of immigrants with a university degree in jobs with low educational requirements increased, not only among recent immigrants but also among established ones. The increases for established immigrants suggest that the difficulties, which have long plagued recent immigrants, are not necessarily temporary. Changes in the profile of established immigrants - particularly language and country of origin - accounted for only a quarter of the deterioration for established immigrants.
Release date: 2009-03-18 - 46. Earnings differences between immigrants and the Canadian-born : The role of literacy skills ArchivedArticles and reports: 81-004-X200800510798Description:
In a recent Statistics Canada study, Aneta Bonikowska, David Green and Craig Riddell (2008) use data from the Canadian component of the International Adult Literacy and Skills Survey (IALSS) to measure the literacy skills of immigrants and the Canadian-born and relate these to earnings outcomes. The analysis takes into account standard demographic information, along with information on where education was obtained and age of migration to further refine their analysis of immigrant/Canadian-born earnings differentials. This article summarizes the results of their research.
Release date: 2009-03-04 - 47. Doctorate Education in Canada: Findings from the Survey of Earned Doctorates, 2005/2006 ArchivedArticles and reports: 81-595-M2008069Geography: CanadaDescription:
"Doctorate Education in Canada: Findings from the Survey of Earned Doctorates, 2005/2006" is the third paper in a series of reports written by the Learning Policy Directorate of Human Resources and Social Development Canada (HRSDC) and the Centre for Education Statistics of Statistics Canada. Each report presents an overview of doctoral education covering annual data from the Survey of Earned Doctorates (SED) from each of the three years of the survey's existence (2003/2004, 2004/2005 and 2005/2006).
The Survey of Earned Doctorates is a key source of information regarding the training of doctoral graduates in Canada. It provides information on the pathways of these highly qualified graduates through the education system and sheds light into the expectations of graduates as they transition into employment and postdoctoral education.
In this 2005/2006 report, special attention has been given to the foreign born among the doctoral graduates. Foreign-born graduates represent more than one in every five graduates in the 2005/2006 academic year, and over half of all doctoral graduates living in Canada in 2006. Canada's immigration policy, with its emphasis on educational attainment, ensures that the foreign born will continue to account for a large proportion of Canada's doctorate degree holders. Furthermore, attracting foreign-born talent to Canada will be important if Canada is to increase the number of doctoral degree holders, since growth in the graduates from Canadian institutions has been minimal. One of the key challenges will be to retain graduates, both foreign-born and Canadian-born, in Canada upon the completion of their degree.
Also unique to this third report, is the ability to discuss trends over the three years of survey data.
Release date: 2008-10-17 - 48. The Canadian Immigrant Labour Market in 2007: Analysis by Region of Postsecondary Education ArchivedArticles and reports: 71-606-X2008004Geography: CanadaDescription:
This series of analytical reports provides an overview of the Canadian labour market experiences of immigrants to Canada, based on data from the Labour Force Survey. These reports examine the labour force characteristics of immigrants, by reporting on employment and unemployment at the Canada level, for the provinces and large metropolitan areas. They also provide more detailed analysis by region of birth, as well as in-depth analysis of other specific aspects of the immigrant labour market.
This is the fourth report in the series. The first two reports analyzed the 2006 labour market experiences of immigrants (a general overview and one specific to country of birth). The third report updated many of these characteristics using 2007 Labour Force Survey data now available. In this fourth report, the focus is on the 2007 labour market experiences of immigrants with postsecondary education, with an analysis by country where the highest level of education was obtained.
Release date: 2008-07-18 - 49. Literacy skills among Canada's immigrant population ArchivedArticles and reports: 81-004-X20050059112Description:
This article draws on the results of the 2003 International Adult Literacy and Skills Survey (IALSS) to examine the skill profiles of Canadians in four domains: prose literacy, document literacy, numeracy and problem solving. Skill levels are compared for three groups: the Canadian-born, recent immigrants (those who have been in Canada for 10 years or less) and established immigrants (those who have been in Canada for more than 10 years). Other dimensions considered are age, education and mother tongue.
Release date: 2006-02-28 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2004234Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article analyses the relationship between the quality of education that immigrants received in their home country, as measured by international test scores, and their success in the Canadian labour market.
Release date: 2004-12-15
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