Cancer

Description:

The number of new cases, age-standardized rates and average age at diagnosis of cancers diagnosed annually from 1992 to the most recent diagnosis year available. Included are all invasive cancers and in situ bladder cancer with cases defined using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Groups for Primary Site based on the World Health Organization International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, Third Edition (ICD-O-3). Cancer incidence rates are age-standardized using the direct method and the final 2011 Canadian postcensal population structure. Random rounding of case counts to the nearest multiple of 5 is used to prevent inappropriate disclosure of health-related information.

Description:

Number and rate of new cancer cases diagnosed annually from 1992 to the most recent diagnosis year available. Included are all invasive cancers and in situ bladder cancer with cases defined using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Groups for Primary Site based on the World Health Organization International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, Third Edition (ICD-O-3). Random rounding of case counts to the nearest multiple of 5 is used to prevent inappropriate disclosure of health-related information.

Description: The validity of survival estimates from cancer registry data depends, in part, on the identification of the deaths of deceased cancer patients. People whose deaths are missed seemingly live on forever and are informally referred to as “immortals”, and their presence in registry data can result in inflated survival estimates. This study assesses the issue of immortals in the Canadian Cancer Registry (CCR) using a recently proposed method that compares the survival of long-term survivors of cancers for which “statistical” cure has been reported with that of similar people from the general population.

Description: Number of deaths caused by neoplasms, by age group and sex, 2000 to most recent year.

Description: According to recent Canadian estimates, over two in five Canadians will likely develop cancer in their lifetime, and one in four is expected to die of it. The lifetime probabilities of developing cancer and dying from cancer are useful summary statistics that describe the impact of cancer within a population. However, there is little information on how lifetime probabilities of developing cancer and dying from cancer have changed over time. This study aims to present detailed lifetime probabilities of developing cancer and dying from cancer by sex and cancer type, and to describe changes in these lifetime probabilities over time among the Canadian population.

Description:

Annual percent change and average annual percent change in age-standardized cancer incidence rates since 1984 to the most recent diagnosis year. The table includes a selection of commonly diagnosed invasive cancers, as well as in situ bladder cancer. Cases are defined using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Groups for Primary Site based on the World Health Organization International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, Third Edition (ICD-O-3) from 1992 to the most recent data year and on the International Classification of Diseases, ninth revision (ICD-9) from 1984 to 1991.

Description:

Number and rate of new cancer cases by stage at diagnosis from 2011 to the most recent diagnosis year available. Included are colorectal, lung, breast, cervical and prostate cancer with cases defined using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Groups for Primary Site based on the World Health Organization International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, Third Edition (ICD-O-3). Random rounding of case counts to the nearest multiple of 5 is used to prevent inappropriate disclosure of health-related information.

Description: Cancer survival estimates provide insights into the effectiveness of early detection and treatment. The stage of cancer at diagnosis is an important determinant of survival, reflecting the extent and spread at the time of disease detection. The recent extension of the Canadian Cancer Registry death-linked analytic file from 2014 to 2017 now offers an opportunity to provide more up-to-date net survival (NS) figures and to profile, for the first time, five-year NS estimates for Canada (excluding Quebec). This study presents five-year stage-specific cancer and five-year NS estimates for the most commonly diagnosed cancers in Canada.

Description:

Number of new cases and age-standardized rates of new cancer cases by stage at diagnosis from 2011 to the most recent diagnosis year available. Included are colorectal, lung, breast, cervical and prostate cancer with cases defined using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Groups for Primary Site based on the World Health Organization International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, Third Edition (ICD-O-3). Random rounding of case counts to the nearest multiple of 5 is used to prevent inappropriate disclosure of health-related information.

Description:

An evaluation of progress in cancer survival in Canada for all cancer types combined was recently conducted using the cancer survival index. This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of provincial-level progress in cancer survival for all cancer types combined in Canada.

Description:

The number of new cases, age-standardized rates and average age at diagnosis of cancers diagnosed annually from 1992 to the most recent diagnosis year available. Included are all invasive cancers and in situ bladder cancer with cases defined using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Groups for Primary Site based on the World Health Organization International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, Third Edition (ICD-O-3). Cancer incidence rates are age-standardized using the direct method and the final 2011 Canadian postcensal population structure. Random rounding of case counts to the nearest multiple of 5 is used to prevent inappropriate disclosure of health-related information.

Description:

Number and rate of new cancer cases diagnosed annually from 1992 to the most recent diagnosis year available. Included are all invasive cancers and in situ bladder cancer with cases defined using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Groups for Primary Site based on the World Health Organization International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, Third Edition (ICD-O-3). Random rounding of case counts to the nearest multiple of 5 is used to prevent inappropriate disclosure of health-related information.

Description: Number of deaths caused by neoplasms, by age group and sex, 2000 to most recent year.

Description:

Annual percent change and average annual percent change in age-standardized cancer incidence rates since 1984 to the most recent diagnosis year. The table includes a selection of commonly diagnosed invasive cancers, as well as in situ bladder cancer. Cases are defined using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Groups for Primary Site based on the World Health Organization International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, Third Edition (ICD-O-3) from 1992 to the most recent data year and on the International Classification of Diseases, ninth revision (ICD-9) from 1984 to 1991.

Description:

Number and rate of new cancer cases by stage at diagnosis from 2011 to the most recent diagnosis year available. Included are colorectal, lung, breast, cervical and prostate cancer with cases defined using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Groups for Primary Site based on the World Health Organization International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, Third Edition (ICD-O-3). Random rounding of case counts to the nearest multiple of 5 is used to prevent inappropriate disclosure of health-related information.

Description:

Number of new cases and age-standardized rates of new cancer cases by stage at diagnosis from 2011 to the most recent diagnosis year available. Included are colorectal, lung, breast, cervical and prostate cancer with cases defined using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Groups for Primary Site based on the World Health Organization International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, Third Edition (ICD-O-3). Random rounding of case counts to the nearest multiple of 5 is used to prevent inappropriate disclosure of health-related information.

Description:

Number and proportion of prevalent cancer cases for two-, five-, ten- and twenty-year prevalence durations from January 1st,1994 to the most recent index date available. Included are all invasive cancers and in situ bladder cancer with cases defined using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Groups for Primary Site based on the World Health Organization International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, Third Edition (ICD-O-3). Random rounding of case counts to the nearest multiple of 5 is used to prevent inappropriate disclosure of health-related information.

Description:

Annual percent change and average annual percent change in age-standardized cancer mortality rates since 1984 to the most recent data year. The table includes a selection of commonly diagnosed invasive cancers and causes of death are defined based on the World Health Organization International Classification of Diseases, ninth revision (ICD-9) from 1984 to 1999 and on its tenth revision (ICD-10) from 2000 to the most recent year.

Description:

Age-standardized national (excluding Quebec) estimates of five-year net survival for 30 types of cancer. Net survival refers to the survival probability that would be observed in the hypothetical situation where the cancer of interest is the only possible cause of death. Predicted survival provides a more up-to-date estimate of survival by exclusively using the survival experienced by cancer cases during a recent period.

Description:

National (excluding Quebec) estimates of five-year net survival for 11 types of cancer by age group at diagnosis. Net survival refers to the survival probability that would be observed in the hypothetical situation where the cancer of interest is the only possible cause of death. Predicted survival provides a more up-to-date estimate of survival by exclusively using the survival experienced by cancer cases during a recent period.

Description:

The Population Health Model (POHEM) is a policy analysis tool that helps answer "what-if" questions about the health and economic burden of specific diseases and the cost-effectiveness of administering new diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. This simulation model is particularly pertinent in an era of fiscal restraint, when new therapies are generally expensive and difficult policy decisions are being made. More important, it provides a base for a broader framework to inform policy decisions using comprehensive disease data and risk factors. Our "base case" models comprehensively estimate the lifetime costs of treating breast, lung and colorectal cancer in Canada. Our cancer models have shown the large financial burden of diagnostic work-up and initial therapy, as well as the high costs of hospitalizing those dying of cancer. Our core cancer models (lung, breast and colorectal cancer) have been used to evaluate the impact of new practice patterns. We have used these models to evaluate new chemotherapy regimens as therapeutic options for advanced lung cancer; the health and financial impact of reducing the hospital length of stay for initial breast cancer surgery; and the potential impact of population-based screening for colorectal cancer. To date, the most interesting intervention we have studied has been the use of tamoxifen to prevent breast cancer among high risk women.

Description:

Among people aged 15 or older who were diagnosed with cancer in1992, five-year relative survival rates were highest for prostate and breast cancer and lowest for lung cancer. Prognoses for prostate and breast cancer were poorer at younger and older ages. Colorectal cancer relative survival rates varied little by age. Relative survival rates for lung cancer decreased with age among both sexes.

Description:

This article examines recent trends in the incidence of and mortality from colorectal cancer among Canadian men and women, then further analyzes trends by three subsites.

Description:

This article focuses on melanoma, a cancer of the cells that colour the skin.

Description: Thia article analyzes trends in melanoma incidence and mortality rates. Information on sun exposure supplements these statistics.

Description: This article analyses provincial and territorial patterns in incidence and mortality rates for selected cancer sites.

Description: This article updates recently published information on Canadian breast cancer mortality, highlighting a lower rate in 1995, a marked decline in the rate since 1990, and possible factors contributing to this trend.

Description:

Context : Lung cancer has been the leading cause of cancer deaths in Canadian males for many years, and since 1994, this has been the case for Canadian femalesas well. It is therefore important to evaluate the resources required for its diagnosis and treatment. This article presents an estimate of the direct medical costsassociated with the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer calculated through the use of a micro-simulation model. For disease incidence, 1992 was chosen as thereference year, whereas costs are evaluated according to the rates that prevailed in 1993.Methods : A model for lung cancer has been incorporated into the Population Health Model (POHEM). The parameters of the model were drawn in part fromStatistics Canada's Canadian Cancer Registry (CCR), which provides information on the incidence and histological classification of lung cancer cases in Canada.The distribution of cancer stage at diagnosis was estimated by using information from two provincial cancer registries. A team of oncologists derived "typical" treatment approaches reflective of current practice, and the associated direct costs were calculated for these approaches. Once this information and the appropriatesurvival curves were incorporated into the POHEM model, overall costs of treatment were estimated by means of a Monte Carlo simulation.Results: It is estimated that overall, the direct medical costs of lung cancer diagnosis and treatment were just over $528 million. The cost per year of life gained as aresult of treatment of the disease was approximately $19,450. For the first time in Canada, it was possible to estimate the five year costs following diagnosis, bystage of the disease at the time of diagnosis. It was possible to estimate the cost per year of additional life gained for three alternative treatments of non small-cell lungcancer (NSCLC). Sensitivity analyses showed that these costs varied between $1,870 and $6,860 per year of additional life gained, which compares favourablywith the costs that the treatment of other diseases may involve.Conclusions: Contrary to widespread perceptions, it appears that the treatment of lung cancer is effective from an economic standpoint. In addition, the use of amicro-simulation model such as POHEM not only makes it possible to incorporate information from various sources in a coherent manner but also offers thepossibility of estimating the effect of alternative medical procedures from the standpoint of financial pressures on the health care system.

Description:

In 1997, there will be an estimated 130,800 new cases of cancer and 60,700 deaths from the disease, an increase of one third and one quarter, respectively, over 1987. These increases are due mainly to the growth and aging of the population. (All figures exclude non-melanoma skin cancer.) In 1997, three types of cancer will account for at least half of all new cases in men and women: prostate, lung and colorectal cancer for men; breast, lung and colorectal cancer for women. Lung cancer will be the leading cause of cancer death in 1997, resulting in one-third of cancer deaths for men and almost one-quarter of cancer deaths for women. Among women, overall trends in age-standardized rates of cancer incidence and mortality have remained relatively stable since 1985, as large increases in the rate of lung cancer have been offset by declining or stable rates for most other forms. Among men, the overall incidence rate is rising slightly as a result of the sharp increase in the incidence of prostate cancer. The mortality rate for men peaked in 1988 and has since declined, because of decreases in the rates for lung, colorectal and some other cancers. This article presents information on trends since the mid-1980s in cancer incidence and mortality, adapted from Canadian Cancer Statistics 1987.

Description:

Breast cancer is the leading form of cancer diagnosed in Canadian women (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer), accounting for about 30% of all new cases. After age 30, incidence rates begin to rise, and the highest rates are among women aged 60 and over. Canadian incidence rates have increased slowly and steadily since 1969, rising most rapidly among women aged 50 and over. Canada's rates are among the highest of any country in the world, ranking second only to those in the United States. After decades of little change, breast cancer mortality rates for all ages combined have declined slightly since 1990. While not dramatic, this decline is statistically significant and is consistent with similar decreases in the United Kingdom, the United States, and Australia. Breast cancer survival rates are relatively more favourable than those of other forms of cancer. Survival rates are better for younger women and for women whose cancer was detected at an early stage. This article presents breast cancer data from the Canadian Cancer Registry, the National Cancer Incidence Reporting System, and vital statistics mortality data, all of which are maintained by the Health Statistics Division of Statistics Canada. These data are provided to Statistics Canada by the provincial and territorial cancer and vital statistics registrars.

Description:

The Record Linkage Overview describes the process used in annual internal record linkage of the Canadian Cancer Registry. The steps include: preparation; pre-processing; record linkage; post-processing; analysis and resolution; resolution entry; and, resolution processing.

Description:

The compendium of Canadian Cancer Registry procedures manuals set out the rules for reporting cancer data to the CCR for all provincial and territorial cancer registries.

Description:

The Record Linkage Overview describes the process used in annual internal record linkage of the Canadian Cancer Registry. The steps include: preparation; pre-processing; record linkage; post-processing; analysis and resolution; resolution entry; and, resolution processing.

Description:

The User Guide to Record Linkage Feedback Reports C1 and C2 is intended for the users of the reports. The reports were developed to facilitate the exchange of information and decisions between the Canadian Cancer Registry and the Provincial and Territorial Cancer Registries.

Description:

The User Guide to Record Linkage Feedback Reports C1 and C2 is intended for the users of the reports. The reports were developed to facilitate the exchange of information and decisions between the Canadian Cancer Registry and the Provincial and Territorial Cancer Registries.

Description:

The user guide to Death Clearance Feedback Reports is intended for users of the feedback reports. The feedback reports were developed to facilitate the exchange of information and decisions between the Canadian Cancer Registry and the Provincial and Territorial Cancer Registries.

Description:

The Record Linkage Overview describes the process used in annual internal record linkage of the Canadian Cancer Registry. The steps include: preparation; pre-processing; record linkage; post-processing; analysis and resolution; resolution entry; and, resolution processing.

Description:

The Death Clearance Overview document describes the Death Clearance module of the Canadian Cancer Registry, its structure, its function and its role in the operation of the national cancer registry. Inputs and outputs are listed and briefly described, as well as the different steps constituting the Death Clearance process.

Description:

The Guidelines for Abstracting and Determining Death Certificate Only Cases are intended for use by all provincial and territorial cancer registries during their Death Clearance Process. The guidelines should be used when performing a comparison between the Death Certificate Notification and the cancer registry database.

Description:

This document examines the functional limitations - physical, emotional and social -experienced by patients at the time of diagnosis of cancer and as they undergo various treatments, remission, and palliative and terminal care. These functional limitations are described and classified using the Classification and Measurement System of Functional Health (CLAMES).

These descriptions and classifications are the first step in a new approach to measuring the health of Canadians that examines what factors are adversely affecting population health and how to address them. This document also provides health professionals, advocacy groups, and individual Canadians with an overview of how living with cancer affects day-to-day functioning.