Victimization

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This article examines shelters for abused women and looks at the services they provide.

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In 1997, victims of spousal violence represented 17% of all violent offences reported to a sample of 179 police agencies in Canada. Women accounted for a large majority (88%) of all reported spousal violence victims.

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In Canada, there are a variety of data sources that can be used to examine the nature and extent of family violence. These fall into two general categories: victimization survey data based on victims' accounts of their experiences of family violence reported to survey interviewers, and those based on incidents reported to the police, hospitals, coroners, chlid welfare or other social agencies.

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The Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics has been tracking trends in crimes reported to the police since 1962 through the Uniform Crime Reporting Survey.

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Since the 1980s, abuse of older Canadians has gained the attention of service providers, researchers, lobbyists, as well as policy makers. Abus can include physical, psychological or financial mistreatment of adults over the age of 65 years. A lack of information has made it difficult to quantify and truly understand the nature of the problem.

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Physical and sexual assaults are among the most pervasive causes of harm and death to children and youth, yet the most difficult to document. Assaults by family members account for a substantial portion of all assaults against children and youth.

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Changes in legislation, policies and programs on the part of both federal and provincial/territorial governments have occurred as part of a response to the problem of family violence. This section highlights a few of the responses by provincial courts, the federal correctional system, the network of transition homes and shelters across the country, as well as recent changes in provincial/territorial legislation.

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Over the past twenty years, there has been growing public awareness and concern about the occurrence of sexual offending and the personal and societal costs associated with these acts. There has been a gradual reduction in the stigma associated with being a victim of these crimes and, as supports for victims have developed, there has been an apparent increased willingness of victims to report these crimes to police, often long after the abuse has occurred. In many cases, the perpetrators of these crimes are in trusted positions of authority and the victims are dependent children. This Juristat presents statistical data on the prevalence of sexual offences reported to the police and the characteristics of the offenders and victims involved. It also highlights some of the salient issues associated with the response of the justice system and the public to offenders and their victims. Data sources include statistics collected by the police, courts and correctional institutions. These official sources probably represent only a small portion of all sexual offences and offenders, since results from victimization surveys suggest that as many as 90% of all sexual offences are not reported to the police. Data concerning victims of sexual offences, including information available from victimization surveys, are presented in the final section of this report.

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Police-reported statistics indicate that crime rates in Canada decreased for the fifth consecutive year in 1996. Similar trends have been noted in England/Wales and the United States. Results from victimization surveys confirm this recent trend, yet despite this decrease in crime, many Canadians remain fearful of being victimized. What is the source of this fear; who is more likely to be a victim of violent crime; who is the typical perpetrator; and where is the victimization likely to take place? Generally speaking, questions like these are designed to assess concerns about threats of violence by strangers. But what is the nature of violent incidents involving strangers and what are the characteristics of those strangers? The answers to these questions are examined below.The purpose of this Juristat is to examine the profile of perpetrators and victims of violent crime by comparing characteristics of crimes committed by strangers to those involving offenders known to the victim. This will contribute to discussions about the nature of violent crime and about related concerns that are at the centre of current debates.

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In 1996, 21, 901 cases of spousal assault were recorded in a sample of 154 police departments across the country. The proportion of male victims of spousal assault was relatively small (11%) compared to female victims (89%).

Description: Number and rate (per 100,000 population) of homicide victims, Canada and Census Metropolitan Areas, 1981 to 2023.

Description: Police-reported hate crime, number of incidents and rate per 100,000 population, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Canadian Forces Military Police, 2014 to 2023.

Description: Number of victims of solved homicides, by type of accused-victim relationship, Canada, 1974 to 2023.

Description: Number of victims of spousal homicide, Canada and regions, 1997 to 2023.

Description: Annual admissions (number, percent) to residential facilities for victims of abuse, by resident type and area density, Canada, Province or territory, reference year.

Description: One day snapshot of residents (number, percent) in residential facilities for victims of abuse, by reason for seeking shelter, Canada, Province or territory, reference year.

Description: One day snapshot of women and accompanying children (number, percent) residing in residential facilities for victims of abuse compared with individuals living in Canada, by selected characteristics, Canada, Province or territory, reference year.

Description: One day snapshot of women and accompanying children (number, percent, rate per 100,000) residing in residential facilities for victims of abuse, by age group, Canada, region, reference year.

Description: One day snapshot of women (percent) residing in residential facilities for victims of abuse, by type of abuse experienced, Canada, Province or territory, reference year.

Description: One day snapshot of women (number, percent) residing in residential facilities for victims of abuse, by relationship of abuser to the adult female, Canada, Province or territory, reference year.

Description: Human trafficking involves the recruitment, transportation or harbouring of a person and includes controlling or influencing their movements with the goal of exploiting, or facilitating the exploitation of, a person. Using data from the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Survey, this Juristat Bulletin—Quick Fact examines trends in police-reported incidents of human trafficking in Canada and further highlights victim and accused characteristics. Court outcomes of cases related to human trafficking are also examined using data from the Integrated Criminal Court Survey (ICCS).

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: This Juristat article expands on previous analysis of gender-related homicides in Canada by analyzing court case characteristics and outcomes of gender-related homicides of women and girls over a 13-year period (2009 to 2021). Using linked data from the Homicide Survey, the Uniform Crime Reporting Survey, and the Integrated Criminal Courts Survey, it examines multiple stages of the court process (i.e., charge, conviction, sentencing) to determine if court outcomes of gender-related homicides differ from non-gender-related homicides of women and girls or those with a male victim. In addition, potentially near-lethal forms of gender-related violence, namely attempted murder and aggravated assaults, are explored to broaden the scope of the analysis.

Description: This Juristat article reviews court outcomes of cases linked to the homicides of First Nations, Métis and Inuit (Indigenous) women and girls. Using a linked data file containing records from the Homicide and Integrated Criminal Court Survey, the article examines how incidents of homicide move from the policing stage through to their final outcomes in criminal court. From solve rates, to the type of charge heard in court, to verdicts and length of sentence, the article examines cases where the victim was an Indigenous woman or girl in comparison to non-Indigenous victims. Characteristics of homicide victims and accused are also presented.

Description: Cybervictimization has emerged as a potentially serious form of victimization and has been associated with negative mental health outcomes, including depression, anxiety, disordered eating, and suicidality. However, very little research has examined the prevalence and correlates of cybervictimization among diverse subpopulations of youth. Using data from the 2019 Canadian Health Survey on Children and Youth, this study describes the proportion of Canadian adolescents who have experienced cybervictimization and how this proportion may differ among subpopulations of Canadian adolescents (based on gender identity, ethnicity, and sexual orientation). This study also examines how these sociodemographic predictors are associated with the experience of cybervictimization and associations between cybervictimization and adolescent mental health and whether these associations differ among subpopulations.

Description: This Juristat article examines experiences of discrimination in daily life among the Chinese population in Canada. In addition, perceptions of and experiences with the police and the justice system, and the types of serious legal problems that Chinese people experience, are also discussed.

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: This Juristat analyzes police-reported data of homicides involving women and girls who were killed by an intimate partner, family member, within the context of sex work as well as those who experienced sexual violence. Some data on the attempted murder of women and girls are also presented. Overall, it provides information on rates of victimization, and the characteristics of victims, incidents and accused persons.

Description: Using 2018 Survey of Safety in Public and Private Spaces, this infographic examines cybervictimization among Canadian young adults aged 18 to 29. It identifies the at-risk populations and the association of online victimization with other forms of victimization.

Description: The purpose of the Impacts of COVID-19 on Canadian Victim Services survey is to collect information on the impacts of COVID-19 restrictions on the operations of Canadian victim service programs, including factors that have affected their ability to provide services and how they have adapted their operations to continue to serve victims.

Description: This is non-Statistics Canada information.