Housing

Description:

This table details private households in tenant-occupied non-farm, non-reserve dwellings by type of household, showing gross rent as a percentage of 1990 household income.

Description:

This table details private households in owner-occupied non-farm, non-reserve dwellings by age groups and sex of primary household maintainer, showing owner's major payments as a percentage of 1990 household income.

Description:

This table details private households in tenant-occupied non-farm, non-reserve dwellings by age groups and sex of primary household maintainer, showing gross rent as a percentage of 1990 household income.

Description:

The "Profiles" series provides a statistical overview of various census geographic areas. Part B provides data collected from a 20% sample of households on characteristics such as home language, ethnic origin, place of birth, education, religion, labour force activity, housing costs and income.

Description:

The "Profiles" series provides a statistical overview of various census geographic areas. Part B provides data collected from a 20% sample of households on characteristics such as home language, ethnic origin, place of birth, education, religion, labour force activity, housing costs and income.

Description:

The "Profiles" series provides a statistical overview of various census geographic areas. Part B provides data collected from a 20% sample of households on characteristics such as home language, ethnic origin, place of birth, education, religion, labour force activity, housing costs and income.

Description:

The "Profiles" series provides a statistical overview of various census geographic areas. Part A provides basic demographic, mother tongue, dwelling, household and family data collected from all households, that is, on a 100% basis. Part B provides data collected from a 20% sample of households on characteristics such as home language, ethnic origin, place of birth, education, religion, labour force activity, housing costs and income.

Description:

The "Profiles" series provides a statistical overview of various census geographic areas. Part A provides basic demographic, mother tongue, dwelling, household and family data collected from all households, that is, on a 100% basis.

Description:

The "Profiles" series provides a statistical overview of various census geographic areas. Part A provides basic demographic, mother tongue, dwelling, household and family data collected from all households, that is, on a 100% basis.

Description: The New Housing Price Index (NHPI) is a monthly series that measures changes over time in the contractors' selling prices of new residential houses, where detailed specifications pertaining to each house remain the same between two consecutive periods.

Description:

This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (67 items: Barrie; Ontario; Abbotsford-Mission; British Columbia; Census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations of 50,000 and over; Census metropolitan areas ...), Type of unit (7 items: Total units; Single-detached and semi-detached units; Semi-detached units; Single-detached units ...).

Description:

Data on the number of residential property owners by investor status, ownership type, number of properties owned and total income of individual owners who filed their T1 tax return form.

Description: Data on the number of residential properties, their assessment value and their total living area by investment status, ownership type, property type and period of construction.

Description:

Households on a waiting list for social and affordable housing, including length of time on the waitlist, Canada, provinces and territories.

Description:

Reasons for moving and location of previous dwelling for households that moved in the past five years, and intentions to move in less than five years for all households, Canada, provinces and territories.

Description:

Households living with housing problems, by select housing-vulnerable populations and affordability, suitability, adequacy and core housing need indicators, Canada. Vulnerable population refers to households belonging, or perceived as belonging, to groups that are in a disadvantaged position or marginalized.

Description:

Persons living with housing problems, by select housing-vulnerable populations and affordability, suitability, adequacy and core housing need indicators, Canada. Vulnerable population refers to persons belonging, or perceived as belonging, to groups that are in a disadvantaged position or marginalized.

Description: Housing suitability (suitable or not suitable) and dwelling condition (regular maintenance, minor repairs, major repairs), by tenure including social and affordable housing, Canada, provinces, population centres, select census metropolitan areas (CMAs) and census agglomerations (CAs).

Description: Level of dwelling and neighbourhood satisfaction reported by the reference person (the person responsible for housing decisions), by tenure including social and affordable housing and structural type of dwelling, Canada, provinces, population centres, select census metropolitan areas (CMAs) and census agglomerations (CAs).

Description: Household characteristics, including household type, age group of the reference person (the person responsible for housing decisions), employment status of the reference person, visible minority status of the reference person, and degree of difficulty for the household to meet its financial needs, by tenure including first-time homebuyer status, Canada, provinces, population centres, select census metropolitan areas (CMAs) and census agglomerations (CAs).

Description:

Local government revenues are increasingly perceived as inadequate to fund the program responsibilities of municipalities. Property taxes (residential and non-residential) are by far the most important revenue source, accounting for 35% in 2003 (up from 30% in 1988). But, residential property taxes are commonly viewed as regressive in relation to income. This study uses the 2001 Census of Population to quantify the regressiveness of residential property taxes in Canadian municipalities, and to examine whether regressive taxes are generally attributable to lower-income seniors living in high-priced homes.

Description:

This article summarizes findings from the research paper entitled Are immigrants buying to get in? The role of ethnic clustering on the homeownership propensities of 12 Toronto immigrant groups, 1996-2001. Spatial assimilation theory is a model of status attainment that links the spatial and social positions of minority group members (Massey and Denton 1985). If applied to immigrants, the model would suggest that immigrants would first cluster in typically poor neighbourhoods with high concentrations of co-ethnics, but that ethnic concentration should be temporary and of declining utility. Once an immigrant family's socioeconomic status improves, they should merge into the residential 'mainstream' by moving to a better, and typically less segregated, neighbourhood (Massey and Denton 1985). Further, although housing tenure is not an explicit dimension of spatial assimilation theory, given the well-established relationship between income, human capital and homeownership (Balakrishnan and Wu 1992; Laryea 1999), and the importance of homeownership as an indicator of well-being and residential assimilation (Myers and Lee 1998), part of an immigrant family's socioeconomic ascent should be a shift from tenant to homeowner (Alba and Logan 1992). Spatial assimilation theory would further predict that same-group concentration should be inversely related to homeownership since ethnic enclaves are typically conceived of as poor rental zones (Fong and Gulia 1999; Myles and Hou 2004).

Recent research (Alba and Nee 2003; Logan, Alba, and Zhang 2002), however, finds that some immigrant groups may be choosing against spatial assimilation to form more durable 'ethnic communities' (Logan, Alba, and Zhang 2002), giving rise to a positive and growing 'enclave effect' on homeownership (Borjas 2002). In this paper, an enclave effect is evaluated as an explanation for the 1996-2001 homeownership patterns of Toronto's 12 largest recent immigrant groups. Using longitudinally-consistent and temporally-antecedent 1996 neighbourhood ethnic composition data this paper aims to determine if immigrants buy homes outside their enclaves or prefer an owner-occupied neighbourhood of same-group members. To this end, the paper discusses the potential benefits of living and buying in an enclave; it develops a predictive framework for determining which groups might benefit from owner-occupied ethnic communities; it also examines the issue of 'neighbourhood disequilibrium' and evaluates the enclave effect on homeownership using a sample of recent (1996-2001) movers, their 1996 neighbourhood ethnic characteristics, and bivariate probit models with sample selection corrections (Van de Ven and Van Praag 1981).

Description:

In the past, working-age immigrant families in Canada's large urban centres had higher homeownership rates than the Canadian-born. Over the past twenty years however, this advantage has reversed, due jointly to a drop in immigrant rates and a rise in the popularity of homeownership among the Canadian-born. This paper assesses the efficacy of standard consumer choice models, which include indicators for age, income, education, family type, plus several immigrant characteristics, to explain these changes. The main findings are that the standard model almost completely explains the immigrant homeownership advantage in 1981, as well as the rise over time among the Canadian-born, but even after accounting for the well-known decline in immigrant economic fortunes, only about one-third of the 1981-2001 immigrant change in homeownership rates is explained. The implications of this inability are discussed and several suggestions for further research are made.

Description:

The report examines housing market trends and housing adequacy, suitability, affordability, and core housing need in Canada's census metropolitan areas (CMAs) from 1991 to 2001.

It begins with a review of demographic and housing market trends, including changes in house prices, rents, and incomes during the 1990s and of factors underlying increasing housing demand late in the decade. Against this backdrop, subsequent chapters examine how well households living in CMAs were housed in 1991, 1996, and 2001. Households that do not live in acceptable housing and do not have sufficient income to afford such housing are deemed to be in core housing need. The last chapter of the report explores the spatial distribution of core housing need in CMAs in 2001 and the characteristics of neighbourhoods in which core housing need was most prevalent.

This publication is not available. For more information, contact Andrew Heisz at 613-951-3748 or Sébastien Larochelle-Côté at 613-951-0803.

Description:

This article examines housing costs within the context of income and assets, focusing on elderly homeowners but including younger families and renters for comparison. The low-income dimension is also explored.

Description:

This product includes a data quality note and two data tables on collective dwellings in the 2001 Census.

This series includes a number of comprehensive articles that supplement the day-of-release information launched through The Daily. These catalogued articles provide an analytical perspective on the 2001 Census release topics. The number and length of these articles vary for each census release and are based on the 21 census release topics disseminated over 8 major release dates.

More focused articles were disseminated as major releases in The Dailyin the weeks following the official release of the data. Other more specialized articles were also announced in The Daily. The articles in the 2001 Census Analysis Series are available free of charge via the Internet.

Description:

This article examines how Canadians were housed in 2000. What percentage lived in owner-occupied homes? Were their homes in good condition? Was the size suitable for their needs? And, what proportion of their income was spent on housing?

Description:

This paper examines whether long-run labour market outcomes depend on residential environment among adults who grew up in subsidized housing in Toronto. The housing program in Toronto provides a full spectrum of neighbourhood quality types to measure outcome differences, and offers a real-life example of large scale neighbourhood quality reform. A primary advantage with this approach is that, conditional on participation in public housing, residential choice is substantially limited. Families that applied for public housing could not specify which project they wished to be housed in and were constrained to what was offered based on availability at the time they applied and by family size. Unlike previous housing mobility experiments, the availability of administrative tax records are used to measure both short and long run outcomes. The results indicate almost no difference in educational attainment, adult earnings, income, and social assistance participation between children from different public housing types. Average outcomes, estimated wage distributions, and outcome correlations among unrelated project neighbours show no significant neighbourhood impact. In contrast, family differences seem to matter a great deal.

Description:

The Canadian Consumer Price Index (CPI) applies a version of the user cost approach to measure the cost of home ownership. Because this approach specifically estimates the costs of using owned accommodation and not those faced by tenants, the measure includes a "replacement cost" (or depreciation) component. Depreciation is the only component in the CPI that is not an out-of-pocket expense. Consequently, economists face a unique set of methodological challenges when measuring depreciation.

Between 1949 and 1997, the annual housing depreciation rate used in the CPI was 2%. Statistics Canada adopted the rate from a study that analysed U.S. Federal Housing Administration field appraisal data from 1939.

This study argues that there is evidence that the 2% depreciation rate is too high to continue to use in the future. Consider that: 1) other Canadian studies show an upper bound of 1.7%, with a median estimate of 1.5%; 2) other statistical agencies use lower rates; and 3) every academic study over the past 40 years has arrived at a lower rate. As a consequence of this study and the existing supporting evidence, the depreciation rate in the Canadian CPI was lowered to 1.5% effective January 1998.

Description:

This article examines the characteristics of people living in mobile homes, with special emphasis on the differences between rural and urban households.

Description:

The Housing Release and concepts overview provides an overview of the concepts, definitions and key measures used in the 2016 Census of Population Housing release, as well as the products which will be available on release day and later.

Description:

This guide focuses on the following topic: Structural Type of Dwelling and Collectives variables. Provides information that enables users to effectively use, apply and interpret data from the 2016 Census. Each guide contains definitions and explanations on census concepts, talks about changes made to the 2016 Census, data quality and historical comparability, as well as comparison with other data sources. Additional information will be included for specific variables to help general users better understand the concepts and questions used in the census.

Description:

The Type of dwelling Release and concepts overview provides an overview of the concepts, definitions and key measures used in the 2016 Census of Population Type of dwelling release, as well as the products which will be available on release day and later.

Description:

This reference guide provides information that enables users to effectively use, apply and interpret data from the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS). This guide contains definitions and explanations of concepts, classifications, data quality and comparability to other sources. Additional information is included for specific variables to help general users better understand the concepts and questions used in the NHS.

Description:

This guide focuses on the following topic: Structural Type of Dwelling and Collectives variables.

Provides information that enables users to effectively use, apply and interpret data from the 2011 Census. Each guide contains definitions and explanations on census concepts, talks about changes made to the 2011 Census, data quality and historical comparability, as well as comparison with other data sources. Additional information will be included for specific variables to help general users better understand the concepts and questions used in the census.

Description:

This guide presents information of interest to users of data from the Survey of Household Spending, which gathers information on the spending habits, dwelling characteristics and household equipment of Canadian households. The survey covers private households in the 10 provinces. (The territories are surveyed every second year, starting in 1999.)

This guide includes definitions of survey terms and variables, as well as descriptions of survey methodology and data quality. One section describes the various statistics that can be created using expenditure data (e.g., budget share, market share, aggregates and medians)

Description:

This guide focuses on the following demographic variable: Housing and dwelling characteristics.

Description:

This guide focuses on the following variable: Housing and dwelling characteristics.

Provides information that enables users to effectively use, apply and interpret data from the 2006 Census. Each guide contains definitions and explanations on census concepts, data quality and historical comparability. Additional information will be included for specific variables to help general users better understand the concepts and questions used in the census.

Description:

This guide presents information of interest to users of data from the Survey of Household Spending, which gathers information on the spending habits, dwelling characteristics and household equipment of Canadian households. The survey covers private households in the 10 provinces. (The territories are surveyed every second year, starting in 1999.)

This guide includes definitions of survey terms and variables, as well as descriptions of survey methodology and data quality. One section describes the various statistics that can be created using expenditure data (e.g., budget share, market share, aggregates and medians).

Description:

This report discusses data quality pertaining to household variables (tenure, household maintainer, owner's major payments and gross rent) and dwelling characteristics (structural type of dwelling, number of rooms, number of bedrooms, period of construction, condition of dwelling and value of dwelling). The report also describes the various aspects of data processing that could impact data quality.