Health

Description: Active commuting (AC) to and from work is associated with numerous health benefits, through increased physical activity. This study examined whether occupation types and part-time work, by sex, were associated with AC in a population-based sample of Canadian workers. This study examined the associations between occupational classifications, part-time work, and AC (i.e., walking, cycling) and public transit use, in a nationally representative sample of Canadian adults, while controlling for other relevant sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., education, income, urbanity). This study also explored how associations between occupational classifications and AC differed by sex and how AC rates may have changed over time.

Description: Physical and sexual childhood abuse are associated with suicidal ideation and mental health disorders. However, less is known about non-physical types of maltreatment. This study examined associations between non-physical types of child maltreatment (e.g., emotional abuse, interpersonal aggression, exposure to physical intimate partner violence, emotional and physical neglect) and suicidal ideation, and mental health disorders.

Description:

Health Reports, published by the Health Analysis Division of Statistics Canada, is a peer-reviewed journal of population health and health services research. It is designed for a broad audience that includes health professionals, researchers, policymakers, and the general public. The journal publishes articles of wide interest that contain original and timely analyses of national or provincial/territorial surveys or administrative databases. New articles are published electronically each month.

Health Reports had an impact factor of 5.0 for 2022 and a five-year impact factor of 5.6. All articles are indexed in PubMed. Our online catalogue is free and receives more than 700,000 visits per year. External submissions are welcome.

Description: Monthly indexes and percentage changes for selected sub-groups of the health and personal care component of the Consumer Price Index (CPI), not seasonally adjusted, for Canada, provinces, Whitehorse and Yellowknife. Data are presented for the corresponding month of the previous year, the previous month and the current month. The base year for the index is 2002=100.

Description: This study uses data from multiple waves of the Canadian Social Survey (CSS) to examine trends in three key Quality of Life indicators, namely life satisfaction, experiences of financial hardship, and future outlook. Monitoring these well-being indicators following periods of considerable social and economic change is particularly important. Beginning in the summer of 2021, the CSS, a new quarterly survey, captured the latter part of the COVID-19 pandemic as well as the rising cost of living in Canada, allowing for an understanding of how Canadians are coping with these challenges.

Description: This infographic examines declines in Canadians’ well-being over the past few years, and how these downward changes vary across different segments of the population. Life satisfaction, financial difficulty, and future outlook, which are key quality of life indicators, are presented.

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: This table provides Canadians and researchers with provisional data to monitor weekly death trends by age and sex in Canada. Given the delays in receiving the data from the provincial and territorial vital statistics offices, these data are considered provisional. Data in this table will be available by province and territory.

Description:

This table provides Canadians and researchers with provisional data to monitor weekly death trends in Canada. Given the delays in receiving the data from the provincial and territorial vital statistics offices, these data are considered provisional. Data in this table will be available by province and territory.

Description:

This table provides Canadians and researchers with provisional data to monitor weekly death trends by selected grouped causes of death in Canada. Given the delays in receiving the data from the provincial and territorial vital statistics offices, these data are considered provisional. Data in this table will be available by province and territory.

Description:

This table contains 2016 series, with data for years 1994 - 2003 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (14 items: Canada; Newfoundland and Labrador; Nova Scotia; Prince Edward Island ...) Sex (3 items: Both sexes; Females; Males ...) Probability of depression (4 items: Total population for the variable probability of depression; Probability of depression; less than 0.9;Probability of depression; 0.9 or greater ...) Characteristics (12 items: Number of persons; Low 95% confidence interval; number of persons; Coefficient of variation for number of persons; High 95% confidence interval; number of persons ...).

Description:

This table contains 1512 series, with data for years 2000 - 2005 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (14 items: Canada; Newfoundland and Labrador; Nova Scotia; Prince Edward Island ...) Sex (3 items: Both sexes; Females; Males ...) Patient satisfaction, community-based health care (3 items: Received community-based health care in past 12 months; Very or somewhat satisfied with community-based health care received; Quality of community-based health care received rated as excellent or good ...) Characteristics (12 items: Number of persons; Coefficient of variation for number of persons; Low 95% confidence interval; number of persons; High 95% confidence interval; number of persons ...).

Description:

This table contains 552 series, with data for years 2003 - 2003 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (23 items: Canada; Newfoundland and Labrador ...), Breastfeeding practices (6 items: Did not breastfeed; Breastfed at least 4 months; Breastfed at least 4 months exclusively; Initiated breastfeeding ...), Characteristics (4 items: Percent; Low 95% confidence interval; percent; Coefficient of variation for percent; High 95% confidence interval; percent ...).

Description:

This table contains 16128 series, with data for years 2003 - 2005 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (14 items: Canada; Newfoundland and Labrador ...), Age group (12 items: Total; 15 years and over;15 to 19 years;20 to 24 years;20 to 34 years ...), Sex (3 items: Both sexes; Females; Males ...), Contact with telephone health line (4 items: Total population for the variable contact with telephone health line; Contact with telephone health line in the past 12 months; No contact with telephone health line in the past 12 months; Contact with telephone health line in the past 12 months; not stated ...), Characteristics (8 items: Number of persons; Low 95% confidence interval; number of persons; High 95% confidence interval; number of persons; Coefficient of variation for number of persons ...).

Description:

This table contains 136080 series, with data for years 2005 - 2005 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (126 items: Canada; Central Regional Integrated Health Authority; Newfoundland and Labrador; Newfoundland and Labrador; Eastern Regional Integrated Health Authority; Newfoundland and Labrador ...), Age group (5 items: Total; 18 years and over;18 to 34 years ...), Sex (3 items: Both sexes; Males; Females ...), Body mass index (BMI), self-reported (9 items: Total population for the variable body mass index; self-reported; Normal weight; body mass index; self-reported 18.5 to 24.9;Overweight; body mass index; self-reported 25.0 to 29.9;Underweight; body mass index; self-reported under 18.5 ...), Characteristics (8 items: Number of persons; Low 95% confidence interval; number of persons; Coefficient of variation for number of persons; High 95% confidence interval; number of persons ...).

Description:

This table contains 127008 series, with data for years 2005 - 2005 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (126 items: Canada; Newfoundland and Labrador; Central Regional Integrated Health Authority; Newfoundland and Labrador; Eastern Regional Integrated Health Authority; Newfoundland and Labrador ...), Age group (6 items: Total; 12 years and over;12 to 19 years ...), Sex (3 items: Both sexes; Females; Males ...), Self-rated mental health (7 items: Good self-rated mental health; Total population for the variable self-rated mental health; Excellent self-rated mental health; Very good self-rated mental health ...), Characteristics (8 items: Number of persons; Low 95% confidence interval; number of persons; Coefficient of variation for number of persons; High 95% confidence interval; number of persons ...).

Description:

This table contains 205632 series, with data for years 2005 - 2005 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (160 items: Canada; Eastern Regional Integrated Health Authority; Newfoundland and Labrador; Central Regional Integrated Health Authority; Newfoundland and Labrador; Newfoundland and Labrador ...), Age group (14 items: Total; 12 years and over;12 to 19 years;12 to 14 years;15 to 19 years ...), Sex (3 items: Both sexes; Females; Males ...), Arthritis or rheumatism (4 items: Total population for the variable arthritis or rheumatism; Arthritis or rheumatism; not stated; With arthritis or rheumatism; Without arthritis or rheumatism ...), Characteristics (8 items: Number of persons; Low 95% confidence interval; number of persons; Coefficient of variation for number of persons; High 95% confidence interval; number of persons ...).

Description:

This table contains 257040 series, with data for years 2005 - 2005 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (160 items: Canada; Eastern Regional Integrated Health Authority; Newfoundland and Labrador; Central Regional Integrated Health Authority; Newfoundland and Labrador; Newfoundland and Labrador ...), Age group (14 items: Total; 12 years and over;12 to 14 years;15 to 19 years;12 to 19 years ...), Sex (3 items: Both sexes; Females; Males ...), Frequency of having 5 or more drinks on one occasion (5 items: Total population for the variable population reporting drinking; Never 5 or more drinks on one occasion;5 or more drinks on one occasion; 12 or more times a year;5 or more drinks on one occasion; less than 12 times a year ...), Characteristics (8 items: Number of persons; Coefficient of variation for number of persons; High 95% confidence interval; number of persons; Low 95% confidence interval; number of persons ...).

Description:

This table contains 205632 series, with data for years 2005 - 2005 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (160 items: Canada; Eastern Regional Integrated Health Authority; Newfoundland and Labrador; Central Regional Integrated Health Authority; Newfoundland and Labrador; Newfoundland and Labrador ...), Age group (14 items: Total; 12 years and over;12 to 19 years;12 to 14 years;15 to 19 years ...), Sex (3 items: Both sexes; Females; Males ...), Exposure to second-hand smoke at home (4 items: Total non-smoking population; Exposed to second-hand smoke at home; Exposure to second-hand smoke at home; not stated; No exposure to second-hand smoke at home ...), Characteristics (8 items: Number of persons; Low 95% confidence interval; number of persons; Coefficient of variation for number of persons; High 95% confidence interval; number of persons ...).

Description:

This table contains 205632 series, with data for years 2005 - 2005 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (160 items: Canada; Newfoundland and Labrador; Eastern Regional Integrated Health Authority; Newfoundland and Labrador; Central Regional Integrated Health Authority; Newfoundland and Labrador ...), Age group (14 items: Total; 12 years and over;12 to 14 years;15 to 19 years;12 to 19 years ...), Sex (3 items: Both sexes; Females; Males ...), Exposure to second-hand smoke in vehicles and public places (4 items: Total non-smoking population; Exposed to second-hand smoke in the past month; in public places; Exposure to second-hand smoke in the past month; in vehicles and public places; not stated; Exposed to second-hand smoke in the past month; in vehicles ...), Characteristics (8 items: Number of persons; High 95% confidence interval; number of persons; Coefficient of variation for number of persons; Low 95% confidence interval; number of persons ...).

Description:

In 1994, an estimated 6% of Canadians aged 18 and over - 1.1 million adults - experienced a Major Depressive Episode (MDE). Although depression is amenable to treatment, fewer than half (43%) the people who met the criteria of having experienced an MDE in the past year (approximately 487,000) reported talking to a health professional about their emotional or mental health. Furthermore, only 26% of those who had an MDE reported four or more such consultations. As expected, depression that was not chronic was more likely to be untreated. In addition, MDE sufferers whose physical health was good and those who had not recently experienced a negative life event were less likely to be treated. However, after controlling for these factors, a multivariate model suggests that lower educational attainment and inadequate income acted as barriers to treatment. Relatively few contacts with a general practitioner substantially reduced the odds of being treated. Also, men and married people who were depressed were less likely to receive treatment. With data from Statistics Canada's 1994-95 National Population Health Survey (NPHS), this article examines the characteristics of people who met the criteria for having had an MDE, but who discontinued or did not receive treatment. The selection of explanatory variables was informed by an established theoretical framework of individual determinants of health service utilization, proposed by Andersen and Newman. Logistic regression was used to predict the probability of not being treated among people who experienced an MDE.

Description:

Meeting the need for physician care outside of urban centres has long been a health policy concern. The challenges of providing such services in these areas stem from relatively fewer physicians and greater travel distances. In 1993, nearly all (99%) residents of large urban centres (with one million or more people) were less than 5 km from the nearest doctor. But outside of urban centres, only 56% of residents were situated that close to a physician. As well, proximity to physicians varied with income in less urbanized and rural areas, but not in more urbanized areas. And while Canadians in the southernmost parts of the country enjoyed very short distances to a physician, in northern latitudes, physicians tended to be much farther away. For instance, in 1993, at 65-69o north latitude, with 3,974 people for every physician, nearly two-thirds of the population (64%) was 100 km or more from the nearest doctor. By contrast, below 45o north latitude, which includes Halifax, Toronto and all of southwestern Ontario, the population to physician ratio was 476, and 91% of the population was within 5 km of a physician. Using the Canadian Medical Association's 1993 address registry of physicians, this article analyses the distance to the nearest physician (57,291 physicians) from a representative point within each of Canada's 45,995 census Enumeration Areas. Distance to the nearest physician by their specialty is also considered.

Description:

The period between fiscal years 1986/87 and 1994/95 has seen a reduction in the number of hospitals in Canada and fundamental changes in the way they deliver their services. During this time, the number of public hospitals fell by 14%, and the number of approved beds in these hospitals declined by 11%. As a result, the number of staffed beds per 1,000 population dropped from 6.6 to 4.1. Much of the decrease in approved beds in public hospitals can be attributed to the reduction in the hospital extended care sector. In fact, some hospitals with long-term care units have been re-designated residential care facilities. As well, a common trend emerged in all categories of public hospitals: the number of outpatient visits increased, while inpatient-days decreased. Between 1986/87 and 1991/92, public hospitals' average annual increase in operating expenses (in current dollars) was 8%. However, from 1991/92 to 1994/95, public hospitals posted negative average annual growth in their expenditures (-2.4%), which reflects efforts made by various provinces to control hospital costs. This article presents data from reports compiled by Statistics Canada: Annual Return of Health Care Facilities - Hospitals, 1986/87 to 1993/94 and Preliminary Annual Report of Hospitals, 1994/95.

Description:

In 1997, there will be an estimated 130,800 new cases of cancer and 60,700 deaths from the disease, an increase of one third and one quarter, respectively, over 1987. These increases are due mainly to the growth and aging of the population. (All figures exclude non-melanoma skin cancer.) In 1997, three types of cancer will account for at least half of all new cases in men and women: prostate, lung and colorectal cancer for men; breast, lung and colorectal cancer for women. Lung cancer will be the leading cause of cancer death in 1997, resulting in one-third of cancer deaths for men and almost one-quarter of cancer deaths for women. Among women, overall trends in age-standardized rates of cancer incidence and mortality have remained relatively stable since 1985, as large increases in the rate of lung cancer have been offset by declining or stable rates for most other forms. Among men, the overall incidence rate is rising slightly as a result of the sharp increase in the incidence of prostate cancer. The mortality rate for men peaked in 1988 and has since declined, because of decreases in the rates for lung, colorectal and some other cancers. This article presents information on trends since the mid-1980s in cancer incidence and mortality, adapted from Canadian Cancer Statistics 1987.

Description:

The prevalence of dementia increases sharply in old age and is higher among women than men. Alzheimer's disease, the most common form of dementia, affects a greater proportion of women. On average, the number of years lived with dementia is longer for women, and women with dementia are more likely to be living in institutions than men with the condition. This article examines age-standardized rates of dementia among men and women aged 65 and over. The data are from the 1991 Canadian Study of Health and Aging (CSHA), a joint effort of the Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine at the University of Ottawa and the federal government's Laboratory Centre for Disease Control. Life expectancy estimates from Statistics Canada were combined with CSHA data to estimate the average proportions of life that are lived with and without dementia, in the community and in institutions.

Description:

Between 1977 and 1994, smoking rates declined among men and women, but the decline was steeper for men. While smoking rates fell among people at all levels of education, the smallest drop was among those with high school graduation or less, particularly women. For those who had stopped smoking, health concerns had been the overriding factor. Smokers with lower education reported encountering fewer smoking restrictions in their daily activities than did those with higher education. All smokers cited the mass media as their major source of information about smoking, but those with lower education reported the mass media less often than did smokers with higher levels of attainment, and were less likely to obtain information from books, pamphlets or magazines. In addition, smaller percentages of smokers with lower education recalled printed warnings about heart disease on cigarette packages. Variations in the decline of smoking suggest that health promotion and smoking cessation programs should consider sex and educational differences when targeting the smoking population. Differences in rates of smoking among people aged 20 and over were examined by educational attainment using selected health surveys conducted between 1977 and 1994. A Health Canada-sponsored supplement to Statistics Canada's National Population Health Survey was used for data on other aspects of smoking such as cutting back or attempting to quit, sources of health information, and awareness of smoking restrictions and cigarette package warnings.

Description:

Men constitute a small minority of registered nurses (RNs) in Canada, but their numbers have risen sharply in the last decade. In 1995, almost 4% of RNs were men, up from just over 2% in 1985. The proportion of male nurses is particularly high in Quebec, where the 1995 figure was 8%. Some areas of nursing are more likely than others to employ male nurses: psychiatry, critical care, emergency care, and administration. By contrast, relatively few male RNs have jobs in maternal/newborn care, pediatrics, or community care. Rising male enrollement in college and university nursing programs suggests that men's representation in nursing will continue to rise. The older age profile of male nurses may indicate that some men are choosing nursing as a second career. As well, a shift in the age distribution of male nurses would seem to suggest that those who enter the profession tend to stay. This analysis of the demographic and employment characteristics of male nurses is based on information compiled annually in the Registered Nurses Database maintained by Statistics Canada. Figures on enrolment and graduation in nursing are collected by Statistics Canada as part of annual surveys.

Description:

Breast cancer is the leading form of cancer diagnosed in Canadian women (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer), accounting for about 30% of all new cases. After age 30, incidence rates begin to rise, and the highest rates are among women aged 60 and over. Canadian incidence rates have increased slowly and steadily since 1969, rising most rapidly among women aged 50 and over. Canada's rates are among the highest of any country in the world, ranking second only to those in the United States. After decades of little change, breast cancer mortality rates for all ages combined have declined slightly since 1990. While not dramatic, this decline is statistically significant and is consistent with similar decreases in the United Kingdom, the United States, and Australia. Breast cancer survival rates are relatively more favourable than those of other forms of cancer. Survival rates are better for younger women and for women whose cancer was detected at an early stage. This article presents breast cancer data from the Canadian Cancer Registry, the National Cancer Incidence Reporting System, and vital statistics mortality data, all of which are maintained by the Health Statistics Division of Statistics Canada. These data are provided to Statistics Canada by the provincial and territorial cancer and vital statistics registrars.

Description:

This paper describes the methodology for fertility projections used in the 1993-based population projections by age and sex for Canada, provinces and territories, 1993-2016. A new version of the parametric model known as the Pearsonian Type III curve was applied for projecting fertility age pattern. The Pearsonian Type III model is considered as an improvement over the Type I used in the past projections. This is because the Type III curve better portrays both the distribution of the age-specific fertility rates and the estimates of births. Since the 1993-based population projections are the first official projections to incorporate the net census undercoverage in the population base, it has been necessary to recalculate fertility rates based on the adjusted population estimates. This recalculation resulted in lowering the historical series of age-specific and total fertility rates, 1971-1993. The three sets of fertility assumptions and projections were developed with these adjusted annual fertility rates.

It is hoped that this paper will provide valuable information about the technical and analytical aspects of the current fertility projection model. Discussions on the current and future levels and age pattern of fertility in Canada, provinces and territories are also presented in the paper.

Description:

Live births, induced abortions, and miscarriages/ stillbirths are usually examined seperately. This article comines the three outcomes to focus on pregnancy in Canada from 1974 to 1992.

Description: The general purpose of the survey is to measure Canadians' experiences with health care, specifically, experiences with various types of doctors and clinics, access to different types of health care including emergency room and prescription medication use. Special attention was given to respondents diagnosed with certain chronic conditions in terms of their general experiences and their participation in managing their own health care.

Description: The Longitudinal and International Study of Adults collects information from people across Canada about their jobs, education, health and family. The study is also interested in how changes in these areas have affected people's lives. This survey aims to help improve education, employment, training and social services in Canada.

Description: The purpose of the Canadian Community Health Survey - Healthy Aging is to collect new information about the factors, influences and processes that contribute to healthy aging. The survey focuses on the health of Canadians aged 45 and over.

Description: Statistics Canada is conducting a test of new survey modules on mental health stigma and discrimination. In addition to the new modules, the test questionnaire includes Canadian Community Health Survey modules on general health, health status, income and sociodemographic characteristics.

Description: The purpose of the Survey on Living with Chronic Diseases in Canada (SLCDC) is to provide information on the impact of chronic disease on individuals, as well as how people with chronic disease manage their health condition.

Description: This is a national longitudinal survey that collects information on the transition from military to civilian life, general health and well-being, chronic conditions, labour force participation and other related information. An important goal of the survey is to understand the transition period from military to civilian life and health outcomes in Canadian Veterans.

Description: The purpose of the Survey on Living with Neurological Conditions in Canada is to collect new information about Canadians' experiences with chronic neurological conditions. The survey will report on various factors that impact on health for individuals living with these conditions, their families and caregivers.

Description: This pilot survey asks both smokers and non-smokers about their past and present smoking habits, their attitudes towards smoking, and other related issues.

Description: The purpose of the Childhood National Immunization Coverage Survey is to collect information on national immunization coverage for childhood vaccines.

Description: This survey collects data on the prevalence of several neurological conditions in long-term care facilities.