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- Articles and reports: 11-010-X20050128971Geography: CanadaDescription:
Most of the recent gap between shipments growth in Canada and the US reflects lower prices due to the exchange rate.
Release date: 2005-12-08 - 2. Global Links: Multinationals, Foreign Ownership and Productivity Growth in Canadian Manufacturing ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-622-M2005009Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper examines two potential benefits of foreign-controlled plants in the Canadian manufacturing sector: the superior performance of foreign-controlled plants and their productivity spillovers to domestic plants. The paper finds that foreign-controlled plants are more productive, more innovative, more technology intensive, pay higher wages and use more skilled workers. This foreign-ownership advantage is found to be a multinational advantage. What matters for economic performance is whether plants belong to multinational enterprises (MNEs) rather than ownership per se. Canadian multinationals are as productive as foreign multinationals. We also find that MNEs have accounted for a disproportionately large share of productivity growth in the last two decades. Finally, we find robust evidence for productivity spillovers from foreign-controlled plants to domestic-controlled plants arising from increased competition and greater use of new technologies among domestic plants.
Release date: 2005-12-05 - Articles and reports: 21-601-M2005075Description:
This paper presents research carried out to determine the competitiveness of Canada's poultry processing industry and investigates the competitiveness of Canada's poultry processing industry from the perspective of output price, market structure, and productivity performance. The main objective of the research is to estimate the degree of competitiveness of Canada's poultry processing sector related to its U.S. counterpart during the ten-year period from 1991 to 2001.
Release date: 2005-10-17 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2005258Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper uses firm-level data from the T2/LEAP to investigate whether the link between tariff changes and employment differed across firms with various productivity and leverage characteristics over the period 1988 to 1994. The results suggest that the combined effect of domestic and U.S. tariff reductions on employment was typically small, but that losses were significantly larger for firms which were less productive. For instance, firms with average productivity in 1988 responded to tariff changes by cutting employment by only 3.6% over the period 1988 to 1994, while lower productivity firms typically shed 15.1% of their workforce over the same period. This paper also indicates that firms which were more heavily in debt downsized more in response to declining domestic tariffs, suggesting that financial constrains became more binding when tariff cuts were implemented. These results suggest that firms with high productivity and low leverage were less likely than others to feel the impact of declining U.S. and domestic tariffs.
Release date: 2005-06-22 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2005259Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article summarizes findings from the research paper entitled: Tariff Reduction and Employment in Canadian Manufacturing, 1988-1994. At the end of the 1980s, Canada and the United States reached an agreement to phase out import tariffs over a 10-year period beginning January 1st, 1989. This tariff reduction scheme was a major centre-piece of the Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement (FTA). The implementation of the FTA was followed by a recession, characterized by massive job cuts in manufacturing industries, which led to suggestions that employment losses were related to the reduction of trade barriers. Research on firm output and survival (Gu, Sawchuk and Whewell, 2003; Baggs, 2004) suggests the impact of tariff changes was different across industries and across firms within industries. Using firm-level data, this study investigates the impact of reduced Canadian and U.S. tariffs on Canadian manufacturing employment. The study also asks whether the impact was heterogeneous across firms with various productivity and leverage characteristics.
Release date: 2005-06-22 - Articles and reports: 88-003-X20050028016Geography: CanadaDescription:
In a recent study using data from the Canadian Survey of Innovation 1999, the authors examined the effect of R&D tax credits on innovation activities of Canadian manufacturing firms. They found positive effects on the propensity of firms to perform R&D activities such the introduction to the market of a new product or process that was a world first. However, there is no significant effect on more general firm performance indicators such as profitability, domestic market share or international market share.
Release date: 2005-06-20 - Articles and reports: 11F0027M2005034Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper examines head office employment in the Canadian manufacturing sector. It focuses on the characteristics that are related to the creation of a head office and the amount of employment in that head office. Among the characteristics investigated are firm size, number of plants, industrial diversity, geographical location, industry and nationality. The paper finds that foreign-owned firms are more likely to create a head office and to create more employment in their head offices than are domestic-controlled firms, after controlling for firm characteristics. It also finds that head office creation and employment levels are associated with a firm's level of complexity (e.g., its size) and how it organises its production geographically.
Release date: 2005-06-08 - Articles and reports: 11F0027M2005033Geography: CanadaDescription:
Plant deaths arise from failure when firms exit an industry. Plant deaths are also associated with renewal when incumbent firms close down plants and modernize their production facilities and start-up new plants.
The rate of plant deaths affects the amount of change that occurs in labour and capital markets. Plant deaths result in job losses and incur significant human costs as employees are forced to seek other work. The death process also gives rise to capital losses - to the loss of earlier investments that the industrial system had made in productive capacity. This paper makes use of the plant-death date to provide new information on the likely length of life of capital invested in plants.
This paper measures the death rate over a forty year period for new plants in the Canadian manufacturing sector. It develops a profile of the death rate for entrants as they age. On average, 14% of new plants die in their first year. Over half of new plants die by the age of six. By the age of 15, less than 20% are still alive.
As a result, manufacturing plants have relatively short lives. The average new plant lives only nine years (17 years if the average is employment-weighted). These rates vary by industry. The longest length of life (13 years) can be found in two industries -primary metals and paper and allied products. The shortest average length of life (less than 8 years) occurs in wood industries.
Release date: 2005-05-04 - Articles and reports: 11-621-M2005025Geography: Province or territoryDescription:
This study examines the performance of key industries in the manufacturing sector in each province in 2004, and the major factors influencing each.
Release date: 2005-04-25 - Articles and reports: 11-621-M2005022Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article investigates trends in international trade, production and employment in the textile and clothing industries, from 1992 to 2004. It also examines patterns of trade in textiles and clothing.
Release date: 2005-03-21
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Analysis (13)
Analysis (13) (0 to 10 of 13 results)
- Articles and reports: 11-010-X20050128971Geography: CanadaDescription:
Most of the recent gap between shipments growth in Canada and the US reflects lower prices due to the exchange rate.
Release date: 2005-12-08 - 2. Global Links: Multinationals, Foreign Ownership and Productivity Growth in Canadian Manufacturing ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-622-M2005009Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper examines two potential benefits of foreign-controlled plants in the Canadian manufacturing sector: the superior performance of foreign-controlled plants and their productivity spillovers to domestic plants. The paper finds that foreign-controlled plants are more productive, more innovative, more technology intensive, pay higher wages and use more skilled workers. This foreign-ownership advantage is found to be a multinational advantage. What matters for economic performance is whether plants belong to multinational enterprises (MNEs) rather than ownership per se. Canadian multinationals are as productive as foreign multinationals. We also find that MNEs have accounted for a disproportionately large share of productivity growth in the last two decades. Finally, we find robust evidence for productivity spillovers from foreign-controlled plants to domestic-controlled plants arising from increased competition and greater use of new technologies among domestic plants.
Release date: 2005-12-05 - Articles and reports: 21-601-M2005075Description:
This paper presents research carried out to determine the competitiveness of Canada's poultry processing industry and investigates the competitiveness of Canada's poultry processing industry from the perspective of output price, market structure, and productivity performance. The main objective of the research is to estimate the degree of competitiveness of Canada's poultry processing sector related to its U.S. counterpart during the ten-year period from 1991 to 2001.
Release date: 2005-10-17 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2005258Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper uses firm-level data from the T2/LEAP to investigate whether the link between tariff changes and employment differed across firms with various productivity and leverage characteristics over the period 1988 to 1994. The results suggest that the combined effect of domestic and U.S. tariff reductions on employment was typically small, but that losses were significantly larger for firms which were less productive. For instance, firms with average productivity in 1988 responded to tariff changes by cutting employment by only 3.6% over the period 1988 to 1994, while lower productivity firms typically shed 15.1% of their workforce over the same period. This paper also indicates that firms which were more heavily in debt downsized more in response to declining domestic tariffs, suggesting that financial constrains became more binding when tariff cuts were implemented. These results suggest that firms with high productivity and low leverage were less likely than others to feel the impact of declining U.S. and domestic tariffs.
Release date: 2005-06-22 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2005259Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article summarizes findings from the research paper entitled: Tariff Reduction and Employment in Canadian Manufacturing, 1988-1994. At the end of the 1980s, Canada and the United States reached an agreement to phase out import tariffs over a 10-year period beginning January 1st, 1989. This tariff reduction scheme was a major centre-piece of the Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement (FTA). The implementation of the FTA was followed by a recession, characterized by massive job cuts in manufacturing industries, which led to suggestions that employment losses were related to the reduction of trade barriers. Research on firm output and survival (Gu, Sawchuk and Whewell, 2003; Baggs, 2004) suggests the impact of tariff changes was different across industries and across firms within industries. Using firm-level data, this study investigates the impact of reduced Canadian and U.S. tariffs on Canadian manufacturing employment. The study also asks whether the impact was heterogeneous across firms with various productivity and leverage characteristics.
Release date: 2005-06-22 - Articles and reports: 88-003-X20050028016Geography: CanadaDescription:
In a recent study using data from the Canadian Survey of Innovation 1999, the authors examined the effect of R&D tax credits on innovation activities of Canadian manufacturing firms. They found positive effects on the propensity of firms to perform R&D activities such the introduction to the market of a new product or process that was a world first. However, there is no significant effect on more general firm performance indicators such as profitability, domestic market share or international market share.
Release date: 2005-06-20 - Articles and reports: 11F0027M2005034Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper examines head office employment in the Canadian manufacturing sector. It focuses on the characteristics that are related to the creation of a head office and the amount of employment in that head office. Among the characteristics investigated are firm size, number of plants, industrial diversity, geographical location, industry and nationality. The paper finds that foreign-owned firms are more likely to create a head office and to create more employment in their head offices than are domestic-controlled firms, after controlling for firm characteristics. It also finds that head office creation and employment levels are associated with a firm's level of complexity (e.g., its size) and how it organises its production geographically.
Release date: 2005-06-08 - Articles and reports: 11F0027M2005033Geography: CanadaDescription:
Plant deaths arise from failure when firms exit an industry. Plant deaths are also associated with renewal when incumbent firms close down plants and modernize their production facilities and start-up new plants.
The rate of plant deaths affects the amount of change that occurs in labour and capital markets. Plant deaths result in job losses and incur significant human costs as employees are forced to seek other work. The death process also gives rise to capital losses - to the loss of earlier investments that the industrial system had made in productive capacity. This paper makes use of the plant-death date to provide new information on the likely length of life of capital invested in plants.
This paper measures the death rate over a forty year period for new plants in the Canadian manufacturing sector. It develops a profile of the death rate for entrants as they age. On average, 14% of new plants die in their first year. Over half of new plants die by the age of six. By the age of 15, less than 20% are still alive.
As a result, manufacturing plants have relatively short lives. The average new plant lives only nine years (17 years if the average is employment-weighted). These rates vary by industry. The longest length of life (13 years) can be found in two industries -primary metals and paper and allied products. The shortest average length of life (less than 8 years) occurs in wood industries.
Release date: 2005-05-04 - Articles and reports: 11-621-M2005025Geography: Province or territoryDescription:
This study examines the performance of key industries in the manufacturing sector in each province in 2004, and the major factors influencing each.
Release date: 2005-04-25 - Articles and reports: 11-621-M2005022Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article investigates trends in international trade, production and employment in the textile and clothing industries, from 1992 to 2004. It also examines patterns of trade in textiles and clothing.
Release date: 2005-03-21
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