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Description: The focus of this portrait is the analysis of the sociodemographic and ethnocultural diversity and socioeconomic outcomes of the Chinese populations in Canada. The portrait uses data from the Census of Population (1996 to 2021), the 2011 National Household Survey, the 2020 General Social Survey – Social Identity, the 2022 Canadian Survey on Disability and the 2024 Labour Force Survey. An intersectional approach is used to explore the relationships between multiple diversity measures.

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Using data from the 2016 Census of population linked to the Longitudinal Administrative Databank, this study examines patterns in the persistence of low income over time for a sample of tax filers from 2016 to 2022. It focuses on the characteristics of tax-filers who experience low income and how those characteristics relate to people’s trajectories in and out of low income.

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Indigenous-owned businesses are a growing and important component of Canada’s economic landscape. These businesses not only contribute to entrepreneurship and community development but also serve as important sources of employment for Indigenous people. This study represents a novel contribution to the evidence base. Statistics Canada first helped close a critical data gap by developing a framework to identify Indigenous business owners and Indigenous-owned businesses. Building on that foundation, the present analysis extends the work to fill another gap, providing data on Indigenous employment within Indigenous-owned businesses.

Description: Health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE), by sex, age group, income quintile and geography, annual for the provinces and two-year average for the territories. Estimates are expressed in years and represent the average number of years a person could expect to live in good health based on current health status and mortality conditions.

Description: The Technical Guide on Demographic Estimates at Statistics Canada provides detailed descriptions of the most current data sources and methods used by the Centre for demography at Statistics Canada to produce demographic estimates as part of the Demographic estimates program. They comprise postcensal and intercensal population estimates; base population; births and deaths; immigrants; emigrants; returning emigrants; non-permanent residents; interprovincial migration; subprovincial estimates of population and intraprovincial migration; population estimates by age and gender; and census family estimates. A glossary of commonly used terms is available at the end of the guide.

Description: Number and proportion of population in core housing need, by economic family structure, gender, age group and selected demographic characteristics, Canada, provinces and territories.

Description: The focus of this portrait is the analysis of the ethnocultural diversity and socioeconomic outcomes of the South Asian populations in Canada. The portrait uses data from the Census of Population (2001 to 2021), the 2011 National Household Survey, the 2025 Labour Force Survey, and the 2024 Canadian Income Survey. An intersectional approach is used to explore the relationships between multiple diversity measures.

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Characteristics and median employment income of Canadian postsecondary graduates two years after graduation, by Indigenous identity, educational qualification (Classification of programs and credentials - professional degree variant) and field of study (Classification of Instructional Programs [CIP] Canada 2021 – STEM and BHASE groupings).

Description: Characteristics and median employment income of Canadian postsecondary graduates two years after graduation, by visible minority group, educational qualification (Classification of programs and credentials - professional degree variant) and field of study (Classification of Instructional Programs [CIP] Canada 2021 – Primary groupings).

Description: Characteristics and median employment income of Canadian postsecondary graduates two years after graduation, by visible minority group, educational qualification (Classification of programs and credentials - professional degree variant) and field of study (Classification of Instructional Programs [CIP] Canada 2021 – STEM and BHASE groupings).

Description: Estimates to support Sustainable Development Goals - Indicator 11.2.1: "Proportion of population that has convenient access to public transport, by sex, age and persons with disabilities" and the Canadian Indicator Framework - Indicator 11.4.1: "Percentage of the population living within 500 meters of a public transport stop."

Description: This interactive tool details the characteristics of racialized postsecondary students in Canada. This tool includes information on the number of Canadian students and graduates by population group, educational qualification, field of study, age group, and gender. Data are available at the national, provincial and territorial levels.

Description: Number of new entrants to postsecondary education by Indigenous identity, select educational qualifications (Classification of programs and credentials), field of study (Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2021 Version 1.0 Science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) and Business, humanities, health, arts, social science and education (BHASE) groupings), gender and age group.

Description: Number of Canadian postsecondary graduates by visible minority group, educational qualification (Classification of programs and credentials - professional degree variant), field of study (Variant of the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2021 Version 1.0 for Primary groupings), gender, and age group.

Description: Number of Canadian postsecondary graduates by visible minority group, educational qualification (Classification of programs and credentials - professional degree variant), field of study (Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2021 Version 1.0 Science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) and Business, humanities, health, arts, social science and education (BHASE) groupings), gender and age group.

Description: Number of Canadian postsecondary enrolments by visible minority group, educational qualification (Classification of programs and credentials - professional degree variant), field of study (Variant of the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2021 Version 1.0 for Primary groupings), gender, and age group.

Description: Number of Canadian postsecondary enrolments by visible minority group, educational qualification (Classification of programs and credentials - professional degree variant), field of study (Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2021 Version 1.0 Science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) and Business, humanities, health, arts, social science and education (BHASE) groupings), gender and age group.

Description:

This Juristat article provides and overview of the caseload and characteristics of adults admitted to and released from correctional services in 2008/2009, and shows trends in these data from 2004/2005. The article uses data from the Adult Correctional Services (ACS) Survey and the Integrated Correctional Services Survey (ICSS), and includes analysis of the number of admissions to provincial and territorial, and federal custody (sentenced custody, remand and other temporary detention) and to community supervision (probation, conditional sentences, statutory release and parole supervision). These data are examined based on key characteristics such as age, sex, Aboriginal identity, most serious offence and length of time served. An analysis of other characteristics, such as marital status, employment and education levels, is provided for adults in custody in the jurisdictions that provided detailed data (i.e., Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Ontario, Saskatchewan, and Correctional Service of Canada). Furthermore, a ten-year trend in the cost of correctional services is provided along with the number of correctional institutions operating in Canada.

Description:

Most Canadians retire by the age of 65. Some, however, continue to work well into their senior years. This article uses census data to study labour market activity among senior men and women. Trends in seniors employment rates and occupational and industrial profiles are outlined. In addition, 2006 data are used to study factors associated with employment and work intensity.

Description:

Women have made substantial gains in education over the last few decades and are now more likely to have a university degree than men. At the same time, the conjugal situation of female university graduates has changed considerably. Using data from the 1981 to 2006 Censuses, this article examines how the propensity to form unions (marriage or common-law) has changed for women with university degrees compared to those without a university education. It also compares the incidence of female university graduates forming unions with similarly educated males over time.

Description:

This study analyses data from the 2006 Aboriginal Children's Survey to identify some of the characteristics associated with the ability to understand an Aboriginal language among off-reserve First Nations children aged 2 to 5. More specifically, it examines the extent to which the home, the extended family, child care settings, and the broader community can contribute to the transmission of Aboriginal languages to young First Nations children living off reserve.

Description:

Homeownership affects investment, consumption, and savings decisions of households, and plays a major role in post-retirement well-being. This paper examines two questions. First, to what extent do Canadians acquire and retain homeownership at different life-course stages, particularly after retirement? Second, has the age profile of homeownership changed over generations?

Using data from eight Canadian censuses of population, conducted between 1971 and 2006, we find a strong regularity in the age profile of homeownership across generations of Canadians. The homeownership rate rises quickly with the age of household maintainers (i.e., the person(s) who pay(s) for shelter costs) in the period before the age of 40, and continues to climb thereafter at a slower pace until reaching the plateau near age 65, when about three quarters of Canadian households own their homes. We find that the homeownership rate changes little from age 65 to 74 but starts declining after age 75. As well, we note that the level at which homeownership plateaus has risen steadily across birth cohorts since the 1970s.

Description:

This research paper focuses on police-reported crime in Inuit Nunangat. Analysis is based on police-reported crime data from the 2006 to 2008 Incident-based Uniform Crime Reporting Survey and the 2006 Census of Population. Additional data come from the Homicide Survey from 2000 to 2008. Results show that crime rates are higher in Inuit Nunangat than in the rest of Canada. The impact of socioeconomic and demographic contexts on these differences is explored. In addition, results show that crime rates are lower in communities in Inuit Nunangat where alcohol is prohibited.

Description:

As Canada's population continues to become ethnoculturally diverse, there is greater opportunity for individuals to form conjugal relationships with someone from a different ethnocultural background. In this study, a mixed union, either marital or common-law, is based on one of two criteria: either one member of a couple belongs to a visible minority group and the other does not; or the couple belongs to different visible minority groups. Using data primarily from the 2006 Census of Population, this study examines the socio-demographic characteristics of mixed union couples in Canada. Studying mixed unions is important not only because these relationships reflect another aspect of the diversity of families today, but also for their implications in terms of social inclusion and identification with one or more visible minority groups, particularly for subsequent generations.

Description:

This report compares the aggregate income estimates as published by four different statistical programs. The System of National Accounts provides a portrait of economic activity at the macro economic level. The three other programs considered generate data from a micro-economic perspective: two are survey based (Census of Population and Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics) and the third derives all its results from administrative data (Annual Estimates for Census Families and Individuals). A review of the conceptual differences across the sources is followed by a discussion of coverage issues and processing discrepancies that might influence estimates. Aggregate income estimates with adjustments where possible to account for known conceptual differences are compared. Even allowing for statistical variability, some reconciliation issues remain. These are sometimes are explained by the use of different methodologies or data gathering instruments but they sometimes also remain unexplained.

Description:

This study focuses on university graduates whose studies would normally lead to employment in a regulated occupation such as medicine, law or education. It uses the 2006 Census to compute the proportion or match rates'of such graduates working in the occupations for which they studied. The match rates for immigrants are then compared to similar groups of the Canadian-born. The study also compares the types of jobs held by immigrants and the Canadian-born not working in occupations for which they studied.

Description:

The analysis presented in this bulletin suggests that there are two main forces that shape community population trajectories: sector restructuring and agglomeration. The results presented in this bulletin are based on data from the 1981 and 2006 Census of Population.

Description: Updated in April 2023 to include newly released data from the 2021 Census, the 2021 Census Teacher's Kit is for use in elementary, intermediate and secondary classes across the country. It includes five fun, classroom-ready activities that will help students gain an understanding of what the census is used for, how it is conducted, and the role it has played in shaping present-day Canada.

Description: This document presents a complete list of the social inclusion indicators for ethnocultural groups in Canada that are available on the homepage of our Gender, Diversity and Inclusion Statistics Hub. The information provided for each indicator includes a short description of the corresponding derivation, available data sources and reference years, and accessible levels of geographical disaggregation. Each indicator has various corresponding products (data tables, visualization tools and analytical documents).

Description: This video explains the key concepts of different levels of aggregation of income data such as household and family income; income concepts derived from key income variables such as adjusted income and equivalence scale; and statistics used for income data such as median and average income, quartiles, quintiles, deciles and percentiles.

Description: This video builds on concepts introduced in the other videos on income. It explains key low-income concepts - Market Basket Measure (MBM), Low income measure (LIM) and Low-income cut-offs (LICO) and the indicators associated with these concepts such as the low-income gap and the low-income ratio. These concepts are used in analysis of the economic well-being of the population.

Description: This video will help you understand the concept of first official language spoken. It explores the usefulness and relevance of the first official language spoken and how it is developed, disseminated and analyzed. You will also learn how the concept of first official language spoken takes into account knowledge of both official languages, mother tongue and language spoken most often at home.

Description: This video will help you understand the question about languages spoken at home and the main concepts and variables that flow from them. You will also learn to understand the differences between the concepts of all languages spoken regularly at home, languages spoken most often at home and other languages spoken regularly at home. It will also help you understand the changes that have been made to the question of languages spoken at home since the last census.

Description: This video is designed to give you a basic understanding of the Labour questions and concepts. It introduces the three subtopics of data that are collected from the 14 questions on labour. It will help you understand the target population of labour data, why labour questions are asked, and the reference periods of labour questions.

Description:

As is the case in advance of each Census, content consultations are being held with data users. The Census Content Consultation Guide gives you the opportunity to provide input.

Description: This reference guide provides information to help users effectively use and interpret income data from the 2021 Census. This guide contains definitions and explanations of concepts, questions, classifications, data quality and comparability with other sources for this topic.

Description: This video will explain the concept of minority official language. It provides information on the new census questions regarding instruction in the minority official language, eligibility for education in minority official language and the usefulness of data on language of instruction for planning purposes.