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  • 1. 1991 Census Public Use Microdata File: Individual File CD-ROM Archived
    Public use microdata: 95M0007X
    Description: Microdata files are unique among census products in that they give users access to unaggregated data. This makes the public use microdata files (PUMFs) powerful research tools. Each file contains anonymous individual responses on a large number of variables. The PUMF user can group and manipulate these variables to suit his/her own data and research requirements. Tabulations not included in other census products can be created or relationships between variables can be analysed by using different statistical tests. PUMFs provide quick access to a comprehensive social and economic database about Canada and its people. All subject-matter covered by the census is included in the microdata files. However, to ensure the anonymity of the respondents, geographic identifiers have been restricted to the provinces/territories and large metropolitan areas. Microdata files have traditionally been disseminated on magnetic tape, which required access to a mainframe computer. For the first time, the 1991 PUMFs will also be available on CD-ROM for microcomputer applications. This file contains data based on a 3% of the population enumerated in the 1991 Census. It provides information on the demographic, social and economic characteristics of the Canadian population. The Individual File allows users to return to the base unit of the census, enabling them to group and manipulate the data to suit their own data and research requirements.

    This product provides two basic tools to assist users in accessing and using the 1991 Census Public Use Microdata File - Individuals CD-ROM.

    Release date: 2023-09-12
  • 2. Individuals File (Flat ASCII File), 2001 Census (Public Use Microdata Files)
    Public use microdata: 95M0016X
    Description: This file provides data on the characteristics of the population. The 2001 Census Public Use Microdata Files (PUMFs) contain samples of anonymous responses to the 2001 Census questionnaire. The files have been carefully scrutinized to ensure the complete confidentiality of the individual responses. Three files are available: the Individuals File, the Families File, and the Households and Housing File.

    Microdata files are unique among census products in that they give users access to non-aggregated data. The PUMFs user can group and manipulate these variables to suit data and research requirements. Tabulations excluded from other census products can be created or relationships between variables can be analysed using different statistical tests. PUMFs provide quick access to a comprehensive social and economic database about Canada and its people.

    Most of the subject matter covered by the census is included in the microdata files. To ensure the respondents' anonymity, geographic identifiers have been restricted to provinces/territories and large metropolitan areas.

    Note: Please be advised that errors have been detected in the data for two variables contained on the revised version of this CD-ROM. As well, we have added a unique record identifier called PPSORT, built/included in the file for administrative purposes only. The affected variables are: Income status (2000 low income cut-offs) (INCSTP) Ethnic origin (ETHNICRA) Further details can be found in the "Errata" file offered in several formats on the new, re-issued CD-ROM. Original release date - February 8, 2005 1rst Correction - released August 24, 2005 2nd Correction - released April 26, 2006

    Release date: 2023-09-12
  • 3. Social inclusion indicators for Canada’s ethnocultural groups: Income and wealth
    Data Visualization: 71-607-X2023009
    Description: This interactive data visualization tool uses graphs to present social inclusion indicators under the theme of Income and wealth. The indicators (average employment income, low income and other economic housing characteristics) can be disaggregated by visible minority and selected sociodemographic characteristics for the population in private households. Data are available for Canada, geographical regions of Canada, province or territory and census metropolitan area. This data visualization tool is part of a broader conceptual framework on social inclusion and covers a total of 11 themes. Each theme has a similar interactive visualization tool.
    Release date: 2023-03-29
  • 4. Diversity Among Board Directors and Officers: Exploratory Estimates on Family, Work and Income
    Articles and reports: 11F0019M2021005
    Description:

    This study provides the first socioeconomic profile of women board directors and officers in Canada from an intersectional lens. Linking data from the Corporations Returns Act with those from the 2016 Census, exploratory estimates are presented. The study analyzes disparities in family, work and income characteristics, mainly by gender and visible minority status. Further, it informs on the types of businesses in which diverse women executives contribute to corporate governance and strategic decision making.

    Release date: 2021-05-18
  • 5. A profile of workers in the homelessness support sector
    Articles and reports: 75F0002M2019010
    Description:

    This study aims to profile workers in the homelessness support field. This group was defined by classifying workers based on specific occupations and industry of employment. Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, various socio-economic characteristics for these workers are presented. The study profiles these individuals by geography, age, sex, educational attainment, Aboriginal identity and visible minority status. The study also addresses their work patterns, earnings and low income status. Some discussion of the limitations of available data and insights into potential future areas for research follow.

    Release date: 2019-09-23
  • 6. Visible Minority (15), Age (15A), Sex (3) and Selected Demographic, Cultural, Labour Force, Educational and Income Characteristics (900) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data
    Table: 98-400-X2016192
    Geography: Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census agglomeration, Census metropolitan area part, Census agglomeration part
    Description:

    This table presents visible minority, age, sex and selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics for the population in private households of Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations.

    Release date: 2018-05-30
  • 7. Visible Minority (15), Economic Family Income Decile Group (13), Generation Status (4), Age (12) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data
    Table: 98-400-X2016212
    Geography: Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census agglomeration, Census metropolitan area part, Census agglomeration part
    Description:

    This table presents visible minority, economic family income decile group, generation status, age and sex for the population in private households of Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations.

    Release date: 2018-03-28
  • 8. Visible Minority (15), Income Sources and Taxes (16), Income Statistics (5), Generation Status (4), Age (10) and Sex (3) for the Population Aged 15 Years and Over in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data
    Table: 98-400-X2016213
    Geography: Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census agglomeration, Census metropolitan area part, Census agglomeration part
    Description:

    This table presents visible minority, income sources and taxes, income statistics, generation status, age and sex for the population aged 15 Years and over in private households of Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations.

    Release date: 2018-03-28
  • 9. Visible Minority (15), Total Income Groups (17), Generation Status (4), Age (9) and Sex (3) for the Population Aged 15 Years and Over in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, and Census Metropolitan Areas, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data
    Table: 98-400-X2016214
    Geography: Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area part
    Description:

    This table presents visible minority, total income groups, generation status, age and sex for the population aged 15 years and over in private households of Canada, provinces and territories, and census metropolitan areas.

    Release date: 2018-03-28
  • 10. Visible Minority (15), Income Statistics (17), Generation Status (4), Age (10) and Sex (3) for the Population Aged 15 Years and Over in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data
    Table: 98-400-X2016210
    Geography: Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census agglomeration, Census metropolitan area part, Census agglomeration part
    Description:

    This table presents visible minority, income statistics, generation status, age and sex for the population aged 15 and over in private households of Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations.

    Release date: 2017-10-25
Data (22)

Data (22) (0 to 10 of 22 results)

Analysis (11)

Analysis (11) (0 to 10 of 11 results)

  • 1. Diversity Among Board Directors and Officers: Exploratory Estimates on Family, Work and Income
    Articles and reports: 11F0019M2021005
    Description:

    This study provides the first socioeconomic profile of women board directors and officers in Canada from an intersectional lens. Linking data from the Corporations Returns Act with those from the 2016 Census, exploratory estimates are presented. The study analyzes disparities in family, work and income characteristics, mainly by gender and visible minority status. Further, it informs on the types of businesses in which diverse women executives contribute to corporate governance and strategic decision making.

    Release date: 2021-05-18
  • 2. A profile of workers in the homelessness support sector
    Articles and reports: 75F0002M2019010
    Description:

    This study aims to profile workers in the homelessness support field. This group was defined by classifying workers based on specific occupations and industry of employment. Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, various socio-economic characteristics for these workers are presented. The study profiles these individuals by geography, age, sex, educational attainment, Aboriginal identity and visible minority status. The study also addresses their work patterns, earnings and low income status. Some discussion of the limitations of available data and insights into potential future areas for research follow.

    Release date: 2019-09-23
  • 3. Persons living in low-income neighbourhoods Archived
    Stats in brief: 99-014-X201100311861
    Description:

    These two short articles provide complementary analysis to the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) analytical document on the composition of income in Canada. They focus on specific topics of interest. The first NHS in Brief is entitled Education and occupations of high-income Canadians, and the second, Persons living in low-income neighbourhoods.

    Release date: 2013-09-11
  • 4. Life after teenage motherhood Archived
    Articles and reports: 75-001-X200810513209
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    The general view is that teenage childbearing will have long-term negative effects on the well-being of the mother-- she may have more difficulty completing high school, which means she may be less likely to pursue postsecondary education and acquire skills for better jobs. Since low-skilled jobs tend to pay less, teenage mothers would have a higher likelihood of living in low income. This study looks at women aged 30 to 39 to determine whether teenage childbearing is related to lower long-term socioeconomic characteristics, with the focus on educational attainment, labour force participation, and living in low income.

    Release date: 2008-06-18
  • 5. The Dynamics of Housing Affordability Archived
    Articles and reports: 75F0002M2008001
    Description:

    Shelter is the biggest expenditure most households make and its affordability can have an impact on the wellbeing of household members. For this reason, housing affordability is closely watched by a wide range of stakeholders - from housing advocates to policy analysts - interested in the welfare of Canadians. Measuring affordability involves comparing housing costs to a household's ability to meet them. One common measure is the shelter-cost-to-income-ratio (STIR). The 30% level is commonly accepted as the upper limit for affordable housing. Housing affordability is also a critical input to Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation's core housing need indicator which is used by governments to help design, deliver, fund and evaluate social housing programs. This report, jointly authored by Statistics Canada and CMHC, focuses purely on the dynamics of housing affordability, not on core housing need. It examines the likelihood of spending 30% or more of household income on shelter, how often this occurs, whether it is occasional or persistent, and contrasts those spending 30% or more to those spending less. Cross-sectional estimates indicate that around 19% of Canadians lived in households spending more than the affordability benchmark in 2002. Longitudinally however, less than 9% lived in households that spent above the benchmark in each year between 2002 and 2004, while another 19% lived in households spending above the benchmark for either one or two years. The attributes associated with the highest probabilities of living in a household spending above the affordability benchmark were: living alone, being a female lone parent, renting, being an immigrant, or living in Vancouver or Toronto. In addition, those living in households experiencing some kind of transition between 2002 and 2004 period had a higher probability of exceeding the benchmark at least once during the period. Such transitions included renters with a change in rent-subsidy status, those who changed from owner to renter or vice versa, those who changed family type (for example, marrying or divorcing), and those who moved between cities. Notably, those experiencing these transitions did not exceed the benchmark persistently.

    Release date: 2008-01-25
  • 6. Is Post-secondary Access More Equitable in Canada or the United States? Archived
    Articles and reports: 11F0019M2005244
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This comparative study investigates the role of family background characteristics in postsecondary access in Canada and the United States. Given that postsecondary schooling is funded very differently in the two countries, family background may play substantively different roles. The findings suggest that university-going is less common among lower-income students and members of a visible minority group in the U.S. than among their Canadian counterparts. Some possible reasons are discussed.

    Release date: 2005-03-15
  • 7. Who Goes? The Direct and Indirect Effects of Family Background on Access to Post-secondary Education Archived
    Articles and reports: 11F0019M2005237
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This research finds that family background (parental education level, family type, ethnicity, location) has important direct and indirect effects on post-secondary participation. The indirect effects of background operate through a set of intermediate variables representing high school outcomes and related attitudes and behaviours. Overall, the large fraction of the family background effect that operates through indirect channels indicates that the period of life before post-secondary financing and related issues become important is crucial for equitable and efficient post-secondary access. These results are based on two sex-specific measures of access (Any Post-secondary, and University) obtained from Statistics Canada's School Leavers and Follow-Up Surveys.

    Release date: 2005-01-18
  • 8. Low-paid workers: How many live in low-income families? Archived
    Articles and reports: 75-001-X200411013128
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    Who were the low-wage earners in 2000, what proportion lived in low-income families, and how did the situation change between 1980 and 2000? Low wages need not mean economic hardship: for example young people living with their parents or spouses who are secondary earners may not be at risk. However, groups such as recent immigrants, lone mothers, and unattached individuals may well be at risk.

    Release date: 2004-10-26
  • 9. Low income among immigrants and visible minorities Archived
    Articles and reports: 75-001-X200410413117
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This paper examines the economic challenges of moving to a new country.

    Release date: 2004-06-14
  • 10. The Gender Composition and Wages: Why is Canada Different from the United States? Archived
    Articles and reports: 11F0019M2000140
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    The correlation of occupational gender composition and wages is the basis of pay equity/comparable worth legislation. A number of previous studies have examined this correlation in US data, identifying some of the determinants of low wages in "female jobs", as well as important limitations of public policy in this area. There is little evidence, however, from other jurisdictions. This omission is particularly disturbing in the case of Canada, which now has some of the most extensive pay equity legislation in the world. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive picture, circa the late 1980's, of the occupational gender segregation in Canada and its consequences for wages. We also draw explicit comparisons of our findings to evidence for the United States. We find that the link between female wages and gender composition is much stronger in the United States than in Canada, where it is generally small and not statistically significant. The relatively more advantageous position of women in female jobs in Canada is found to be linked to higher unionization rates and the industry-wage effects of "public goods" sectors.

    Release date: 2000-09-05
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