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  • Articles and reports: 11-626-X2019011
    Geography: Census metropolitan area
    Description: From 1980 to 2017, Canada welcomed 1,088,000 refugees, an average of about 30,000 per year. For many refugees, homeownership is an important milestone in their path to social and economic integration. This article in the Economic Insights series highlights new data on homeownership among residents who came to Canada as resettled refugees. It reports on how the stock of refugee-owned housing in Vancouver and Toronto compares to that of Canadian-born residents, highlighting differences in property values across various segments of the housing market. Information on the location, age and size of properties and on the age and income of property owners is used to assess relative differences in property values between the two groups. Estimates are based on data developed by the Canadian Housing Statistics Program, released in December 2018.
    Release date: 2019-06-18

  • Articles and reports: 11F0019M2004221
    Geography: Census metropolitan area
    Description:

    This study examines the expansion of visible minority neighbourhoods in Canada's three largest metropolitan areas from 1981 to 2001.

    Release date: 2004-07-02

  • Articles and reports: 11-008-X20030046803
    Geography: Census metropolitan area
    Description:

    This article examines the expansion of visible minority neighbourhoods in Canada's three largest census metropolitan areas (CMAs) and explores how visible minority neighbourhoods were formed.

    Release date: 2004-03-09

  • Articles and reports: 11F0019M2003206
    Geography: Census metropolitan area
    Description:

    Since the 1960s, the social complexion of Toronto's urban landscape has been irreversibly altered as new waves of migrants from Africa, Asia, the Caribbean, and Central and South America have replaced traditional white European migrant flows. This product examines the very different residential settlement patterns of Toronto's three largest racial minorities - Blacks, Chinese and South Asians.

    Unlike previous studies based on aggregate level data and 'ecological' correlations, this product assesses the capacity of conventional spatial assimilation theory to account for these differences, using 'locational attainment' models estimated with micro-data from the 1996 Census of Canada. Conclusions show that the residential settlement patterns of South Asians and, strikingly, Blacks fit the expectations of the conventional spatial assimilation model rather well. Initial settlement is in disadvantaged immigrant enclaves from which longer-term, more successful migrants subsequently exit as they purchase homes in more affluent neighbourhoods. Although Toronto's 'Black neighbourhoods' are decidedly poorer than other minority neighbourhoods, most Blacks do not live in these neighbourhoods. In contrast, Chinese immigrants move quickly to purchase homes in somewhat more affluent and enduring ethnic communities. This product shows that, rather than being historically novel, however, the Chinese are replicating the settlement pattern of earlier southern European (particularly Italian) immigrants and for much the same reasons (i.e., relative advantage in the housing market and low levels of language assimilation).

    Release date: 2003-07-30

  • Articles and reports: 11F0019M2003204
    Geography: Canada, Census metropolitan area
    Description:

    Using Census data from 1981, 1986, 1991 and 1996, this study examined the association between living in a visible minority enclave and immigrants' labour market outcomes in Canada's three largest cities. The results showed that the number of such enclaves, defined as census tracts with at least 30% of the population from a single visible minority group (Chinese, South Asian or Black), increased from 6 in 1981 to 142 in 1996, mostly in Toronto and Vancouver. The association between exposure to own-group neighbours and employment was at times negative, but generally not significant. Exposure to own-group neighbours and working in a segregated occupation was positively, but not significantly, associated. Little association existed between exposure and employment earnings. However, there were some important group differences. The associations between exposure to own-group neighbours and labour market outcomes were usually very weak among Chinese immigrants, but often negative and strong among Black immigrants.

    Release date: 2003-07-09

  • Articles and reports: 11-008-X19990024660
    Geography: Census metropolitan area
    Description:

    This article examines Canada's growing visible minority population in Toronto, Vancouver and Montreal.

    Release date: 1999-09-09
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