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1. Statistics Canada International Symposium Series: Proceedings
Journals and periodicals: 11-522-X
Description: Since 1984, an annual international symposium on methodological issues has been sponsored by Statistics Canada. Proceedings have been available since 1987.
Release date: 2024-06-28
2. Improvements to the Canadian Income Survey Methodology for the 2022 Reference Year
Articles and reports: 75F0002M2024005
Description: The Canadian Income Survey (CIS) has introduced improvements to the methods and data sources used to produce income and poverty estimates with the release of its 2022 reference year estimates. Foremost among these improvements is a significant increase in the sample size for a large subset of the CIS content. The weighting methodology was also improved and the target population of the CIS was changed from persons aged 16 years and over to persons aged 15 years and over. This paper describes the changes made and presents the approximate net result of these changes on the income estimates and data quality of the CIS using 2021 data. The changes described in this paper highlight the ways in which data quality has been improved while having little impact on key CIS estimates and trends.
Release date: 2024-04-26
3. Children born into vulnerability: Challenges encountered in a Quebec longitudinal survey Archived
Articles and reports: 11-522-X202200100010
Description: Growing Up in Québec is a longitudinal population survey that began in the spring of 2021 at the Institut de la statistique du Québec. Among the children targeted by this longitudinal follow-up, some will experience developmental difficulties at some point in their lives. Those same children often have characteristics associated with higher sample attrition (low-income family, parents with a low level of education). This article describes the two main challenges we encountered when trying to ensure sufficient representativeness of these children, in both the overall results and the subpopulation analyses.
Release date: 2024-03-25
4. Design-based conformal prediction
Articles and reports: 12-001-X202300200007
Description: Conformal prediction is an assumption-lean approach to generating distribution-free prediction intervals or sets, for nearly arbitrary predictive models, with guaranteed finite-sample coverage. Conformal methods are an active research topic in statistics and machine learning, but only recently have they been extended to non-exchangeable data. In this paper, we invite survey methodologists to begin using and contributing to conformal methods. We introduce how conformal prediction can be applied to data from several common complex sample survey designs, under a framework of design-based inference for a finite population, and we point out gaps where survey methodologists could fruitfully apply their expertise. Our simulations empirically bear out the theoretical guarantees of finite-sample coverage, and our real-data example demonstrates how conformal prediction can be applied to complex sample survey data in practice.
Release date: 2024-01-03
5. Improvements to the Canadian Income Survey Methodology for the 2021 Reference Year
Articles and reports: 75F0002M2023005
Description: The Canadian Income Survey (CIS) has introduced improvements to the methods and systems used to produce income estimates with the release of its 2021 reference year estimates. This paper describes the changes and presents the approximate net result of these changes on income estimates using data for 2019 and 2020. The changes described in this paper highlight the ways in which data quality has been improved while producing minimal impact on key CIS estimates and trends.
Release date: 2023-08-29
6. Multiple-frame surveys for a multiple-data-source world
Articles and reports: 12-001-X202100200008
Description:
Multiple-frame surveys, in which independent probability samples are selected from each of Q sampling frames, have long been used to improve coverage, to reduce costs, or to increase sample sizes for subpopulations of interest. Much of the theory has been developed assuming that (1) the union of the frames covers the population of interest, (2) a full-response probability sample is selected from each frame, (3) the variables of interest are measured in each sample with no measurement error, and (4) sufficient information exists to account for frame overlap when computing estimates. After reviewing design, estimation, and calibration for traditional multiple-frame surveys, I consider modifications of the assumptions that allow a multiple-frame structure to serve as an organizing principle for other data combination methods such as mass imputation, sample matching, small area estimation, and capture-recapture estimation. Finally, I discuss how results from multiple-frame survey research can be used when designing and evaluating data collection systems that integrate multiple sources of data.
Release date: 2022-01-06
7. Validation of the Food Security Module in the 2018 Longitudinal and International Study of Adults
Articles and reports: 89-648-X2020004
Description:
This technical report is intended to validate the Longitudinal and International Study of Adults (LISA) Wave 4 (2018) Food Security (FSC) module and provide recommendations for analytical use. Section 2 of this report provides an overview of the LISA data. Section 3 provides some background information of food security measures in national surveys and why it is significant in today's literature. Section 4 analyzes FSC data by presenting key descriptive statistics and logic checks using LISA methodology as well as outside researcher information. In section 5, certification validation was done by comparing other Canadian national surveys that have used the FSC module to the one used by LISA. Finally in section 6, key findings and their implications with regard to LISA are outlined.
Release date: 2020-11-02
8. 2019 Census Content Test: Design and methodology Archived
Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 98-20-00012020020
Description:
This fact sheet provides detailed insight into the design and methodology of the content test component of the 2019 Census Test. This test evaluated changes to the wording and flow of some questions, as well as the potential addition of new questions, to help determine the content of the 2021 Census of Population.

Release date: 2020-07-20
9. Census of Agriculture Content Consultation Report
Notices and consultations: 95-635-X
Description: To stay relevant, preparing for a new Census of Agriculture requires a thorough evaluation of data requirements. Before each census, Statistics Canada conducts consultations to solicit input and feedback on the Census of Agriculture's content. This report describes those consultations and the process that was followed to test and determine which topics could be potentially retained for the next census.
Release date: 2019-10-02
10. An assessment of accuracy improvement by adaptive survey design Archived
Articles and reports: 12-001-X201900200008
Description:
High nonresponse occurs in many sample surveys today, including important surveys carried out by government statistical agencies. An adaptive data collection can be advantageous in those conditions: Lower nonresponse bias in survey estimates can be gained, up to a point, by producing a well-balanced set of respondents. Auxiliary variables serve a twofold purpose: Used in the estimation phase, through calibrated adjustment weighting, they reduce, but do not entirely remove, the bias. In the preceding adaptive data collection phase, auxiliary variables also play a major role: They are instrumental in reducing the imbalance in the ultimate set of respondents. For such combined use of auxiliary variables, the deviation of the calibrated estimate from the unbiased estimate (under full response) is studied in the article. We show that this deviation is a sum of two components. The reducible component can be decreased through adaptive data collection, all the way to zero if perfectly balanced response is realized with respect to a chosen auxiliary vector. By contrast, the resisting component changes little or not at all by a better balanced response; it represents a part of the deviation that adaptive design does not get rid of. The relative size of the former component is an indicator of the potential payoff from an adaptive survey design.
Release date: 2019-06-27

Data (1)

Data (1) ((1 result))

1. The Cost of Independence: Socio-economic Profiles of Independent Truck Drivers Archived
Table: 53F0002X
Description:
Nearly 50,000 or one in five (22%) Canadian truck drivers on the road in 1998 were independent truckers or "owner-operators". However, similar to other forms of self-employment, the net-earnings and socio-economic characteristics of owner-operators have often been ignored by researchers for reasons of analytical convenience or data limitations. New data products recently released by Statistics Canada such as the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) have the potential to fill much of this gap. The 1997 SLID cross-sectional micro-data files offer a limited but meaningful insight into the work patterns of the owner-operator population, complementing and validating well-established business surveys such as the annual Small for-hire carrier and Owner-operator Survey (SFO). The purpose of this study, through a multivariate analysis of the 1997 SLID and the 1997 SFO survey, was to compare the work patterns and backgrounds of owner-operators to company drivers (paid truck drivers employed by carriers). The study found that while drivers may choose to be self-employed to gain independence, owner-operators tend to work longer hours to meet fixed and variable costs, in return for lower after-tax earnings and a greater likelihood of high work-life stress. The analysis also found that the odds of self-employment among truckers were highest among drivers over 40 years of age with no post-secondary training.
Release date: 2000-06-07

Analysis (195)

Analysis (195) (0 to 10 of 195 results)

1. Statistics Canada International Symposium Series: Proceedings
Journals and periodicals: 11-522-X
Description: Since 1984, an annual international symposium on methodological issues has been sponsored by Statistics Canada. Proceedings have been available since 1987.
Release date: 2024-06-28
2. Improvements to the Canadian Income Survey Methodology for the 2022 Reference Year
Articles and reports: 75F0002M2024005
Description: The Canadian Income Survey (CIS) has introduced improvements to the methods and data sources used to produce income and poverty estimates with the release of its 2022 reference year estimates. Foremost among these improvements is a significant increase in the sample size for a large subset of the CIS content. The weighting methodology was also improved and the target population of the CIS was changed from persons aged 16 years and over to persons aged 15 years and over. This paper describes the changes made and presents the approximate net result of these changes on the income estimates and data quality of the CIS using 2021 data. The changes described in this paper highlight the ways in which data quality has been improved while having little impact on key CIS estimates and trends.
Release date: 2024-04-26
3. Children born into vulnerability: Challenges encountered in a Quebec longitudinal survey Archived
Articles and reports: 11-522-X202200100010
Description: Growing Up in Québec is a longitudinal population survey that began in the spring of 2021 at the Institut de la statistique du Québec. Among the children targeted by this longitudinal follow-up, some will experience developmental difficulties at some point in their lives. Those same children often have characteristics associated with higher sample attrition (low-income family, parents with a low level of education). This article describes the two main challenges we encountered when trying to ensure sufficient representativeness of these children, in both the overall results and the subpopulation analyses.
Release date: 2024-03-25
4. Design-based conformal prediction
Articles and reports: 12-001-X202300200007
Description: Conformal prediction is an assumption-lean approach to generating distribution-free prediction intervals or sets, for nearly arbitrary predictive models, with guaranteed finite-sample coverage. Conformal methods are an active research topic in statistics and machine learning, but only recently have they been extended to non-exchangeable data. In this paper, we invite survey methodologists to begin using and contributing to conformal methods. We introduce how conformal prediction can be applied to data from several common complex sample survey designs, under a framework of design-based inference for a finite population, and we point out gaps where survey methodologists could fruitfully apply their expertise. Our simulations empirically bear out the theoretical guarantees of finite-sample coverage, and our real-data example demonstrates how conformal prediction can be applied to complex sample survey data in practice.
Release date: 2024-01-03
5. Improvements to the Canadian Income Survey Methodology for the 2021 Reference Year
Articles and reports: 75F0002M2023005
Description: The Canadian Income Survey (CIS) has introduced improvements to the methods and systems used to produce income estimates with the release of its 2021 reference year estimates. This paper describes the changes and presents the approximate net result of these changes on income estimates using data for 2019 and 2020. The changes described in this paper highlight the ways in which data quality has been improved while producing minimal impact on key CIS estimates and trends.
Release date: 2023-08-29
6. Multiple-frame surveys for a multiple-data-source world
Articles and reports: 12-001-X202100200008
Description:
Multiple-frame surveys, in which independent probability samples are selected from each of Q sampling frames, have long been used to improve coverage, to reduce costs, or to increase sample sizes for subpopulations of interest. Much of the theory has been developed assuming that (1) the union of the frames covers the population of interest, (2) a full-response probability sample is selected from each frame, (3) the variables of interest are measured in each sample with no measurement error, and (4) sufficient information exists to account for frame overlap when computing estimates. After reviewing design, estimation, and calibration for traditional multiple-frame surveys, I consider modifications of the assumptions that allow a multiple-frame structure to serve as an organizing principle for other data combination methods such as mass imputation, sample matching, small area estimation, and capture-recapture estimation. Finally, I discuss how results from multiple-frame survey research can be used when designing and evaluating data collection systems that integrate multiple sources of data.
Release date: 2022-01-06
7. Validation of the Food Security Module in the 2018 Longitudinal and International Study of Adults
Articles and reports: 89-648-X2020004
Description:
This technical report is intended to validate the Longitudinal and International Study of Adults (LISA) Wave 4 (2018) Food Security (FSC) module and provide recommendations for analytical use. Section 2 of this report provides an overview of the LISA data. Section 3 provides some background information of food security measures in national surveys and why it is significant in today's literature. Section 4 analyzes FSC data by presenting key descriptive statistics and logic checks using LISA methodology as well as outside researcher information. In section 5, certification validation was done by comparing other Canadian national surveys that have used the FSC module to the one used by LISA. Finally in section 6, key findings and their implications with regard to LISA are outlined.
Release date: 2020-11-02
8. An assessment of accuracy improvement by adaptive survey design Archived
Articles and reports: 12-001-X201900200008
Description:
High nonresponse occurs in many sample surveys today, including important surveys carried out by government statistical agencies. An adaptive data collection can be advantageous in those conditions: Lower nonresponse bias in survey estimates can be gained, up to a point, by producing a well-balanced set of respondents. Auxiliary variables serve a twofold purpose: Used in the estimation phase, through calibrated adjustment weighting, they reduce, but do not entirely remove, the bias. In the preceding adaptive data collection phase, auxiliary variables also play a major role: They are instrumental in reducing the imbalance in the ultimate set of respondents. For such combined use of auxiliary variables, the deviation of the calibrated estimate from the unbiased estimate (under full response) is studied in the article. We show that this deviation is a sum of two components. The reducible component can be decreased through adaptive data collection, all the way to zero if perfectly balanced response is realized with respect to a chosen auxiliary vector. By contrast, the resisting component changes little or not at all by a better balanced response; it represents a part of the deviation that adaptive design does not get rid of. The relative size of the former component is an indicator of the potential payoff from an adaptive survey design.
Release date: 2019-06-27
9. Using balanced sampling in creel surveys Archived
Articles and reports: 12-001-X201800254954
Description:
These last years, balanced sampling techniques have experienced a recrudescence of interest. They constrain the Horvitz Thompson estimators of the totals of auxiliary variables to be equal, at least approximately, to the corresponding true totals, to avoid the occurrence of bad samples. Several procedures are available to carry out balanced sampling; there is the cube method, see Deville and Tillé (2004), and an alternative, the rejective algorithm introduced by Hájek (1964). After a brief review of these sampling methods, motivated by the planning of an angler survey, we investigate using Monte Carlo simulations, the survey designs produced by these two sampling algorithms.
Release date: 2018-12-20
10. Active travel and adults’ health: The 2007-to-2011 Canadian Health Measures Survey Archived
Articles and reports: 82-003-X201600414490
Description:
This analysis examines associations between utilitarian walking and cycling and objective measures of physical activity, body composition, physical fitness and cardiovascular disease risk factors in a nationally representative sample of Canadians aged 20 to 79.
Release date: 2016-04-20

Reference (30)

Reference (30) (20 to 30 of 30 results)

21. Methodology of the Survey of Household Spending Archived
Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 62F0026M2001003
Description:
This document provides a detailed description of the methodology of the Survey of Household Spending. Topics covered include: target population; sample design; data collection; data processing; weighting and estimation; estimation of sampling error; and data suppression and confidentiality.
Release date: 2001-10-15
22. Dual system estimation and the 2001 Census coverage surveys of the U.K. Archived
Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-522-X19990015682
Description:
The application of dual system estimation (DSE) to matched Census / Post Enumeration Survey (PES) data in order to measure net undercount is well understood (Hogan, 1993). However, this approach has so far not been used to measure net undercount in the UK. The 2001 PES in the UK will use this methodology. This paper presents the general approach to design and estimation for this PES (the 2001 Census Coverage Survey). The estimation combines DSE with standard ratio and regression estimation. A simulation study using census data from the 1991 Census of England and Wales demonstrates that the ratio model is in general more robust than the regression model.
Release date: 2000-03-02
23. Diagnostics for comparison and combined use of diary and interview data from the U.S. consumer expenditure survey Archived
Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-522-X19990015686
Description:
The U.S. Consumer Expenditure Survey uses two instruments, a diary and an in-person interview, to collect data on many categories of consumer expenditures. Consequently, it is important to use these data efficiently to estimate mean expenditures and related parameters. Three options are: (1) use only data from the diary source; (2) Use only data from the interview source; and (3) use generalized least squares, or related methods, to combine the diary and interview data. Historically, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics has focused on options (1) and (2) for estimation at the five or six-digit Universal Classification Code level. Evaluation and possible implementation of option (3) depends on several factors, including possible measurement biases in the diary and interview data; the empirical magnitude of these biases, relative to the standard errors of customary mean estimators; and the degree of homogeneity of these biases across strata and periods. This paper reviews some issues related to options (1) through (3); describes a relatively simple generalized least squares method for implementation of option (3); and discussed the need for diagnostics to evaluate the feasibility and relative efficiency of the generalized least squares method.
Release date: 2000-03-02
24. Sampling and Weighting (Reference Products: Technical Reports: 1996 Census of Population) Archived
Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 92-371-X
Description:
This report deals with sampling and weighting, a process whereby certain characteristics are collected and processed for a random sample of dwellings and persons identified in the complete census enumeration. Data for the whole population are then obtained by scaling up the results for the sample to the full population level. The use of sampling may lead to substantial reductions in costs and respondent burden, or alternatively, can allow the scope of a census to be broadened at the same cost.
Release date: 1999-12-07
25. Weighting versus modeling in adjusting for non-response in the British Labour Force Survey: An application to gross flows estimation Archived
Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-522-X19980015019
Description:
The British Labour Force Survey (LFS) is a quarterly household survey with a rotating sample design that can potentially be used to produce longitudinal data, including estimates of labour force gross flows. However, these estimates may be biased due to the effect of non-response. Weighting adjustments are a commonly used method to account for non-response bias. We find that weighting may not fully account for the effect of non-response bias because non-response may depend on the unobserved labour force flows, i.e., the non-response is non-ignorable. To adjust for the effects of non-ignorable non-response, we propose a model for the complex non-response patterns in the LFS which controls for the correlated within-household non-response behaviour found in the survey. The results of modelling suggest that non-response may be non-ignorable in the LFS, causing the weighting estimates to be biased.
Release date: 1999-10-22
26. A new longitudinal processing system for the Survey of Income and Program Participation Archived
Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-522-X19980015021
Description:
The U.S. Bureau of the Census implemented major changes to the design of the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) with the panel begun in 1996. The revised survey design emphasized longitudinal applications and the Census Bureau attempted to understand and resolve the seam bias common to longitudinal surveys. In addition to the substantive and administrative redesign of the survey, the Census Bureau is improving the data processing procedures which yield microdata files for the public to analyse. The wave-by-wave data products are being edited and imputed with a longitudinal element rather than cross-sectionally, carrying forward information from a prior wave that is missing in the current wave. The longitudinal data products will be enhanced, both by the redesigned survey and new processing procedures. Simple methods of imputing data over time are being replaced with more sophisticated methods that do not attenuate seam bias. The longitudinal sample is expanding to include more observations which were nonrespondents in one or more waves. Longitudinal weights will be applied to the file to support person-based longitudinal analysis for calendar years or longer periods of time (up to four years).
Release date: 1999-10-22
27. Tools for inference on dynamics of low income status Archived
Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-522-X19980015025
Description:
The log-linear modelling of categorical longitudinal survey data on income is studied. An emphasis is on inference about change. Special attention is paid to modelling of longitudinal data from two waves. A small illustration is based on data from the Canadian Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics.
Release date: 1999-10-22
28. Marginal models for repeated observations: Inference with survey data Archived
Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-522-X19980015029
Description:
In longitudinal surveys, sample subjects are observed over several time points. This feature typically leads to dependent observations on the same subject, in addition to the customary correlations across subjects induced by the sample design. Much research in the literature has focussed on modeling the marginal mean of a response as a function of covariates. Liang and Zeger (1986) used generalized estimating equations (GEE), requiring only correct specification of the marginal mean, and obtained standard errors of regression parameter estimates and associated Wald tests, assuming a "working" correlation structure for the repeated measurements on a sample subject. Rotnitzky and Jewell (1990) developed quasi-score tests and Rao-Scott adjustments to "working" quasi-score tests under marginal models. These methods are asymptotically robust to misspecification of the within-subject correlation structure, but assume independence of sample subjects which is not satisfied for complex longitudinal survey data based on stratified multi-stage sampling. We proposed asymptotically valid Wald and quasi-score tests for longitudinal survey data, using the Taylor Linearization and jackknife methods. Alternative tests, based on Rao-Scott adjustments to naive tests that ignore survey design features and on Bonferroni-t, are also developed. These tests are particularly useful when the effective degrees of freedom, usually taken as the total number of sample primary units (clusters) minus the number of strata, is small.
Release date: 1999-10-22
29. Probability of victimization over time: Results from the U.S. National Crime Victimization Survey Archived
Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-522-X19980015033
Description:
Victimizations are not randomly scattered through the population, but tend to be concentrated in relatively few victims. Data from the U.S. National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), a multistage rotating panel survey, are employed to estimate the conditional probabilities of being a crime victim at time t given the victimization status in earlier interviews. Models are presented and fit to allow use of partial information from households that move in or out of the housing unit during the study period. The estimated probability of being a crime victim at interview t given the status at interview (t-l) is found to decrease with t. Possible implications for estimating cross-sectional victimization rates are discusssed.
Release date: 1999-10-22
30. Estimation with partial overlap longitudinal samples Archived
Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-522-X19980015035
Description:
In a longitudinal survey conducted for k periods some units may be observed for less than k of the periods. Examples include, surveys designed with partially overlapping subsamples, a pure panel survey with nonresponse, and a panel survey supplemented with additional samples for some of the time periods. Estimators of the regression type are exhibited for such surveys. An application to special studies associated with the National Resources Inventory is discussed.
Release date: 1999-10-22

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