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Description: This dashboard provides an interactive view of eight indicators from the Quality of Life Framework for Canada: Life satisfaction, sense of meaning and purpose, future outlook, loneliness, someone to count on, sense of belonging to local community, perceived mental health, and perceived health. The data can be organized by province, gender and other characteristics such as age group. This dashboard is based on quarterly data from the Canadian Social Survey.

Description: This fact sheet offers a summary of content changes for the 2026 Census specific to the following topics: date of birth (age), sex at birth and gender, relationship to Person 1, and marital status. The tested changes for each topic are explained, along with the resulting approach for 2026.

Description: This product presents information from the Census of Population for various levels of geography. Data include characteristics for: population, age, sex, dwellings, families, marital status, language, income, education and labour as examples.

Starting with the age and sex major day of release and on major days of release thereafter, profile component data are available at the Canada, province and territory, economic region, census division, census subdivision, census metropolitan area, census agglomeration, population centre, census tract, designated place, federal electoral district and dissemination area. This product may be downloaded in various formats, they include CSV, TAB, IVT or XML.

Description: Microdata files are unique among census products in that they give users access to unaggregated data. This makes the public use microdata files (PUMFs) powerful research tools. Each file contains anonymous individual responses on a large number of variables. The PUMF user can group and manipulate these variables to suit his/her own data and research requirements. Tabulations not included in other census products can be created or relationships between variables can be analysed by using different statistical tests. PUMFs provide quick access to a comprehensive social and economic database about Canada and its people. All subject-matter covered by the census is included in the microdata files. However, to ensure the anonymity of the respondents, geographic identifiers have been restricted to the provinces/territories and large metropolitan areas. Microdata files have traditionally been disseminated on magnetic tape, which required access to a mainframe computer. For the first time, the 1991 PUMFs will also be available on CD-ROM for microcomputer applications. This file contains data based on a 3% of the population enumerated in the 1991 Census. It provides information on the demographic, social and economic characteristics of the Canadian population. The Individual File allows users to return to the base unit of the census, enabling them to group and manipulate the data to suit their own data and research requirements.

This product provides two basic tools to assist users in accessing and using the 1991 Census Public Use Microdata File - Individuals CD-ROM.

Description: Microdata files are unique among census products in that they give users access to unaggregated data. This makes the public use microdata files (PUMFs) powerful research tools. Each file contains anonymous individual responses on a large number of variables. The PUMF user can group and manipulate these variables to suit his/her own data and research requirements. Tabulations not included in other census products can be created or relationships between variables can be analysed by using different statistical tests. PUMFs provide quick access to a comprehensive social and economic database about Canada and its people. All subject-matter covered by the census is included in the microdata files. However, to ensure the anonymity of the respondents, geographic identifiers have been restricted to the provinces/territories and large metropolitan areas. Microdata files have traditionally been disseminated on magnetic tape, which required access to a mainframe computer. For the first time, the 1991 PUMFs will also be available on CD-ROM for microcomputer applications. This file contains data based on a 3% of the population enumerated in the 1991 Census. It provides information on the demographic, social and economic characteristics of the Canadian population. The Households and Housing File allows users to return to the base unit of the census, enabling them to group and manipulate the data to suit their own data and research requirements.

This product provides two basic tools to assist users in accessing and using the 1991 Census Public Use Microdata File - Households and Housing CD-ROM.

Description: Using record linkage, this article compares marital status as identified in the 2015 T1 tax data to what was provided in the 2016 Census using record linkage.

Description: This product presents information from the Census of Population for various levels of geography. Data are from the 2021 Census of Population and are available according to the major releases of the 2021 Census release dates: February 9, 2022 – Population and dwelling counts; April 27, 2022 – Age, Sex at birth and gender, Type of dwelling; July 13, 2022 – Families, households and marital status, Canadian military experience, Income; August 17, 2022 – Language; September 21, 2022 – Indigenous peoples, Housing; October 26, 2022 – Immigration, place of birth, and citizenship, Ethnocultural and religious diversity, Mobility and migration; November 30, 2022 – Education, Labour, Language of work, Commuting, Instruction in the official minority language.

Description: This product presents information from the Census of Population for various levels of geography. Data are from the 2021 Census of Population and are available according to the major releases of the 2021 Census release dates: February 9, 2022 – Population and dwelling counts; April 27, 2022 – Age, Sex at birth and gender, Type of dwelling; July 13, 2022 – Families, households and marital status, Canadian military experience, Income; August 17, 2022 – Language; September 21, 2022 – Indigenous peoples, Housing; October 26, 2022 – Immigration, place of birth, and citizenship, Ethnocultural and religious diversity, Mobility and migration; November 30, 2022 – Education, Labour, Language of work, Commuting, Instruction in the official minority language.

Description: This product presents information from the Census of Population for various levels of geography. Data are from the 2021 Census of Population and are available according to the major releases of the 2021 Census release dates: February 9, 2022 – Population and dwelling counts; April 27, 2022 – Age, Sex at birth and gender, Type of dwelling; July 13, 2022 – Families, households and marital status, Canadian military experience, Income; August 17, 2022 – Language; September 21, 2022 – Indigenous peoples, Housing; October 26, 2022 – Immigration, place of birth, and citizenship, Ethnocultural and religious diversity, Mobility and migration; November 30, 2022 – Education, Labour, Language of work, Commuting, Instruction in the official minority language.

Description: This product presents information from the Census of Population for various levels of geography. Data are from the 2021 Census of Population and are available according to the major releases of the 2021 Census release dates: February 9, 2022 – Population and dwelling counts; April 27, 2022 – Age, Sex at birth and gender, Type of dwelling; July 13, 2022 – Families, households and marital status, Canadian military experience, Income; August 17, 2022 – Language; September 21, 2022 – Indigenous peoples, Housing; October 26, 2022 – Immigration, place of birth, and citizenship, Ethnocultural and religious diversity, Mobility and migration; November 30, 2022 – Education, Labour, Language of work, Commuting, Instruction in the official minority language.

Description:

Using 2011 Census data, this profile provides a statistical overview of the age and sex as well as families, households, marital status, structural type of dwelling and collectives and language characteristics for Canada, provinces, territories, census divisions, census subdivisions and dissemination areas.

In the census product line, groups of related variables are referred to as 'release components of profiles.' These are made available with the major releases of variables of the census cycle, starting with age and sex. Together, they will form a complete Census Profile of all the variables for each level of geography, plus one cumulative profile for the dissolved census subdivisions.

Starting with the age and sex major day of release, and on major days of release thereafter, profile component data are available at the Canada, province and territory, economic region, census division and census subdivision levels, at the census metropolitan area, census agglomeration, population centre, and census tract levels, designated places, and at the federal electoral district (based on the 2003 Representation Order) level. Profile component data for all other standard geographic areas, including dissemination areas, dissolved census subdivisions, and forward sortation areas, will be available after the major days of release.

Description:

Using 2011 Census data, this profile provides a statistical overview of the age and sex variables as well as families, households, marital status, structural type of dwelling and collectives and language characteristics for Canada, provinces, territories, census divisions and census subdivisions.

In the census product line, groups of related variables are referred to as 'release components of profiles.' These are made available with the major releases of variables of the census cycle, starting with age and sex. Together, they will form a complete Census Profile of all the variables for each level of geography, plus one cumulative profile for the dissolved census subdivisions.

Starting with the age and sex major day of release, and on major days of release thereafter, profile component data are available at the Canada, province and territory, economic region, census division and census subdivision levels, at the census metropolitan area, census agglomeration, population centre, and census tract levels, designated places, and at the federal electoral district (based on the 2003 Representation Order) level. Profile component data for all other standard geographic areas, including dissemination areas, dissolved census subdivisions, and forward sortation areas, will be available after the major days of release.

Description:

Using 2011 Census data, this profile provides a statistical overview of the age and sex as well as families, households, marital status, structural type of dwelling and collectives and language characteristics for census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations.

In the census product line, groups of related variables are referred to as 'release components of profiles.' These are made available with the major releases of variables of the census cycle, starting with age and sex. Together, they will form a complete Census Profile of all the variables for each level of geography, plus one cumulative profile for the dissolved census subdivisions.

Starting with the age and sex major day of release, and on major days of release thereafter, profile component data are available at the Canada, province and territory, economic region, census division and census subdivision levels, at the census metropolitan area, census agglomeration, population centre, and census tract levels, designated places, and at the federal electoral district (based on the 2003 Representation Order) level. Profile component data for all other standard geographic areas, including dissemination areas, dissolved census subdivisions, and forward sortation areas, will be available after the major days of release.

Description:

Using 2011 Census data, this profile provides a statistical overview of the age and sex as well as families, households, marital status, structural type of dwelling and collectives and language characteristics for census metropolitan areas, tracted census agglomerations and census tracts.

In the census product line, groups of related variables are referred to as 'release components of profiles.' These are made available with the major releases of variables of the census cycle, starting with age and sex. Together, they will form a complete Census Profile of all the variables for each level of geography, plus one cumulative profile for the dissolved census subdivisions.

Starting with the age and sex major day of release, and on major days of release thereafter, profile component data are available at the Canada, province and territory, economic region, census division and census subdivision levels, at the census metropolitan area, census agglomeration, population centre, and census tract levels, designated places, and at the federal electoral district (based on the 2003 Representation Order) level. Profile component data for all other standard geographic areas, including dissemination areas, dissolved census subdivisions, and forward sortation areas, will be available after the major days of release.

Description:

Using 2011 Census data, this profile provides a statistical overview of the age and sex variables as well as families, households, marital status, structural type of dwelling and collectives and language characteristics for census metropolitan areas, census agglomerations and census subdivisions.

In the census product line, groups of related variables are referred to as 'release components of profiles.' These are made available with the major releases of variables of the census cycle, starting with age and sex. Together, they will form a complete Census Profile of all the variables for each level of geography, plus one cumulative profile for the dissolved census subdivisions.

Starting with the age and sex major day of release, and on major days of release thereafter, profile component data are available at the Canada, province and territory, economic region, census division and census subdivision levels, at the census metropolitan area, census agglomeration, population centre, and census tract levels, designated places, and at the federal electoral district (based on the 2003 Representation Order) level. Profile component data for all other standard geographic areas, including dissemination areas, dissolved census subdivisions, and forward sortation areas, will be available after the major days of release.

Description:

Using 2011 Census data, this profile provides a statistical overview of the age and sex variables as well as families, households, marital status, structural type of dwelling and collectives and language characteristics for Canada, provinces, territories and federal electoral districts (2003 Representation Order).

In the census product line, groups of related variables are referred to as 'release components of profiles.' These are made available with the major releases of variables of the census cycle, starting with age and sex. Together, they will form a complete Census Profile of all the variables for each level of geography, plus one cumulative profile for the dissolved census subdivisions.

Starting with the age and sex major day of release, and on major days of release thereafter, profile component data are available at the Canada, province and territory, economic region, census division and census subdivision levels, at the census metropolitan area, census agglomeration, population centre, and census tract levels, designated places, and at the federal electoral district (based on the 2003 Representation Order) level. Profile component data for all other standard geographic areas, including dissemination areas, dissolved census subdivisions, and forward sortation areas, will be available after the major days of release.

Description:

Using 2011 Census data, this profile provides a statistical overview of the age and sex as well as families, households, marital status, structural type of dwelling and collectives and language characteristics for designated places.

In the census product line, groups of related variables are referred to as 'release components of profiles.' These are made available with the major releases of variables of the census cycle, starting with age and sex. Together, they will form a complete Census Profile of all the variables for each level of geography, plus one cumulative profile for the dissolved census subdivisions.

Starting with the age and sex major day of release, and on major days of release thereafter, profile component data are available at the Canada, province and territory, economic region, census division and census subdivision levels, at the census metropolitan area, census agglomeration, population centre, and census tract levels, designated places, and at the federal electoral district (based on the 2003 Representation Order) level. Profile component data for all other standard geographic areas, including dissemination areas, dissolved census subdivisions, and forward sortation areas, will be available after the major days of release.

Description:

Using 2011 Census data, this profile provides a statistical overview of the age and sex as well as families, households, marital status, structural type of dwelling and collectives and language characteristics for population centres.

In the census product line, groups of related variables are referred to as 'release components of profiles.' These are made available with the major releases of variables of the census cycle, starting with age and sex. Together, they will form a complete Census Profile of all the variables for each level of geography, plus one cumulative profile for the dissolved census subdivisions.

Starting with the age and sex major day of release, and on major days of release thereafter, profile component data are available at the Canada, province and territory, economic region, census division and census subdivision levels, at the census metropolitan area, census agglomeration, population centre, and census tract levels, designated places, and at the federal electoral district (based on the 2003 Representation Order) level. Profile component data for all other standard geographic areas, including dissemination areas, dissolved census subdivisions, and forward sortation areas, will be available after the major days of release.

Description:

Using 2011 Census data, this profile provides a statistical overview of the age and sex variables as well as families, households, marital status, structural type of dwelling and collectives and language characteristics for economic regions.

In the census product line, groups of related variables are referred to as 'release components of profiles.' These are made available with the major releases of variables of the census cycle, starting with age and sex. Together, they will form a complete Census Profile of all the variables for each level of geography, plus one cumulative profile for the dissolved census subdivisions.

Starting with the age and sex major day of release, and on major days of release thereafter, profile component data are available at the Canada, province and territory, economic region, census division and census subdivision levels, at the census metropolitan area, census agglomeration, population centre, and census tract levels, designated places, and at the federal electoral district (based on the 2003 Representation Order) level. Profile component data for all other standard geographic areas, including dissemination areas, dissolved census subdivisions, and forward sortation areas, will be available after the major days of release.

Description:

This topic presents data on the language composition of Canada and illustrates the linguistic characteristics of the Canadian population, including mother tongue, knowledge of official languages, first official language spoken and languages spoken at home.

This topic also presents data on language retention and language transmission by the parents to the child by other demographic characteristics. Data on languages are presented at the person level.

Description:

The financial security of widowed and divorced women during their retirement years has long been a concern. This paper places this issue within the context of research on replacement rates, the extent to which family income during the working years (here, the mid-50s) is "replaced" as individuals move into their late 70s. Using a longitudinal database and fixed-effects econometric models, the paper assesses the effect of widowhood/widowerhood and divorce after age 55 on replacement rates during the retirement years.

Description:

This Juristat article presents information on violent and household victimization as reported by Canadians aged 55 years and older living in the ten provinces during 2009. It analyses the characteristics associated with such incidents, including the socio-demographic characteristics of victims (e.g. age, marital status), offender characteristics (e.g. number of offenders, sex), reporting incidents to police, consequences of victimization, and perceptions of personal safety and sense of community belonging.

Description:

In this study, the long-term impact on earnings of attending post-secondary education institutions following job loss is estimated using a large longitudinal administrative database of Canadian workers. A difference-in-difference model is used for this purpose. The results suggest that, over the period spanning five years preceding and nine years following job loss, workers who attended post-secondary education shortly after displacement saw their earnings increase by almost $7,000 more than displaced workers who did not. Significant benefits are found by sex, age, marital status, and union coverage, with the exception of men aged 35 to 44 years. Despite the benefits of education, job displacement is found to be associated with only a modest increase in post-secondary education attendance for all groups examined.

Description: This is the thirteenth annual Family Violence in Canada: A Statistical Profile report produced by the Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics under the Federal Family Violence Initiative. This annual report provides the most current data on the nature and extent of family violence in Canada, as well as trends over time, as part of the ongoing initiative to inform policy makers and the public about family violence issues. Each year the report has a different focus. This year, the focus of the report is on self-reported incidents of spousal victimization from the 2009 General Social Survey on Victimization. In addition, using police-reported data, the report also presents information on family violence against children and youth, family violence against seniors, and family-related homicides.

Description:

Women have made substantial gains in education over the last few decades and are now more likely to have a university degree than men. At the same time, the conjugal situation of female university graduates has changed considerably. Using data from the 1981 to 2006 Censuses, this article examines how the propensity to form unions (marriage or common-law) has changed for women with university degrees compared to those without a university education. It also compares the incidence of female university graduates forming unions with similarly educated males over time.

Description:

This publication presents a series of research articles based on longitudinal data from the National Population Health Survey Household Component and addresses important health issues. It also provides links to tables, other research articles and information about the survey.

By following the same individuals every two years since 1994/1995, this survey has become a key source of health information on how lifestyle, family and economic factors affect the population's health over time.

The longitudinal nature of the articles and health data that are presented is what makes this publication original.

Description:

The next census will be conducted in May 2011. Being a major survey, it presents a formidable challenge for Statistics Canada and requires a great deal of time and resources. Careful planning has been done to ensure that all deadlines are met. A number of steps have been planned in the questionnaire testing process. These tests apply to both census content and the proposed communications strategy. This paper presents an overview of the strategy, with a focus on combining qualitative studies with the 2008 quantitative study so that the results can be analyzed and the proposals properly evaluated.

Description: This report offers highlights from the 2007 Canada Survey of Giving, Volunteering, and Participating (CSGVP) which was undertaken to better understand how Canadians support individuals and communities on their own or through their involvement with charitable and non-profit organizations. For this survey, thousands of Canadians aged 15 and over were asked how they: gave money and other resources to individuals and to organizations; volunteered time to help others and to enhance their communities; and participated in the practices which help give substance to active citizenship. The results from this survey allow this report to tell a story about who Canada's volunteers and charitable donors are and the ways in which they contribute to our society.

Description:

This article describes the methods used to link census data from the long-form questionnaire to mortality data, and reports simple findings for the major groups, defined by income, education, occupation, language and ethnicity, Aboriginal or visible minority status, and disability status.

Description:

After many years of public discussion about Canada's aging population, the leading edge of the baby boom generation is now on the cusp of retirement. Focusing on Canadians aged 45 to 59, this article examines the age at which individuals intend to retire, the certainty of their plans, and their expectations regarding their retirement income. Evidence from the 2007 General Social Survey is used to show how retirement plans and expectations are related to demographic, employment and financial characteristics.

Description: This fact sheet offers a summary of content changes for the 2026 Census specific to the following topics: date of birth (age), sex at birth and gender, relationship to Person 1, and marital status. The tested changes for each topic are explained, along with the resulting approach for 2026.

Description: This reference guide provides information to help users effectively use and interpret family, household and marital status data from the 2021 Census. This guide contains definitions and explanations of concepts, questions, classifications, data quality and comparability with other sources for this topic.

Description: This video is designed to give you a basic understanding of the demographic variable "marital status" and how this variable is created and used. The concepts legal marital status, common-law status and de-facto marital status, are explained to allow you to better understand, analyze and build census data tables using the marital status variable.

Description:

This topic presents data on the Aboriginal peoples of Canada and their demographic characteristics. Depending on the application, estimates using any of the following concepts may be appropriate for the Aboriginal population: (1) Aboriginal identity, (2) Aboriginal ancestry, (3) Registered or Treaty Indian status and (4) Membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Data from the 2011 National Household Survey are available for the geographical locations where these populations reside, including 'on reserve' census subdivisions and Inuit communities of Inuit Nunangat as well as other geographic areas such as the national (Canada), provincial and territorial levels.

Analytical products

The analytical document provides analysis on the key findings and trends in the data, and is complimented with the short articles found in NHS in Brief and the NHS Focus on Geography Series.

Data products

The NHS Profile is one data product that provides a statistical overview of user selected geographic areas based on several detailed variables and/or groups of variables. Other data products include data tables which represent a series of cross tabulations ranging in complexity and are available for various levels of geography.

Description:

This guide focuses on the following topic: Family variables.

Provides information that enables users to effectively use, apply and interpret data from the 2006 Census. Each guide contains definitions and explanations on census concepts, data quality and historical comparability. Additional information will be included for specific variables to help general users better understand the concepts and questions used in the census.

Description:

This report focuses on five demographic variables: date of birth, age, sex, marital status and common-law status. The report describes how the data were collected, verified, processed, edited and imputed. The final section covers how the data were evaluated.

Description:

This paper presents the questions, possible responses and question flows for the 2001 Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) preliminary questionnaire.

Description:

The new product entitled "2001 Census Standard Products Stubsets" provides detailed information about all census variables, by category. It is released on the Internet only.

This series includes six general reference products: Preview of Products and Services, Census Dictionary, Catalogue, Standard Products Stubsets, Census Handbook and Technical Reports.

Description:

This document presents the information for the new entry exit portion of the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) labour interview.

Description:

As the population ages, a greater demand for long-term care services and, in particular, nursing homes is expected. Policy analysts continue to search for alternative, less costly forms of care for the elderly and have attempted to develop programs to delay or prevent nursing-home entry. Health care administrators required information for planning the future demand for nursing-home services. This study assesses the relative importance of predisposing, enabling, and need characteristics in predicting and understanding nursing-home entry.