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All (110)

All (110) (60 to 70 of 110 results)

  • 61. Low-income children Archived
    Articles and reports: 75-001-X200810513210
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    There was almost no change in the proportion of children under age 18 living in a low-income family from 1989 to 2004, despite government interventions and a strong economy since the 1990/1992 recession. In addition, the disparity between well-off and low-income children increased, the economic situation of families of well-off children having improved. Family situation and parents, insufficient employment had the greatest influence on children's vulnerability to low income. It is a changing phenomenon, as few children remain in low income for several consecutive years.

    Release date: 2008-06-18
  • 62. Low Income Cut-offs for 2007 and Low Income Measures for 2006 Archived
    Articles and reports: 75F0002M2008004
    Description:

    Low income cut-offs (LICOs) are income thresholds, determined by analysing family expenditure data, below which families will devote a larger share of income to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing than the average family would. To reflect differences in the costs of necessities among different community and family sizes, LICOs are defined for five categories of community size and seven of family size.

    Low income Measures (LIMs), on the other hand, are strictly relative measures of low income, set at 50% of adjusted median family income. These measures are categorized according to the number of adults and children present in families, reflecting the economies of scale inherent in family size and composition. This publication incorporates a detailed description of the methods used to arrive at both measurements. It also explains how base years are defined and how LICOs are updated using the Consumer Price Index.

    Release date: 2008-06-04
  • 63. A Comparison of Rural and Urban Workers Living in Low Income Archived
    Articles and reports: 21-006-X2007004
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    The objective of this paper is to document the characteristics of the rural and urban working poor specifically, those individuals living in a low-income economic family unit in 2003, who were not full-time students and who worked for pay for at least one hour in 2003. We then present some of the factors associated with their situation.

    Release date: 2008-01-14
  • 64. Chronic Low Income and Low-income Dynamics Among Recent Immigrants Archived
    Articles and reports: 11F0019M2007294
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    The deteriorating economic outcomes among immigrants entering during the 1980s and 1990s have prompted much public concern and policy debate. In 1993, immigrant selection procedures were further modified to increase immigrants' educational attainment and the share of immigrants in the "skilled" economic class. By 2000, dramatic increases in the educational attainment of entering immigrants and the share in the skilled class were observed. In the face of these and other changes, this research focuses on three issues: (1) whether entering immigrants economic outcomes improved after 2000 (the last date for which we have such information from the census), (2) low-income dynamics among successive cohorts of entering immigrants, including changes in the entry and exit probabilities, and the extent of "chronic" low income among successive cohorts, and, (3) whether rising educational attainment and increasing share in the "skilled" class resulted in improvements in economic outcomes as measured by poverty entry, exit and chronic low income.

    Release date: 2007-01-30
  • 65. Bayesian analysis of nonignorable missing categorical data: An application to bone mineral density and family income Archived
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X20050029048
    Description:

    We consider a problem in which an analysis is needed for categorical data from a single two-way table with partial classification (i.e., both item and unit nonresponses). We assume that this is the only information available. A Bayesian methodology permits modeling different patterns of missingness under ignorability and nonignorability assumptions. We construct a nonignorable nonresponse model which is obtained from the ignorable nonresponse model via a model expansion using a data-dependent prior; the nonignorable nonresponse model robustifies the ignorable nonresponse model. A multinomial-Dirichlet model, adjusted for the nonresponse, is used to estimate the cell probabilities, and a Bayes factor is used to test for association. We illustrate our methodology using data on bone mineral density and family income. A sensitivity analysis is used to assess the effects of the data-dependent prior. The ignorable and nonignorable nonresponse models are compared using a simulation study, and there are subtle differences between these models.

    Release date: 2006-02-17
  • 66. Skills, Innovation and Growth: Key Issues for Rural and Territorial Development - A Survey of the Literature Archived
    Articles and reports: 21-601-M2005076
    Description:

    This report reviews the literature related to the spatial variation of skills and human capital and its implication for local innovation capacity and economic development. The report develops around three major themes 1) skills and human capital; 2) innovation and technological change; and 3) growth.

    Release date: 2005-11-15
  • 67. Ten Things to Know About Canadian Metropolitan Areas: A Synthesis of Statistics Canada's Trends and Conditions in Census Metropolitan Areas Series Archived
    Articles and reports: 89-613-M2005009
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    The "Trends and Conditions in Census Metropolitan Areas" series of reports provides key background information on Canadian census metropolitan areas (CMAs) for the period 1981 to 2001. Based primarily on census data, this series provides substantial information and analysis on several topics: low income, health, immigration, culture, housing, labour markets, industrial structure, mobility, public transit and commuting, and Aboriginal people. This final assessment summarizes the major findings of the eight reports and evaluates what has been learned. It points out that the series has three key contributions. First, it details how place matters. Census metropolitan areas differ greatly in many indicators, and their economic and social differences are important factors that define them. Accordingly, policy prescriptions affecting cities may need to reflect this diversity. Second, the series contributes substantially to the amount of data and analysis needed to make accurate policy assessments of what may be ailing in Canada's largest cities and where each problem is most acute. Third, it provides benchmarks against which future data 'most notably data from the 2006 Census' can be examined. This summary also briefly discusses some subjects which were not covered in the series, identifying these as data gaps, or areas where more research is needed.

    Release date: 2005-09-21
  • 68. Low-paid Work and Economically Vulnerable Families over the Last Two Decades Archived
    Articles and reports: 11F0019M2005248
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    We examine the evolution of low-paid work and the position of economically vulnerable families in Canada over the last two decades. Despite substantial growth in workers' educational attainment and experience, the proportion of jobs paying less than $10.00 per hour has remained fairly stable since the early 1980s. However, union coverage in low-paid jobs has dropped, especially for males. The risk of job loss has changed little but the proportion of newly hired employees who hold temporary jobs has increased markedly, thereby indicating important changes in the employer-employee relationship. Despite their rising educational attainment, most low earners (except women aged 25 to 29) have not seen their chances of escaping low earnings improved between the 1980s and the 1990s.

    Of all full-time employees, 5% were low-paid and lived in low income families in 1980 and 2000. In 2000, individuals with no high school diploma, recent immigrants, unattached individuals, lone mothers and persons living alone accounted for fully 71% of all full-time workers in low-paid jobs and in low-income, but only 37% of all full-time workers. While members of these five groups account for the majority of low-paid workers in low-income families, two of these groups have seen their economic position declined significantly: low-educated couples and recent immigrants.

    Release date: 2005-04-25
  • 69. Summary Of: Low-paid Work and Economically Vulnerable Families over the Last Two Decades Archived
    Articles and reports: 11F0019M2005249
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This article summarizes findings from recent research papers in the Business and Labour Market Analysis Division of Statistics Canada, regarding low-paid work and economically vulnerable families. It begins by focusing on the evolution of wages in Canada between 1981 and 2004, and then turns to a close-hand look at low-paid work over these two decades. Next, it asks to what extent low-paid workers live in low income families, before documenting the deteriorating position in the labour marker of low-educated couples and recent immigrants.

    Release date: 2005-04-25
  • 70. Is Post-secondary Access More Equitable in Canada or the United States? Archived
    Articles and reports: 11F0019M2005244
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This comparative study investigates the role of family background characteristics in postsecondary access in Canada and the United States. Given that postsecondary schooling is funded very differently in the two countries, family background may play substantively different roles. The findings suggest that university-going is less common among lower-income students and members of a visible minority group in the U.S. than among their Canadian counterparts. Some possible reasons are discussed.

    Release date: 2005-03-15
Data (2)

Data (2) ((2 results))

  • 1. Ontario Material Deprivation Survey (OMDS), 2009 Public Use Microdata File
    Public use microdata: 75M0012X
    Description:

    The Ontario Material Deprivation Survey (OMDS) was conducted on behalf of the Ontario Government. The OMDS was fielded in March and April 2009 as a supplement to the Labour Force Survey. The aim was to gauge the ability of families to satisfy basic material needs such as food, clothing, housing, as well as social needs of participation and leisure. The survey included questions about ten items deemed to be necessities, due to lack of resources, as well as questions on income. The list of ten items came from a 2008 study by the Daily Bread Food Bank of Toronto. The survey was designed to produce estimates of the incidence of missing two or more items (out of ten) for Ontario and various geographic subgroups. It was also designed to provide contextual data on demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of Ontario families and individuals.

    Release date: 2010-03-31
  • 2. Incidence of Low Income (4) Among Economic Families by Family Characteristics (10), Unattached Individuals 15 Years and Over by Sex (3) and Population in Private Households by Age Groups (13), for Canada, Provinces, Territories and Census Metropolitan Areas, 1990 and 1995 (20% Sample Data) Archived
    Table: 93F0029X1996010
    Description:

    Series Description - The Nation Series (1996 Census of Population) is the first released series where basic data at a high level of geography are presented on variables collected by the 1996 Census.There are a total of 143 tables in the Nation Series which cover all census variables.The Complete Edition CDROM, Catalogue number 93F0020XCB96004 contains the cumulative set of all data tables from all Nation Series CDROMs.This comprehensive CDROM provides a full range of statistics on characteristics of the population which includes:Demographic information (100% data only for Age and Sex, Marital Status and Common-law Unions); Families (Number, Type and Structure); Structural Type of Dwelling and Household Size; Immigration and Citizenship; Languages; Aboriginal Origin, Ethnic Origin and Visible Minorities (Population Groups); Labour Market Activities and Household Activities (unpaid work); Place of Work and Mode of Transportation; Education; Mobility and Migration; Family, Dwellings and Household Information; as well as Individual and Family Income. Selected variables, such as occupation, are available to illustrate the analytical potential of the data based on cross-tabulations (i.e. sex by age and occupation).These data are national in coverage and provide information for Canada, provinces and territories and, in some tabulations, census metropolitan area levels. Some tables include comparisons with data from earlier censuses to provide an historical perspective.A variety of Nation Series data table extracts presenting social and economic characteristics of the Canadian population are available at the Statistics Canada Census Web site (www.statcan.gc.ca).

    Release date: 1998-05-12
Analysis (105)

Analysis (105) (0 to 10 of 105 results)

  • 1. What we heard report: Engagement activities for the third comprehensive review of the Market Basket Measure
    Articles and reports: 75F0002M2024006
    Description: This paper details the outreach and engagement activities undertaken since the launch of the third comprehensive review of Market Basket Measure (MBM) in June 2023, and provides a summary of what Statistics Canada and Employment and Social Development Canada (ESDC) heard during this period. It also outlines the next steps of the review process which will lead to the creation of the 2023-base methodology.
    Release date: 2024-10-29
  • 2. A demographic, employment and income profile of persons with disabilities aged 15 years and over in Canada, 2022
    Articles and reports: 89-654-X2024001
    Description: This article is the first main release by Statistics Canada based on findings from the 2022 Canadian Survey on Disability (CSD). It is divided into three sections—demographics, employment, and income—and provides a general snapshot on persons with disabilities to inform on government priorities and community interest in the areas of disability prevalence, labour market participation, and income inequality. Where possible, the report will be compared with results from the 2017 CSD to provide insight into changes over the past five years.
    Release date: 2024-05-28
  • 3. Income of Canadians, 2022
    Stats in brief: 11-627-M2024019
    Description: This infographic presents some highlights from the 2022 Canadian Income Survey data.
    Release date: 2024-04-26
  • 4. Canada's Official Poverty Dashboard of Indicators: Trends, April 2024
    Stats in brief: 11-627-M2024020
    Description: Canada’s Poverty Reduction Strategy introduced the Official Poverty Line for Canada and a dashboard of 12 indicators to track progress on poverty reduction for Canadians and their households. This infographic presents trend information for Canada's official poverty rate and the associated 12 indicators.
    Release date: 2024-04-26
  • 5. International Women's Day 2024
    Stats in brief: 89-28-0001202200100009
    Description: International Women’s Day, March 8, 2024, is an opportunity to highlight the status of progress made towards achieving gender equality, as well as celebrate women’s and girls’ social, economic, cultural, and political contributions and achievements. This article uses data from various Statistics Canada sources to examine women’s and girls’ experiences with poverty in Canada through an intersectional lens.
    Release date: 2024-03-08
  • 6. Market Basket Measure research paper: An analysis of the equivalization method
    Articles and reports: 75F0002M2024004
    Description: This discussion paper begins by providing the reasons for why equivalization methods are used. Following this, the square root scale is described and the motivations for using the square root scale are discussed. Third, a series of new tests are conducted to evaluate the efficiency of the square root scale, and these results are discussed in some detail as they reveal many insights. The final section of the paper raises considerations for creating Market Basket Measure (MBM) thresholds for different types of families, such as unattached individuals and those including seniors or persons with disabilities.

    The paper also provides an opportunity for the public and stakeholders to share feedback and comments in measuring poverty by different family characteristics in Canada.
    Release date: 2024-02-22
  • 7. Estimation of Energy Poverty Rates Using the 2021 Census of Population
    Articles and reports: 46-28-0001202400100001
    Description: This report examines the energy poverty rates using the data from the 2021 Census. It presents the energy poverty rates by various dwelling and household characteristics. It examines the how energy poverty rates change when indirect payments for dwelling energy are estimated and included in the definition.
    Release date: 2024-02-20
  • 8. Market Basket Measure research paper: Examining shelter and transportation costs within census metropolitan area Market Basket Measure regions
    Articles and reports: 75F0002M2024003
    Description: This research paper examines shelter and transportation costs within census metropolitan areas (CMAs). The paper begins by describing a proposed methodology for delineating urban and suburban sub-regions within CMA Market Basket Measure (MBM) regions. It then presents new shelter and transportation costs based on the new delineations and assesses the extent to which differences in costs between urban and suburban sub-regions differ. The analysis concludes by examining how the new delineations would impact the estimation of poverty rates had they been implemented. This paper also provides an opportunity for the public and stakeholders to provide feedback and comments.
    Release date: 2024-02-15
  • 9. Market Basket Measure research paper: Applying the Market Basket Measure methodology to an administrative data source
    Articles and reports: 75F0002M2024002
    Description: This discussion paper describes considerations for applying the Market Basket Measure (MBM) methodology onto a purely administrative data source. The paper will begin by outlining a rationale for estimating MBM poverty statistics using administrative income data sources. It then explains a proposal for creating annual samples along with the caveats of creating these samples, followed by a brief analysis using the proposed samples. The paper concludes with potential future improvements to the samples and provides the opportunity for reader’s feedback.
    Release date: 2024-02-08
  • 10. Modelled Market Basket Measure poverty rates for 2022 and 2023
    Articles and reports: 75F0002M2024001
    Description: This paper provides provisional poverty rates for the 2022 and 2023 reference years using a previously published regression model. The model has been updated to use most recently available data from Distributed Household Economic Accounts (DHEA), the Canadian Income Survey (CIS) and Consumer Price Indexes (CPI).
    Release date: 2024-01-18
Reference (3)

Reference (3) ((3 results))

  • 1. Income Trends in Canada (1980-2000): User's Guide Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 75F0002M2002006
    Description:

    This user's guide provides a detailed description of the CD-ROM Income trends in Canada (Catalogue no. 13F0022XCB). It also provides a glossary and a description of the major concepts, as well as an overview of the data source, the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID).

    Release date: 2002-11-19
  • 2. Should the Low Income Cut-offs Be Updated? A Summary of Feedback on Statistics Canada's Discussion Paper Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 75F0002M2000011
    Description:

    This report summarizes the comments received in response to a discussion paper on low income cut-offs released in January 2000.

    Release date: 2000-09-26
  • 3. Should the Low Income Cutoffs Be Updated? A Discussion Paper Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 75F0002M1999009
    Description:

    This paper describes the issues around updating the low income cut-offs as well as Statistics Canada's findings and proposes a course of action.

    Release date: 2000-01-12
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