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- 31. Sample design of the 1988 National Farm Survey ArchivedArticles and reports: 12-001-X199000114553Description:
The National Farm Survey is a sample survey which produces annual estimates on a variety of subjects related to agriculture in Canada. The 1988 survey was conducted using a new sample design. This design involved multiple sampling frames and multivariate sampling techniques different from those of the previous design. This article first describes the strategy and methods used to develop the new sample design, then gives details on factors affecting the precision of the estimates. Finally, the performance of the new design is assessed using the 1988 survey results.
Release date: 1990-06-15 - Articles and reports: 12-001-X199000114554Description:
The problem considered is that of estimation of the total of a finite population which is stratified at two levels: a deeper level which has low intrastratum variability but is not known until the first phase of sampling, and a known pre-stratification which is relatively effective, unit by unit, in predicting the deeper post-stratification. As an important example, the post-stratification may define two groups corresponding to responders and non-responders in the situation of two-phase sampling for non-response. The estimators of Vardeman and Meeden (1984) are employed in a variety of situations where different types of prior information are assumed. In a general case, the standard error relative to that of the usual methods is studied via simulation. In the situation where no prior information is available and where proportional sampling is employed, the estimator is unbiased and its variance is approximated. Here, the variance is always lower than that of the usual double sampling for stratification. Also, without prior information, but with non-proportional sampling, using a slight modification of the second phase sampling plan, an unbiased estimator is found along with its variance, an unbiased estimator of its variance, and an optimal allocation scheme for the two phases of sampling. Finally, applications of these methods are discussed.
Release date: 1990-06-15 - Articles and reports: 12-001-X199000114555Description:
This paper proposes an unbiased variance estimation formula for a two-phase sampling design used in many agricultural surveys. In this design, geographically defined primary sampling units (PSUs) are first selected via stratified simple random sampling; then secondary sampling units within sampled PSUs are restratified based on their characteristics and subsampled in a second phase of stratified simple random sampling.
Release date: 1990-06-15 - 34. Some developments of sampling techniques and their use in official Statistics in Sweden ArchivedArticles and reports: 12-001-X199000114556Description:
In this paper we present some important features of the history of sample surveys in Sweden, and we comment on related developments of sampling techniques (methods and theory) in official statistics. The account is organized into three periods as follows: (i) before 1900; (ii) 1900-1950; and (iii) after 1950. The emphasis is on the third period.
Release date: 1990-06-15 - 35. Rolling samples and Censuses ArchivedArticles and reports: 12-001-X199000114557Description:
Rolling censuses combine F nonoverlapping periodic samples of 1/F each, so designed that cumulating the F periods yields a complete census of the whole population area with F / F = 1. Intermediate cumulations of k samples would yield samples of k/F for more timely uses (annual or quinquennial censuses). Area sampling frames would cover the national territory for naturally mobile populations. These methods may often be preferable to other alternative methods for censuses, also discussed. Asymmetrical cumulations are also recommended to counter the problems of small sample cells for area domains (provinces, regions, states) common to most countries and to other population units. Split-panel-designs offer another use for cumulating periodic surveys by combining nonoverlapping portions a - b - c - d - with panels p for partial overlaps, pa - pb - pc - pd -, for multipurpose designs.
Release date: 1990-06-15 - Articles and reports: 12-001-X199000114558Description:
Drawing upon experiences from developments at the U.S. Bureau of the Census, the paper briefly traces some contributions made by practitioners to the theory and application of censuses and surveys. Some guesses about future developments are also given.
Release date: 1990-06-15 - 37. A historical perspective on the institutional bases for survey research in the United States ArchivedArticles and reports: 12-001-X199000114559Description:
The basic theme of this paper is that the development of survey methods in the technical sense can only be well understood in the context of the development of the institutions through which survey-taking is done. Thus we consider here survey methods in the large, in order to better prepare the reader for consideration of more formal methodological developments in sampling theory in the mathematical statistics sense. After a brief introduction, we give a historical overview of the evolution of institutional and contextual factors in Europe and the United States, up through the early part of the twentieth century, concentrating on governmental activities. We then focus on the emergence of institutional bases for survey research in the United States, primarily in the 1930s and 1940s. In a separate section, we take special note of the role of the U.S. Bureau of the Census in the study of non-sampling errors that was initiated in the 1940s and 1950s. Then, we look at three areas of basic change in survey methodology since 1960.
Release date: 1990-06-15 - 38. History and development of the theoretical foundations of survey based estimation and analysis ArchivedArticles and reports: 12-001-X199000114560Description:
Early developments in sampling theory and methods largely concentrated on efficient sampling designs and associated estimation techniques for population totals or means. More recently, the theoretical foundations of survey based estimation have also been critically examined, and formal frameworks for inference on totals or means have emerged. During the past 10 years or so, rapid progress has also been made in the development of methods for the analysis of survey data that take account of the complexity of the sampling design. The scope of this paper is restricted to an overview and appraisal of some of these developments.
Release date: 1990-06-15 - 39. Work and relative poverty ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X1990002107Geography: CanadaDescription:
Many families have low incomes, even if members are active in the work force. Who are the "working poor"? This piece reviews the concepts and measures of low income and examines the labour force participation of families below the low income cut-off.
Release date: 1990-05-29 - 40. Measuring Canada's international competitiveness ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X1990002128Geography: CanadaDescription:
When it comes to competing with the industrial output of other countries, how does Canada rank? This article examines how successful Canadian manufacturers have been in terms of price competitiveness and productivity during the past decade. The impact of high technology is also discussed.
Release date: 1990-05-29
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- 41. The gift of time ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X199000248Geography: CanadaDescription:
In 1987, the time contributed by volunteers to various organizations was the equivalent of over 500,000 full-time jobs. This study profiles volunteers and the organizations they serve.
Release date: 1990-05-29 - Articles and reports: 75-001-X199000294Geography: CanadaDescription:
As more women have joined the work force over the last twenty years, they have been entering traditionally male occupations. And to a lesser degree, men have been choosing careers in female-dominated occupations. This study looks at the extent of these moves into non-traditional occupations.
Release date: 1990-05-29 - 43. The labour force: Into the '90s ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19900012289Geography: CanadaDescription:
In 1980, few people expected the depth of the 1981-1982 recessions or the strength of the subsequent recovery. Still, as we started the new decade, the unemployment rate stood at 7.5% and regional job disparities remained one of the most critical problems facing Canada. We offer a look back at the trends and fundamental changes that occurred in the labour market during the '80s.
Release date: 1990-01-26 - 44. High technology at work ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19900012290Geography: CanadaDescription:
Many analysts see high technology industries as the way to a healthy and wealthy economy. This article reviews some of the concepts and definitions of high technology, selects one definition and examines the 1977 to 1986 employment and earnings dynamics in these industries.
Release date: 1990-01-26 - Articles and reports: 75-001-X19900012291Geography: CanadaDescription:
Do the similarities between Canada and the United States extend to patterns of wealth distribution? This study focuses on the wealth of Canadian and American households in 1984. What are the similarities and the differences in the assets held by families? Is wealth more concentrated in one country than in the other? Do Canadians and Americans have different approaches to investment?
Release date: 1990-01-26 - 46. The performance of trusteed pension funds ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19900012292Geography: CanadaDescription:
By the end of 1988, $158 billion worth of pension funds were available for investment - more than five times the federal deficit. This study examines how pension funds are invested in both the private and public sector and looks at the rates of returns on these investments between 1978 and 1988.
Release date: 1990-01-26 - 47. The graduates of '82: Where are they? ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19900012293Geography: CanadaDescription:
This study of 1982 graduates from Canadian universities and community colleges follows their fortunes in the labour market up to 1987. It compares the earnings of graduates in various disciplines and looks at their patterns of inter-provincial mobility.
Release date: 1990-01-26 - 48. Wives as primary breadwinners [1990] ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19900012294Geography: CanadaDescription:
As more and more wives join the work force, the dual-earner family has become the norm and a wife who earns more than her husband is no longer a rarity: in 1987, it happened in just under one of five dual-earner families. This study profiles these wives and their husbands by work patterns and earnings, and looks at life-cycle variations.
Release date: 1990-01-26 - 49. Time lost: An alternative view of unemployment ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19900012295Geography: CanadaDescription:
Calculating an unemployment rate based on unutilized hours offers a more complete measure of unemployment. It also results in a higher rate of unemployment. This study provides a look at what else this measure can tell us.
Release date: 1990-01-26
Reference (2)
Reference (2) ((2 results))
- Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 13-604-M1991011Description:
The Canadian System of National Accounts (CSNA) has evolved considerably over the past four decades. This article presents a brief account of the relationship between this system, as it stands today, and the international standard for national accounting, which has been established by the United Nations. The major similarities and differences between the two systems are highlighted. The paper then goes on to briefly summarize the present state of discussions concerning revisions to the international SNA standard.
Release date: 1990-11-30 - Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 13-604-M1990006Description:
Gross domestic product (GDP) is a key measure in the System of National Accounts, as well as an indispensable tool for economic analysis. This variable is available in current dollars or, in other words, expressed in the prices of the period to which each estimate applies. Two distinct parts exist within this current dollar measure: a volume component and a price component. This article focusses on the measure of GDP which expresses the volume of transactions in the economy (i.e., GDP expressed in real terms).
Release date: 1990-06-20
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