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- 31. Sample design of the 1988 National Farm Survey ArchivedArticles and reports: 12-001-X199000114553Description:
The National Farm Survey is a sample survey which produces annual estimates on a variety of subjects related to agriculture in Canada. The 1988 survey was conducted using a new sample design. This design involved multiple sampling frames and multivariate sampling techniques different from those of the previous design. This article first describes the strategy and methods used to develop the new sample design, then gives details on factors affecting the precision of the estimates. Finally, the performance of the new design is assessed using the 1988 survey results.
Release date: 1990-06-15 - Articles and reports: 12-001-X199000114554Description:
The problem considered is that of estimation of the total of a finite population which is stratified at two levels: a deeper level which has low intrastratum variability but is not known until the first phase of sampling, and a known pre-stratification which is relatively effective, unit by unit, in predicting the deeper post-stratification. As an important example, the post-stratification may define two groups corresponding to responders and non-responders in the situation of two-phase sampling for non-response. The estimators of Vardeman and Meeden (1984) are employed in a variety of situations where different types of prior information are assumed. In a general case, the standard error relative to that of the usual methods is studied via simulation. In the situation where no prior information is available and where proportional sampling is employed, the estimator is unbiased and its variance is approximated. Here, the variance is always lower than that of the usual double sampling for stratification. Also, without prior information, but with non-proportional sampling, using a slight modification of the second phase sampling plan, an unbiased estimator is found along with its variance, an unbiased estimator of its variance, and an optimal allocation scheme for the two phases of sampling. Finally, applications of these methods are discussed.
Release date: 1990-06-15 - Articles and reports: 12-001-X199000114555Description:
This paper proposes an unbiased variance estimation formula for a two-phase sampling design used in many agricultural surveys. In this design, geographically defined primary sampling units (PSUs) are first selected via stratified simple random sampling; then secondary sampling units within sampled PSUs are restratified based on their characteristics and subsampled in a second phase of stratified simple random sampling.
Release date: 1990-06-15 - 34. Some developments of sampling techniques and their use in official Statistics in Sweden ArchivedArticles and reports: 12-001-X199000114556Description:
In this paper we present some important features of the history of sample surveys in Sweden, and we comment on related developments of sampling techniques (methods and theory) in official statistics. The account is organized into three periods as follows: (i) before 1900; (ii) 1900-1950; and (iii) after 1950. The emphasis is on the third period.
Release date: 1990-06-15 - 35. Rolling samples and Censuses ArchivedArticles and reports: 12-001-X199000114557Description:
Rolling censuses combine F nonoverlapping periodic samples of 1/F each, so designed that cumulating the F periods yields a complete census of the whole population area with F / F = 1. Intermediate cumulations of k samples would yield samples of k/F for more timely uses (annual or quinquennial censuses). Area sampling frames would cover the national territory for naturally mobile populations. These methods may often be preferable to other alternative methods for censuses, also discussed. Asymmetrical cumulations are also recommended to counter the problems of small sample cells for area domains (provinces, regions, states) common to most countries and to other population units. Split-panel-designs offer another use for cumulating periodic surveys by combining nonoverlapping portions a - b - c - d - with panels p for partial overlaps, pa - pb - pc - pd -, for multipurpose designs.
Release date: 1990-06-15 - Articles and reports: 12-001-X199000114558Description:
Drawing upon experiences from developments at the U.S. Bureau of the Census, the paper briefly traces some contributions made by practitioners to the theory and application of censuses and surveys. Some guesses about future developments are also given.
Release date: 1990-06-15 - 37. A historical perspective on the institutional bases for survey research in the United States ArchivedArticles and reports: 12-001-X199000114559Description:
The basic theme of this paper is that the development of survey methods in the technical sense can only be well understood in the context of the development of the institutions through which survey-taking is done. Thus we consider here survey methods in the large, in order to better prepare the reader for consideration of more formal methodological developments in sampling theory in the mathematical statistics sense. After a brief introduction, we give a historical overview of the evolution of institutional and contextual factors in Europe and the United States, up through the early part of the twentieth century, concentrating on governmental activities. We then focus on the emergence of institutional bases for survey research in the United States, primarily in the 1930s and 1940s. In a separate section, we take special note of the role of the U.S. Bureau of the Census in the study of non-sampling errors that was initiated in the 1940s and 1950s. Then, we look at three areas of basic change in survey methodology since 1960.
Release date: 1990-06-15 - 38. History and development of the theoretical foundations of survey based estimation and analysis ArchivedArticles and reports: 12-001-X199000114560Description:
Early developments in sampling theory and methods largely concentrated on efficient sampling designs and associated estimation techniques for population totals or means. More recently, the theoretical foundations of survey based estimation have also been critically examined, and formal frameworks for inference on totals or means have emerged. During the past 10 years or so, rapid progress has also been made in the development of methods for the analysis of survey data that take account of the complexity of the sampling design. The scope of this paper is restricted to an overview and appraisal of some of these developments.
Release date: 1990-06-15 - 39. Work and relative poverty ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X1990002107Geography: CanadaDescription:
Many families have low incomes, even if members are active in the work force. Who are the "working poor"? This piece reviews the concepts and measures of low income and examines the labour force participation of families below the low income cut-off.
Release date: 1990-05-29 - 40. Measuring Canada's international competitiveness ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X1990002128Geography: CanadaDescription:
When it comes to competing with the industrial output of other countries, how does Canada rank? This article examines how successful Canadian manufacturers have been in terms of price competitiveness and productivity during the past decade. The impact of high technology is also discussed.
Release date: 1990-05-29
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- 21. Government transfer payments and family income ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X199000355Geography: CanadaDescription:
From family allowance cheques and child tax credits to old age security pensions and guaranteed income supplements, most Canadians benefit from government transfer payments. Using Census data from 1971 to 1986, this article reviews changes in government transfer payments.
Release date: 1990-08-24 - Articles and reports: 75-001-X199000384Geography: CanadaDescription:
Are areas of high unemployment worse off in good times than in bad times? This study compares unemployment rates of the most and least prosperous areas during the various economic cycles over the past 25 years.
Release date: 1990-08-24 - 23. Under the influence ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X199000385Geography: CanadaDescription:
Alcohol and drug abuse is one of the most important social issues in Canada today. Using results from the National Alcohol and Drug Survey, this article profiles the extent of alcohol and illegal drug use of Canadians by level of education, income and occupation.
Release date: 1990-08-24 - 24. Comments by Morris H. Hansen on papers in the Special section – History and emerging issues in censuses and surveys ArchivedArticles and reports: 12-001-X199000114561Description:
This note by Morris H. Hansen presents a discussion of the four papers in the special section “History and emerging issues in censuses and surveys” by: i) J.N.K. Rao and D.R. Bellhouse, ii) S.E. Fienberg and J.M. Tanur, iii) B.A. Bailar, and iv) L. Kish.
Release date: 1990-06-15 - Articles and reports: 12-001-X199000114549Description:
In many government surveys, respondents are interviewed a set number of times during the life of the survey, a practice referred to as a rotation design or repeated sampling. Often composite estimation - where data from the current and earlier periods of time are combined - is used to measure the level of a characteristic of interest. As other authors have observed, composite estimation can be used in a rotation design to decrease the variance of estimators of change in level. In this paper, simple expressions are derived for the variance of a general class of composite estimators for level, change in level, and average level over time. Considered first are “one-level” rotation designs, where only the current month is referenced in the interview. Results are developed for any sampling pattern of m interviews over a period of M months. Subsequently, “multi-level” plans are addressed. In each month one of p different groups is interviewed. Respondents then answer questions referring to the previous p months. Results from the several sections apply to a wide range of government surveys.
Release date: 1990-06-15 - Articles and reports: 12-001-X199000114550Description:
Modular Test 2 was a survey conducted by Statistics Canada that used two different questionnaires. Its purpose was to assist in the making of the 1991 census questionnaire. The sample used for the survey was not a probability sample. This article briefly describes the survey methodology, and the use of randomization tests to compare the two questionnaires.
Release date: 1990-06-15 - Articles and reports: 12-001-X199000114551Description:
The problem of collapsing the imputation classes defined by a large number of cross-classifications of auxiliary variables is considered. A solution based on cluster analysis to reduce the number of levels of auxiliary variables to a reasonably small number of imputation classes is proposed. The motivation and solution of this general problem are illustrated by the imputation of age in the Hospital Morbidity System where auxiliary variables are sex and diagnosis.
Release date: 1990-06-15 - 28. Does the method matter on sensitive survey topics? ArchivedArticles and reports: 12-001-X199000114552Description:
The effects of utilizing a self-administered questionnaire or a personal interview procedure on the responses of an adolescent sample on their alcohol consumption and related behaviors are examined. The results are generally supportive of previous studies on the relationship between the method of data collection and the distribution of responses with sensitive or non-normative content. Although of significance in a statistical sense, many of the differences are not of sufficient magnitude to be considered significant in a substantive sense.
Release date: 1990-06-15 - 29. Sample design of the 1988 National Farm Survey ArchivedArticles and reports: 12-001-X199000114553Description:
The National Farm Survey is a sample survey which produces annual estimates on a variety of subjects related to agriculture in Canada. The 1988 survey was conducted using a new sample design. This design involved multiple sampling frames and multivariate sampling techniques different from those of the previous design. This article first describes the strategy and methods used to develop the new sample design, then gives details on factors affecting the precision of the estimates. Finally, the performance of the new design is assessed using the 1988 survey results.
Release date: 1990-06-15 - Articles and reports: 12-001-X199000114554Description:
The problem considered is that of estimation of the total of a finite population which is stratified at two levels: a deeper level which has low intrastratum variability but is not known until the first phase of sampling, and a known pre-stratification which is relatively effective, unit by unit, in predicting the deeper post-stratification. As an important example, the post-stratification may define two groups corresponding to responders and non-responders in the situation of two-phase sampling for non-response. The estimators of Vardeman and Meeden (1984) are employed in a variety of situations where different types of prior information are assumed. In a general case, the standard error relative to that of the usual methods is studied via simulation. In the situation where no prior information is available and where proportional sampling is employed, the estimator is unbiased and its variance is approximated. Here, the variance is always lower than that of the usual double sampling for stratification. Also, without prior information, but with non-proportional sampling, using a slight modification of the second phase sampling plan, an unbiased estimator is found along with its variance, an unbiased estimator of its variance, and an optimal allocation scheme for the two phases of sampling. Finally, applications of these methods are discussed.
Release date: 1990-06-15
Reference (2)
Reference (2) ((2 results))
- Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 13-604-M1991011Description:
The Canadian System of National Accounts (CSNA) has evolved considerably over the past four decades. This article presents a brief account of the relationship between this system, as it stands today, and the international standard for national accounting, which has been established by the United Nations. The major similarities and differences between the two systems are highlighted. The paper then goes on to briefly summarize the present state of discussions concerning revisions to the international SNA standard.
Release date: 1990-11-30 - Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 13-604-M1990006Description:
Gross domestic product (GDP) is a key measure in the System of National Accounts, as well as an indispensable tool for economic analysis. This variable is available in current dollars or, in other words, expressed in the prices of the period to which each estimate applies. Two distinct parts exist within this current dollar measure: a volume component and a price component. This article focusses on the measure of GDP which expresses the volume of transactions in the economy (i.e., GDP expressed in real terms).
Release date: 1990-06-20
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