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All (35) (0 to 10 of 35 results)
- 1. Working for minimum wage ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19890042284Geography: CanadaDescription:
One in twelve paid workers in 1986 earned the minimum wage or less. A portrait of low-wage earners and a brief look at the origins of minimum wage legislation and differences by jurisdiction.
Release date: 1989-12-20 - 2. Moonlighters ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19890042285Geography: CanadaDescription:
In the average week of 1988, over a half a million people worked at two or more jobs. This study shows that some groups of workers - the young, the self-employed - are especially disposed to moonlighting. Family circumstances, hours of work and earnings between single and multiple jobholders are examined.
Release date: 1989-12-20 - 3. Disabled workers ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19890042286Geography: CanadaDescription: There were nearly 400,000 disabled workers in Canada in 1986 - less than a third of working age Canadians with a disability. What are the characteristics of disabled workers? This study compares disabled workers with the non-disabled in the work force and with disabled persons outside of the work force.Release date: 1989-12-20
- 4. Immigrants in product fabricating ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19890042287Geography: CanadaDescription:
Immigrant workers are over-represented in "product fabricating" occupations, which include, for example, garment workers and mechanics. This profile of immigrants in fabricating jobs looks at age, education, period of immigration and knowledge of English or French. It also compared the employment income of immigrant and non-immigrant workers in product fabricating occupations.
Release date: 1989-12-20 - 5. Unemployment: A tale of two sources ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19890042288Geography: CanadaDescription:
Unemployment estimates from the Labour Force Survey, source of the official unemployment rate, are quite different from counts of the number of Unemployment Insurance beneficiaries. This piece reviews the conceptual differences between the two data sources and quantifies many of the factors that create the discrepancies.
Release date: 1989-12-20 - Articles and reports: 12-001-X198900214562Description:
This paper presents a technique for developing appropriate confidence intervals around postcensal population estimates using a modification of the ratio-correlation method termed the rank-order procedure. It is shown that the Wilcoxon test can be used to decide if a given ratio-correlation model is stable over time. If stability is indicated, then the confidence intervals associated with the data used in model construction are appropriate for postcensal estimates. If stability is not indicated, the confidence intervals associated with the data used in model construction are not appropriate, and, moreover, likely to overstate the precision of postcensal estimates. Given instability, it is shown that confidence intervals appropriate for postcensal estimates can be derived using the rank-order procedure. An empirical example is provided using county population estimates for Washington state.
Release date: 1989-12-15 - Articles and reports: 12-001-X198900214563Description:
This paper examines the adequacy of estimates of emigrants from Canada and interprovincial migration data from the Family Allowance files and Revenue Canada tax files. The application of these data files in estimating total population for Canada, provinces and territories, was evaluated with reference to the 1986 Census counts. It was found that these two administrative files provided consistent and reasonably accurate series of data on emigration and interprovincial migration from 1981 to 1986. Consequently, the population estimates were fairly accurate. The estimate of emigrants derived from the Family Allowance file could be improved by using the ratio of adult to child emigrant rates computed from Employment and Immigration Canada’s immigration file.
Release date: 1989-12-15 - 8. Updating size measures in a probabilities proportional to size without replacement (PPSWOR) design ArchivedArticles and reports: 12-001-X198900214564Description:
It is sometimes required that a probabilities proportional to size without replacement (PPSWOR) sample of first stage units (psu’s) in a multistage population survey design be updated to take account of new size measures that have become available for the whole population of such units. However, because of a considerable investment in within-psu mapping, segmentation, listing, enumerator recruitment, etc., we would like to retain the same sample psu’s if possible, consistent with the requirement that selection probabilities may now be regarded as being proportional to the new size measures. The method described in this article differs from methods already described in the literature in that it is valid for any sample size and does not require enumeration of all possible samples. Further, it does not require that the old and the new sampling methods be the same and hence it provides a convenient way not only of updating size measures but also of switching to a new sampling method.
Release date: 1989-12-15 - Articles and reports: 12-001-X198900214565Description:
Empirical Bayes techniques are applied to the problem of “small area” estimation of proportions. Such methods have been previously used to advantage in a variety of situations, as described, for example, by Morris (1983). The basic idea here consists of incorporating random effects and nested random effects into models which reflect the complex structure of a multi-stage sample design, as was originally proposed by Dempster and Tomberlin (1980). Estimates of proportions can be obtained, together with associated estimates of uncertainty. These techniques are applied to simulated data in a Monte Carlo study which compares several available techniques for small area estimation.
Release date: 1989-12-15 - 10. Randomized response sampling from dichotomous populations with continuous randomization ArchivedArticles and reports: 12-001-X198900214566Description:
A randomized response model for sampling from dichotomous populations is developed in this paper. The model permits the use of continuous randomization and multiple trials per respondent. The special case of randomization with normal distributions is considered, and a computer simulation of such a sampling procedure is presented as an initial exploration into the effects such a scheme has on the amount of information in the sample. A portable electronic device is discussed which would implement the presented model. The results of a study taken, using the electronic randomizing device, is presented. The results show that randomized response sampling is a superior technique to direct questioning for at least some sensitive questions.
Release date: 1989-12-15
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- 1. Bilingualism and earnings ArchivedTable: 75-001-X19890022277Description:
This study compares the earnings of bilingual and unilingual workers in three urban centres: Montreal, Toronto and Ottawa-Hull. Differences in the earnings of bilingual and unilingual workers are considered in the light of several demographic and job-related traits.
Release date: 1989-06-30
Analysis (34)
Analysis (34) (20 to 30 of 34 results)
- 21. Canada's unemployment mosaic ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19890022274Geography: CanadaDescription:
From 1985 to 1988, the national unemployment rate declined sharply but regional patterns varied considerably. The unemployment rate and other labour market measures for 40 sub-provincial areas are used in this study of the increase in regional unemployment disparities observed in recent years.
Release date: 1989-06-30 - 22. On maternity leave ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19890022275Geography: CanadaDescription:
The fertility rate continues to decline but interest in maternity leave is growing as more women of child bearing age join the labour force. This article looks at maternity absences among working women by age, education and province. It also explores the links between the fertility rate and maternity absences and between compensation and length of absence.
Release date: 1989-06-30 - 23. The changing face of temporary help ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19890022276Geography: CanadaDescription:
How does the temporary help worker differ from the 'average worker'? This profile covers characteristics such as age, sex, material status, education, occupation and earnings, with some surprising results. The role played by temporary help agencies as employers and workers adjust to changes in the business cycle is also examined.
Release date: 1989-06-30 - 24. The use of administrative data for initial and subsequent profiles of economic entities ArchivedArticles and reports: 12-001-X198900114571Description:
Statistics Canada is currently rebuilding its central register of economic entities. The new register views each economic entity as a network of legal and operating entities whose characteristics allow for the delineation of statistical entities. This network view, the profile, is determined through the ‘profiling’ process which involves contact with the economic entity. In 1986 a list of all entities in-scope for a profiling contact was required so that profiles could be obtained to initialize the new register. Administrative data were used to build this list. In the future, administrative data will be a source of information on changes that may have happened to economic entities. They may thus be used as a source of direct update or as a signal that a review of the structure of an entity is required. The paper begins with the objectives of the profiling process. The procedures for constructing the frame for the initial profiling process using several administrative data sources are then presented. These procedures include the application of concepts, the detection of overlap between sources, and the evaluation of data quality. Next, the role of administrative data in providing information on changes to business entities and in requesting profiles to be verified is presented. Then the results of a simulation study done to assess this role are reviewed. Finally, the paper concludes with a series of questions on the methodology of using administrative data to maintain profiles.
Release date: 1989-06-15 - Articles and reports: 12-001-X198900114572Description:
The Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) is a new Census Bureau panel survey designed to provide data on the economic situation of persons and families in the United States. The basic datum of SIPP is monthly income, which is reported for each month of the four-month reference period preceding the interview month. The SIPP Record Check Study uses administrative record data to estimate the quality of SIPP estimates for a variety of income sources and transfer programs. The project uses computerized record matching to identify SIPP sample persons in four states who are on record as having received payments from any of nine state or Federal programs, and then compares survey-reported dates and amounts of payments with official record values. The paper describes the project in detail and presents some early findings.
Release date: 1989-06-15 - Articles and reports: 12-001-X198900114573Description:
The Census Bureau makes extensive use of administrative records information in its various economic programs. Although the volume of records processed annually is vast, even larger numbers will be received during the census years. Census Bureau mainframe computers perform quality control (QC) tabulations on the data; however, since such a large number of QC tables are needed and resources for programming are limited and costly, a comprehensive mainframe QC system is difficult to attain. Add to this the sensitive nature of the data and the potentially very negative ramifications from erroneous data, and the need becomes quite apparent for a sophisticated quality assurance system on the microcomputer level. Such a system is being developed by the Economic Surveys Division and will be in place for the 1987 administrative records data files. The automated quality assurance system integrates micro and mainframe computer technology. Administrative records data are received weekly and processed initially through mainframe QC programs. The mainframe output is transferred to a microcomputer and formatted specifically for importation to a spreadsheet program. Systematic quality verification occurs within the spreadsheet structure, as data review, error detection, and report generation are accomplished automatically. As a result of shifting processes from mainframe to microcomputer environments, the system eases the burden on the programming staff, increases the flexibility of the analytical staff, and reduces processing costs on the mainframe and provides the comprehensive quality assurance component for administrative records.
Release date: 1989-06-15 - 27. Methods for adjusting for lack of independence in an application of the Fellegi-Sunter model of record linkage ArchivedArticles and reports: 12-001-X198900114574Description:
Let A x B be the product space of two sets A and B which is divided into matches (pairs representing the same entity) and nonmatches (pairs representing different entities). Linkage rules are those that divide A x B into links (designated matches), possible links (pairs for which we delay a decision), and nonlinks (designated nonmatches). Under fixed bounds on the error rates, Fellegi and Sunter (1969) provided a linkage rule that is optimal in the sense that it minimizes the set of possible links. The optimality is dependent on knowledge of certain probabilities that are used in a crucial likelihood ratio. In applying the record linkage model, an independence assumption is often made that allows estimation of the probabilities. If the assumption is not met, then a record linkage procedure using estimates computed under the assumption may not be optimal. This paper contains an examination of methods for adjusting linkage rules when the independence assumption is not valid. The presentation takes the form of an empirical analysis of lists of businesses for which the truth of matches is known. The number of possible links obtained using standard and adjusted computational procedures may be dependent on different samples. Bootstrap methods (Efron 1987) are used to examine the variation due to different samples.
Release date: 1989-06-15 - 28. European experience of using administrative data for censuses of population: The policy issues that must be addressed ArchivedArticles and reports: 12-001-X198900114575Description:
The experience of the four Nordic countries illustrates the advantages and disadvantages of a register-based census of population and points to ways in which the disadvantages can be contained. Other countries see major obstacles to a register-based census: the lack of data systems of the kind and quality needed; and public concern about privacy and the power of the State. These issues go far beyond statistics; they concern policy and administration. The paper looks at the situation in two countries, the United Kingdom and Australia. In the United Kingdom past initiatives aimed at population registration in peacetime foundered and the present environment is hostile to any new initiative. But the government is going ahead with a controversial reform of local taxation that involves setting up new registers. In Australia the government tabled a Bill to introduce identity cards and an associated register, and advanced clearcut political arguments to support it; the Bill was later withdrawn. The paper concludes that the issues involved in reforming data systems deserve to be fully discussed and gives reasons why statisticians should take a leading part in the debate.
Release date: 1989-06-15 - Articles and reports: 12-001-X198900114576Description:
A typical goal of health workers in the developing world is to ascertain whether or not a population meets certain standards, such as the proportion vaccinated against a certain disease. Because populations tend to be large, and resources and time available for studies limited, it is usually necessary to select a sample from the population and then make estimates regarding the entire population. Depending upon the proportion of the sample individuals who were not vaccinated, a decision will be made as to whether the coverage is adequate or whether additional efforts must be initiated to improve coverage in the population. Several sampling methods are currently in use. Among these is a modified method of cluster sampling recommended by the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) of the World Health Organization. More recently, quality assurance sampling (QAS), a method commonly used for inspecting manufactured products, has been proposed as a potentially useful method for continually monitoring health service programs. In this paper, the QAS method is described and an example of how this type of sampling might be used is provided.
Release date: 1989-06-15 - 30. The role of demographic factors in the analysis of survey versus diary purchase reporting accuracy ArchivedArticles and reports: 12-001-X198900114577Description:
In this article the authors evaluate the relative performance of survey and diary data collection methods in the context of the long-distance telephone communication market. Based on an analysis of 1,530 respondents, the results indicate that two demographic variables, sex and income, are important in explaining the difference in survey reporting and diary recording of usage data.
Release date: 1989-06-15
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