New paradigms (models) for probability sampling - ARCHIVED

Sampling is a branch of and a tool for statistics, and the field of statistics was founded as a new paradigm in 1810 by Quetelet (Porter 1987; Stigler 1986). Statistics and statisticians deal with the effects of chance events on empirical data. The mathematics of chance had been developed centuries earlier to predict gambling games and to account for errors of observation in astronomy. Data were also compiled for commerce, banking, and government purposes. But combining chance with real data required a new theoretical view; a new paradigm. Thus, statistical science and its various branches, which are the products of the maturity of human development (Kish 1985), arrived late in history and academia. This article examines the new concepts in diverse aspects of sampling, which may also be known as new sampling paradigms, models or methods.