Chart 1
Selected economic indicators reported by Indigenous adults released from provincial custody prior to custody and after release, by reconviction pattern, 2016/2017

Low reconviction group - Any employment income Low reconviction group - Transfers as main income Low reconviction group - Low income High persistent reconviction group - Any employment income High persistent reconviction group - Transfers as main income High persistent reconviction group - Low income 0 20 40 60 80 100 % Pre-custodyPre-custody Post-releasePost-release
Note(s):
Includes a subset of individuals who filed a tax return within three years both prior to and following their incarceration (57% of the study cohort). "Transfers" refers to the proportion of individuals who reported government transfers (social assistance, employment insurance, etc.) as their main income source. "Employment" refers to individuals who reported any income from employment. "Low income" refers to individuals who met the Census Family Low Income After-Tax Measure. Indigenous persons include First Nations persons, Métis and Inuit. Information on Indigenous identity is based on data from the Canadian Correctional Services Survey, and is self-reported by persons upon intake to correctional services. Includes individuals released during the period from April 1, 2016, to March 31, 2017, from provincial custody in Nova Scotia, Ontario, Saskatchewan, Alberta and British Columbia, whose records were successfully linked to other data sources used in this study. Excludes individuals who were released from provincial custody in 2016/2017 but who died during the subsequent four years. Percentages may not total 100% due to rounding.
Source(s):
Canadian Correctional Services Survey (5251), Integrated Criminal Court Survey (3312), Canadian Vital Statistics - Death database (3233) and Annual Income Estimates for Census Families and Individuals (T1 Family File) (4105) linked file.

Chart description


This is a bar clustered chart.

Selected economic indicators reported by Indigenous adults released from provincial custody prior to custody and after release, by reconviction pattern, 2016/2017, %
  Pre-custody Post-release
Low reconviction group - Any employment income 43 41
Low reconviction group - Transfers as main income 63 69
Low reconviction group - Low income 71 71
High persistent reconviction group - Any employment income 31 16
High persistent reconviction group - Transfers as main income 73 88
High persistent reconviction group - Low income 79 85
Note(s):
Includes a subset of individuals who filed a tax return within three years both prior to and following their incarceration (57% of the study cohort). "Transfers" refers to the proportion of individuals who reported government transfers (social assistance, employment insurance, etc.) as their main income source. "Employment" refers to individuals who reported any income from employment. "Low income" refers to individuals who met the Census Family Low Income After-Tax Measure. Indigenous persons include First Nations persons, Métis and Inuit. Information on Indigenous identity is based on data from the Canadian Correctional Services Survey, and is self-reported by persons upon intake to correctional services. Includes individuals released during the period from April 1, 2016, to March 31, 2017, from provincial custody in Nova Scotia, Ontario, Saskatchewan, Alberta and British Columbia, whose records were successfully linked to other data sources used in this study. Excludes individuals who were released from provincial custody in 2016/2017 but who died during the subsequent four years. Percentages may not total 100% due to rounding.
Source(s):
Canadian Correctional Services Survey (5251), Integrated Criminal Court Survey (3312), Canadian Vital Statistics - Death database (3233) and Annual Income Estimates for Census Families and Individuals (T1 Family File) (4105) linked file.
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