Chart 3
Research and development (R&D) personnel per thousand of total employment in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries, 2020 to 2022
Note(s):
The ratio of research and development (R&D) personnel per thousand total employees is a metric that allows for international comparisons. The United Kingdom is not included in the calculation of the average R&D ratio among Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries from 2020 to 2022 because its data were not available at the time of this publication. The United States value for 2022 is imputed using the total employment annual growth rate. The R&D personnel ratio per thousand total employees is calculated as the number of R&D personnel divided by the total labour force, then multiplied by 1,000. The international average was calculated with all available data in the Main Science and Technology Indicators (MSTI) database provided by the OECD. The MSTI database does not include on-site consultants' values in the total R&D personnel for Canada as of 2014.
Source(s):
Tables 27-10-0023-01 and 36-10-0489-01, and the Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development, Main Science and Technology Indicators (MSTI database).
Chart description
This is a bar clustered chart.
| 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Germany | 16.3 | 16.8 | 17.2 |
| United States | 16.3 | 17.1 | 17.1 |
| France | 16.6 | 16.9 | 17.1 |
| G7 average (excluding the United Kingdom) | 15.5 | 16.0 | 16.0 |
| Canada | 15.6 | 15.4 | 15.2 |
| Japan | 13.4 | 13.8 | 13.8 |
| OECD average (excluding the United Kingdom) | 12.9 | 13.5 | 13.3 |
| Italy | 13.7 | 13.2 | 12.6 |
Note(s):
The ratio of research and development (R&D) personnel per thousand total employees is a metric that allows for international comparisons. The United Kingdom is not included in the calculation of the average R&D ratio among Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries from 2020 to 2022 because its data were not available at the time of this publication. The United States value for 2022 is imputed using the total employment annual growth rate. The R&D personnel ratio per thousand total employees is calculated as the number of R&D personnel divided by the total labour force, then multiplied by 1,000. The international average was calculated with all available data in the Main Science and Technology Indicators (MSTI) database provided by the OECD. The MSTI database does not include on-site consultants' values in the total R&D personnel for Canada as of 2014.
Source(s):
Tables 27-10-0023-01 and 36-10-0489-01, and the Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development, Main Science and Technology Indicators (MSTI database).
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