Chart 3
Research and development (R&D) personnel per thousand of total employment in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries, 2019 to 2021
Note(s):
The United Kingdom and the United States are not included in the calculation of the average on R&D ratio amongst OECD countries from 2019 to 2021 as their data were not available at the time of this publication. The R&D personnel ratio per thousand of total employment is calculated as the number of R&D personnel divided by the total labour force, then multplied by 1,000. The methodology for the calculation of R&D personnel per thousand of total employment was changed to match the methodology used by the OECD with this publication.
Source(s):
Tables 27-10-0023-01 and 36-10-0489-01, and the Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development, Main Science and Technology Indicators (MSTI database).
Chart description
This is a bar clustered chart.
| 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| France | 16.2 | 16.6 | 16.9 |
| Germany | 16.2 | 16.3 | 16.8 |
| Canada | 13.5 | 16.1 | 15.7 |
| OECD average (excluding the United States and the United Kingdom) | 13.7 | 14.1 | 15.4 |
| Japan | 13.2 | 13.4 | 13.8 |
| Italy | 14.0 | 13.7 | 13.3 |
Note(s):
The United Kingdom and the United States are not included in the calculation of the average on R&D ratio amongst OECD countries from 2019 to 2021 as their data were not available at the time of this publication. The R&D personnel ratio per thousand of total employment is calculated as the number of R&D personnel divided by the total labour force, then multplied by 1,000. The methodology for the calculation of R&D personnel per thousand of total employment was changed to match the methodology used by the OECD with this publication.
Source(s):
Tables 27-10-0023-01 and 36-10-0489-01, and the Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development, Main Science and Technology Indicators (MSTI database).
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