Endnotes

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1. Human Capital Investment: The Returns from Education and Training to the Individual, the Firm and the economy by Richard Blundell, Lorraine Dearden, Costas Meghir and Barbara Siansesi. Institute for Fiscal Studies (1999).

2. According to the Post Secondary Information System (PSIS), which tracks enrolment and graduates using institutional records.

3. Trends in Higher Education . Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada (2007).

4. Education at a Glance 2006, OECD. Table A3.1.

5. The source for all comparisons to the 2003/2004 academic year comes from Survey of Earned Doctorates: A Profile of Doctoral Degree Recipients by Tomasz Gluszynski and Valerie Peters. Statistics Canada (2005).

6. The observed large increases in the proportions of female graduates in certain fields are the result of substantial increases in the number of female graduates combined with relatively small numbers of female graduates to begin with, in these programs.

7. The source for American figures is the American Survey of Earned Doctorates Summary Report 2005.

8. The difference in expected earnings between years was not statistically significant due to the method of reporting income within ranges. Readers should also note that the expected income has not been controlled for inflation.