Endnotes

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1. The participation rate refers to active participants in a group or population expressed as a percentage of the total group or population.

2. Recent immigrants are those who came to Canada after 1990.

3. "Sport Participation in Canada, 1998." Sport Canada.

4. See their web site at www.cflri.ca

5. The participation rate was for Australians 15 years and over who participated in sports and physical recreation activities twice a week in 2005-06.

6. National Centre for Health Statistics. 2005 National Health Interview Survey on leisure-time physical activity of adult Americans 18 years and over.

7. Offord, D.R., E.L Lipman and E.K. Duku, 1998. "Sports, The Arts and Community Programs: Rates and Correlates of Participation".

8. Part-time employees work less than 30 hours per week.

9. Mountain boarding (also known as dirt boarding or all-terrain boarding) is a new board sport derived from snow boarding.

10. Offord, D.R., E.L Lipman and E.K. Duku. 1988 and modified, March 2005. "Sports, The Arts and Community Programs: Rates and Correlates of Participation".

11. These are Canadians born during the baby boom (unusual spike in birth rates) of 1946 to 1965.

12. Jordan D. Metzl and Carol Shookhoff, "The Benefits of Youth Sports: The Young Athlete" www.enotalone.com/article/5298.html.

13. The Conference Board of Canada, "Strengthening Canada: The Socio-economic Benefits of Sports Participation in Canada", p. 32.

14. Sport England, "The Framework for Sport in England: Making England an Active and Successful Sporting Nation, A vision for 2020" p. 12. Sport England 2004 SE/2273/10M/03/04.

15. See "Obesity: A Growing Issue" by Christel Le Petit and Jean-Marie Berthelot (82-618-MWE2005003), Statistics Canada.

16. Martin Turcotte. "Time Spent with Family during a Typical Workday, 1986 to 2005. Canadian Social Trends (Statistics Canada, Catalogue 11-008) 2007, p. 2.

17. Duxbury, L., C. Higgins and D. Coghill, 2003, "Voices of Canadians: Seeking Work-Life Balance. Government of Canada".

18. The Conference Board of Canada, "Strengthening Canada: The Socio-economic Benefits of Sports Participation in Canada" by Michael Bloom, Michael Grant and Douglas Watt, Chapter 8.

19. Veenhof, B., "The Internet: Is it Changing the Way Canadians Spend their Time?" (Statistics Canada, Catalogue 56F0004MIE no. 13) 2006, pp. 6-12.

20. Jordan D. Metzl and Carol Shookhoff, "The Benefits of Youth Sports: The Young Athlete" www.enotalone.com/article/5298.html.

21. The Conference Board of Canada, "Strengthening Canada: The Socio-economic Benefits of Sports Participation in Canada", pp. 24-28.

22. The Conference Board of Canada, "Strengthening Canada: The Socio-economic Benefits of Sports Participation in Canada", p. 36.

23. Please note that this is an AUXFIELD and will not appear on the GSS Cycle 19 database.

24. Please note that this is an AUXFIELD and will not appear on the GSS Cycle 19 database.

25. Please note that this is an AUXFIELD and will not appear on the GSS Cycle 19 database.

26. Please note that this is an AUXFIELD and will not appear on the GSS Cycle 19 database.