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Immigrant demographic characteristics

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Established immigrants in the labour force

  • Experiences of established immigrants similar to that of Canadian born

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Immigrant labour market outcomes, Canada

  • Immigrants who came recently not yet established in the labour market

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Immigrant labour market outcomes, provinces and regions

  • Immigrants benefited from high labour demand in Alberta
  • Manitoba immigrants fared well in the labour force
  • Immigrants living in Quebec had difficulty finding work
  • Strong labour market performance among immigrants in Atlantic Canada
  • Lackluster labour market outcomes for the two largest provincial immigrant destinations

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Immigrant labour market outcomes, Census Metropolitan Areas

  • Toronto immigrants had highest employment rates of “Big Three” CMA’s
  • Calgary’s employment rate for non-immigrants and immigrants comparable
  • Hamilton’s very recent immigrant employment rate lowest among eight mid-sized cities
  • Employment rates strong for Halifax, Winnipeg recent immigrants

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Immigrant labour market outcomes, by sex

  • Better labour market outcomes for immigrant men than immigrant women

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Immigrant labour market outcomes, selected age-sex groups

  • Young immigrant women struggled in the labour market
  • Older immigrant women had difficulty finding work

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Immigrant labour market outcomes, by educational attainment

  • Immigrants much more likely to have a university education
  • Higher unemployment rates for university-educated immigrants

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Immigrant employment, by industry

  • Manufacturing employment more common among immigrants

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Immigrant employment, by occupation

  • Very recent immigrants working in sales and service occupations

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