Census of Agriculture
Content Consultation Report, 2026

Release date: November 27, 2024

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Executive summary

The purpose of the Census of Agriculture (CEAG) is to provide a comprehensive and integrated profile of the physical, economic, social and environmental aspects of Canada’s agriculture industry. The CEAG is mandated under the Statistics Act to be conducted every five years. It collects data on Canada’s primary agriculture industry, with content on topics such as number of farms and farm operators, farm area, land management practices, agricultural commodities, and total operating expenses and revenues. The collected data are used to inform decisions about business management strategies and to develop, administer and evaluate agricultural policies that directly affect farmers and rural communities.

Statistics Canada conducts an extensive consultation and qualitative testing process before each CEAG to ensure that it reflects changes in Canada’s agriculture industry. For the 2026 CEAG, Statistics Canada’s priorities are to ensure that collected data remain relevant to the agriculture industry, while improving the overall cost effectiveness of the CEAG and reducing response burden.

In the fall of 2022, Statistics Canada conducted a national consultation process with data users, including federal government departments and provincial ministries, agricultural associations, and educational institutions. The purpose was to gather input and justifications for new and existing content on the CEAG questionnaire. Data users were asked to prepare their submissions based on a series of key considerations, including program and policy needs, response burden, data quality, costs, research, historical comparability, privacy, operational considerations, and availability of alternative data sources. This report provides a detailed overview of the consultation and submission analysis processes.

A total of 539 invitations were sent to data users for their input, and they were encouraged to forward the invitation to any other individuals or organizations that would be interested in participating in the consultation process. Data users had the opportunity to submit their feedback by completing the 2026 Census of Agriculture submission form (Appendix A). In total, 187 participants attended CEAG consultation workshops, and 58 forms were submitted for consideration.

All submissions were examined as part of a rigorous, multi-phase analysis and testing process. Through this process, 847 comments were identified. Approximately two-thirds of these were justifications for the importance and relevance of keeping specific CEAG content for data users or general comments. The remaining third comprised recommendations to change or add new questions (Appendix B). All recommendations were analyzed to determine their suitability for further testing. This analysis informed content changes that were introduced ahead of qualitative testing in 2023 and 2024.

The qualitative testing process for the 2026 CEAG questionnaire included two phases of modular testing and the 2024 Census of Agriculture Test with 10,000 respondents. After each step of testing, the prospective 2026 CEAG questionnaire underwent vigorous analysis to determine its suitability for subsequent testing. Test findings will inform content recommendations for the 2026 CEAG questionnaire.

Background

Statistics Canada conducts the Census of Agriculture (CEAG) to provide a comprehensive profile of the physical, economic, social and environmental aspects of Canada’s agriculture industry. The CEAG is mandated under the Statistics Act and is instrumental in supporting public and private decision making, research, and analysis in areas of concern to farmers and the Canadian agricultural sector. To this end, CEAG questionnaire content is considered each cycle to ensure that data collected are relevant and continue to reflect an evolving industry.

Before each CEAG, Statistics Canada conducts an extensive consultation process that allows data users and interested parties across Canada to share their views on how they use census data and the type of information they believe should be available from the census.

For the 2026 CEAG, the main priorities are to improve cost effectiveness and reduce response burden while remaining relevant and responsive to the information needs of governments, agricultural operators, farm organizations, data users and Canadians. As part of this process, efforts were made to reduce the number of questions on the final version of the electronic questionnaire (EQ). Another effort to reduce response burden for the 2026 CEAG questionnaire is the investigation of the full or partial replacement of questions using high-quality administrative data sources.

The 2026 CEAG content consultation process asked data users to provide input on the 2021 CEAG questionnaire and data. Submissions were examined as part of a rigorous, multi-phase analysis and testing process based on the following key considerations: program and policy needs, response burden, data quality, costs, research, historical comparability, privacy, operational considerations, and the availability of alternative data sources.

Overall, when making decisions about whether to keep, remove or add content for the 2026 CEAG questionnaire, Statistics Canada aimed to maintain data quality standards while reducing response burden.

Census of Agriculture mandate and objectives

Under section 20 of the Statistics Act, Statistics Canada is responsible for conducting a CEAG every 10 years in years that end in 1, and every 10 years in years that end in 6, unless the Governor in Council otherwise directs in respect of any such year.

The objectives of the CEAG are to:

2026 Census of Agriculture content consultation process

In June 2022, a total of 539 letters were sent to provincial and federal government departments, agricultural organizations and groups, and educational institutions, inviting them to participate in CEAG’s content consultation process. Invitees who had responded with interest in participating in the content consultation process received the 2026 Census of Agriculture submission form (Appendix A), along with instructions to participate in the workshops. Data users who registered to participate in a workshop received a second wave of letters in early August 2022 with workshop details. Table 1 provides a breakdown of workshop attendees and submissions by organization type.

Table 1
Attendees and submissions by organization type Table summary
This table displays the results of Attendees and submissions by organization type. The information is grouped by Organization (appearing as row headers), Workshop attendees and Submissions, calculated using number units of measure (appearing as column headers).
Organization Workshop attendees Submissions
number
Note: AAFC stands for Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; NFU stands for National Farmers Union of Canada; and CFA stands for Canadian Federation of Agriculture.
Source: 2026 Census of Agriculture content consultations.
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada 40 15
Agricultural organizations and producer groups (including NFU and CFA) 15 10
Educational institutions 2 2
Federal government departments and agencies (excluding Statistics Canada and AAFC) 3 1
Provincial government departments and agencies (excluding Statistics Canada and AAFC) 54 20
Statistics Canada 58 5
Other (consultants, regional associations, intermediaries, processors, suppliers, individuals, etc.) 15 5
Total 187 58

2026 Census of Agriculture content consultation workshops

CEAG workshops were attended by 187 data users. Statistics Canada held 12 virtual workshops to obtain feedback from data users. Data users from federal and provincial government departments represented 51.8% of workshop attendees.

The purpose of these workshops was to:

At the end of each workshop, attendees were invited to provide feedback through a workshop evaluation form. This form requested feedback about the effectiveness of the workshops and their appropriateness as a forum for providing feedback on the CEAG.

The evaluation forms submitted by attendees confirmed that these workshops were a good forum to discuss their data needs.

2026 Census of Agriculture submission form

The 2026 Census of Agriculture submission form (Appendix A) was created to allow data users to provide written feedback and explain their data needs. The form was provided to any data user who registered to participate in the consultation process. Statistics Canada also asked users to forward the submission form to any other users or organizations they thought might be interested in participating.

For the purposes of the submission form, the modules in the CEAG questionnaire were divided into two categories: core content and secondary content. Core content is the minimum content required to sustain Statistics Canada’s agriculture program and is expected to remain intact. Secondary content makes up the remainder of the questionnaire. It evolves based on data users’ changing needs and is subject to change or removal. Here is the list of modules by content category:

Core content

Secondary content

The 2026 Census of Agriculture submission form was delivered to data users as a fillable PDF and contained both multiple-choice and open-ended questions on

Overall, CEAG received 58 submission forms from data users by the October 14, 2022 deadline.Note Organizations were encouraged to combine their data needs and requests into one submission form to reduce the number of duplicate submissions from each organization.

Data needs and uses

Users were asked to report their need for each questionnaire module. The following definitions were provided to data users:

Data provided by the CEAG were predominantly identified as essential or of some need by data users. The majority of CEAG data users noted that data are essential or of some need. In particular, area of land and land use questions were identified as essential or of some need to 98.0% of users, with only 2.0% indicating that they had no need for these questions or data. By contrast, 81.6% of data users indicated that the question on succession plan was essential or of some need, with 18.4% indicating they had no need.Note See Table 2 for data users’ needs by CEAG topic.

Table 2
Data users' level of need by 2026 Census of Agriculture topic Table summary
This table displays the results of Data users' level of need by 2026 Census of Agriculture topic Some need, No need, Data users and Essential need, calculated using percent units of measure (appearing as column headers).
Topic Level of need
Essential need Some need No need
percent
Source: 2026 Census of Agriculture content consultations.
Agricultural operators 67.9 18.9 13.2
Paid labour 67.3 15.4 17.3
Area of land and land use 84.3 13.7 2.0
Organic products 53.8 32.7 13.5
Land practices and features 70.1 18.9 11.0
Inputs or manure 73.6 20.8 5.7
Irrigation 60.8 29.4 9.8
Agricultural products 59.2 22.5 18.2
Poultry and livestock 68.6 17.5 13.9
Technologies and renewable energy 57.1 31.4 11.5
Market value 58.0 28.0 14.0
Farm vehicles, machinery and equipment 46.9 44.9 8.2
Direct sales 62.0 24.0 14.0
Succession plan 55.1 26.5 18.4

The top two uses of CEAG data are for the analysis of trends in agriculture or research and the development of policies, regulations and programs. Users were given a list of four general uses for CEAG data, with the option to add additional uses that were not listed. See Chart 1 for the distribution of responses.

Chart 1: Census of Agriculture data uses for organizations

Data table for Chart 1
Data table for chart 1 Table summary
This table displays the results of Data table for chart 1 Total number of responses, calculated using number units of measure (appearing as column headers).
Data uses Total responses
number
Source: 2026 Census of Agriculture content consultations.
Analysis of trends in agriculture or research 55
Policy, regulation or program development 38
Program or policy evaluation 33
Resource allocation for programs and services 26
Other 18

In addition to rating the relevance of core content and identifying key uses for data, data users were asked to provide

User content submissions related to core content justifications, rationales for keeping secondary content and data gaps were broken down by modules and question numbers, while information about alternative data sources was kept for future reference. Once the submissions had been divided into the various CEAG questionnaire modules, they were reviewed by CEAG analysts and grouped into categories based on submission type. Figure 1 outlines feedback by module and type of feedback.

Figure 1: Top topics by content submission type

Description for Figure 1

Figure 1 presents a block diagram of the most frequently submitted topics for each of the four 2021 Census of Agriculture submission categories. Topics for which changes were suggested include livestock (26), organic products (17), inputs and manure (11), farm vehicles, machinery and equipment (7), and direct sales (5). Topics for which new questions were suggested include inputs and manure (40), technologies (30), land practices and features (22), paid labour (12), and renewable energy (10). Topics for which general comments were made include agricultural operators (11), summerfallow (8), renewable energy (8), tillage (7), and succession plan (7). Topics for which justifications of need were made include paid labour (34), land practices and features (31), renewable energy (30), irrigation (30), organic products (29) and direct sales (29).

Source: 2026 Census of Agriculture content consultations.

The inputs and manure module received the highest number of comments. The majority (58.8%) of user content submissions were justifications for keeping specific content in the CEAG questionnaire. The remaining submissions were suggestions for either new questions (18.5%), changes to existing questions (13.6%) or contained general comments (9.1%) (Appendix B).

Content evaluation method

User content submissions identified as suggesting changes or proposing new questions went through an exhaustive and systematic analysis based on key criteria developed by Statistics Canada (Appendix C). Content submissions categorized as justifications of need or general comments were retained for use by Statistics Canada to determine whether secondary content would be kept or modified.

The key criteria provided an efficient, structured and standardized way to analyze users’ comments and suggestions. The key criteria included the following questions:

The key criteria were assigned a scoreNote using a stringent methodology that considered the relative importance in determining the content for the 2026 CEAG questionnaire. Factors considered when assigning the score included whether

Under the direction and review of the CEAG program manager, two data analysts worked independently to review and score proposed changes. A structured guide was used to ensure that the final decision was accurate and appropriate before finalizing the combined score for each proposed change. A third review for cases with large gaps between scores was conducted by the program manager, in consultation with the Census of Agriculture Steering Committee, to finalize the scores of these cases.

These scores guided decisions for inclusion in the 2026 CEAG questionnaire, with all suggestions grouped into one of the following three categories:

  1. Suitable for the CEAG and qualified for Questionnaire Design Resource Centre (QDRC) testing—the suggestion or new question met most of the key criteria (for example, if a suggestion was relevant, of national scope, easy for farmers to answer and was requested by multiple organizations, it would be deemed worthy of further testing).
  2. Not suitable for the CEAG, but may be suitable for other Statistics Canada agriculture surveys—the suggestion or new question may represent an important data need, but the CEAG is not the preferable collection method for it (this category could include data gaps where data are needed more frequently than every five years, or data gaps that are too specific to be included in the CEAG).
  3. Not suitable for the CEAG or other Statistics Canada agriculture surveys—the suggestions or new questions do not meet enough key criteria to qualify for further testing (for example, content submissions that are too detailed, not relevant to the CEAG, or not within the mandate of the CEAG or Statistics Canada).

The data users submitted 157 suggestions that were categorized as new questions. Of the new questions suggested, 75.9% were deemed to be suitable for the CEAG or other Statistics Canada agriculture surveys, while 24.1% were determined to be unsuitable for both the CEAG and other Statistics Canada surveys, based on the CEAG’s key criteria.

Additionally, a total of 115 comments were categorized as suggested changes to existing CEAG questions; 58.3% of the suggested changes to questions were identified as suitable for the CEAG or other Statistics Canada agricultural surveys, while 41.7% were identified as unsuitable for both the CEAG and other Statistics Canada surveys.Note

Chart 2 provides a breakdown of the suitability of proposed changes and suggested new questions. Tables D.1 and D.2 in Appendix D provide a full breakdown of suggestions by topic, grouped by core and secondary content, and the decisions made about their suitability for modular testing.

Chart 2: Suitability for testing of data user suggestions and new questions for the 2026 Census of Agriculture questionnaire

Data table for Chart 2
Data table for chart 2 Table summary
This table displays the results of Data table for chart 2 Unsuitable for the Census of Agriculture but suitable for other Statistics Canada agriculture surveys, Data user suggestions, Unsuitable for the Census of Agriculture and other Statistics Canada agriculture surveys and Suitable for testing, calculated using percent units of measure (appearing as column headers).
  Suitable for testing Unsuitable for the Census of Agriculture but suitable for other Statistics Canada agriculture surveys Unsuitable for the Census of Agriculture and other Statistics Canada agriculture surveys
Data user suggestions
percent
Source: 2026 Census of Agriculture content consultations.
Suggested changes 17.4 40.9 41.7
New questions 20.9 55.1 24.1

Modular testing

In accordance with the Policy on the Development of Questionnaires, Statistics Canada’s QDRC conducted qualitative testing, also known as modular testing, with farm operators. In 2023, testing was completed in two phases, where changes to the 2021 CEAG questionnaire and help text were presented to respondents to gather their feedback.

The purpose of this testing was to

The qualitative testing was conducted on a one-to-one basis with farmers. Participants recruited for testing were prioritized based on the proposed changes to the questionnaire’s content, while ensuring that there were enough diverse farms included to cover all elements of the questionnaire. Statistics Canada employees recruited operators of farms of various sizes, types and operating arrangements, and with the specific attributes that needed to be tested (e.g., farms with renewable energy or mushrooms). Both French and English versions of the questionnaire were tested.  

Modular test—Phase 1

The first phase of testing took place in January 2023. A total of 59 interviews were completed virtually via Microsoft Teams. In this phase of testing, CEAG tested changes to the English and French EQs, including changes to the help text.

Table 3 outlines the testing priorities for the first phase of modular testing.

Table 3
Phase 1: testing priorities for 2026 Census of Agriculture content Table summary
This table displays the results of Phase 1 testing priorities for 2026 Census of Agriculture content. The information is grouped by Priority (appearing as row headers), , calculated using (appearing as column headers).
Priority 2021 Census of Agriculture questionnaire modules
Source: 2026 Census of Agriculture content consultations.
High Organic products
Land practices and features
Greenhouses
Poultry
Renewable energy
Medium Fruits, berries and nuts
Land use
Inputs or manure
Livestock
Technologies
Low Agricultural activity
Agricultural operators
Paid labour
Hay and field crops
Field vegetables
Market value
Farm vehicles, machinery and equipment
Direct sales
Succession plan

The results from this phase of testing were used to determine whether the new content was suitable for further testing (Phase 2) or whether it was unsuitable for the CEAG (e.g., the question was difficult for farmers to understand or unduly increased response burden). Changes to new content were made as required before the second phase of testing.

Modular test—Phase 2

The second phase of testing took place in June 2023. A total of 79 interviews were conducted during this phase, where both the English and French versions of the EQ were tested. By Phase 2, much of the new content had already been integrated into the EQ.

Table 4 outlines the testing priorities for the second phase of modular testing.

Table 4
Phase 2: testing priorities for 2026 Census of Agriculture content Table summary
This table displays the results of Phase 2 testing priorities for 2026 Census of Agriculture content. The information is grouped by Priority (appearing as row headers), , calculated using (appearing as column headers).
Priority 2021 Census of Agriculture questionnaire modules
Source: 2026 Census of Agriculture content consultations.
High Agricultural operators
Paid labour
Mushrooms
Greenhouses
Maple tree taps
Poultry
Livestock
Medium Land use
Inputs or manure
Low Agricultural activity
Area of land
Organic products
Hay and field crops
Farm vehicles, machinery and equipment

Interpretation of the modular test results

If new content tested well in the second phase, it was integrated into the EQ in preparation for the 2024 Census of Agriculture Test. For the remaining content, the modular testing results were used to determine appropriate solutions to any issues that were identified, including

All the content issues identified during modular testing were outlined in the QDRC reports, which were written after each phase. In addition to identifying content issues, these reports provided a module-by-module breakdown of the results from probing questions developed by CEAG analysts. In cases where more than one version of the question was being tested, the versions preferred by respondents were also included in the report.

After reviewing these reports, CEAG analysts met with QDRC interviewers to discuss and address the identified issues. For example, if a module had content that was difficult for respondents to understand, QDRC would provide suggestions for how this issue could be resolved, based on their experience with questionnaire design and testing. This feedback informed the content change decisions made by CEAG analysts in preparation for the 2024 Census of Agriculture Test.

2024 Census of Agriculture Test

On May 14, 2024, the final stage of content testing for the 2026 CEAG, the 2024 Census of Agriculture Test, took place. Data collection began on May 6, 2024, and ended on June 28, 2024. The purpose of the 2024 Census of Agriculture Test was to test content changes, as well as all EQ systems and processes, imputation processes, and validation tools.

Methodology

A sample of 10,000 agriculture operations were selected from across Canada. The sample was targeted to include specific language profiles and farm characteristics. Additionally, some farm types were given priority based on changes to content or collection methods, as outlined in Table 5. For instance, the land practices and features module was rated as a high testing priority for the census test because of changes in content. Consequently, part of the sampling strategy involved ensuring that enough operations that had reported land practices and features in 2021 were included in the sample to ensure proper testing of the question.

Table 5
Testing priorities for the 2024 Census of Agriculture Test Table summary
This table displays the results of Testing priorities for the 2024 Census of Agriculture Test. The information is grouped by Priority (appearing as row headers), , calculated using (appearing as column headers).
Priority Modules from the 2024 Census of Agriculture Test questionnaire
Source: 2026 Census of Agriculture content consultations.
High Greenhouses
Maple tree taps
Paid labour
Out-of-scope operations
Poultry
Technologies
Land practices and features
Medium Livestock
Organic products
Renewable energy
Inputs or manure
Low Fruits, berries and nuts
Field vegetables
Direct sales

When the sample was selected, each agricultural operation was sent an invitation to participate at the beginning of May 2024. Participation in the census test was voluntary.

Of the 10,000 potential respondents, 5,686 responded, representing a response rate of 56.9%. More information on the census test sampling strategy is provided in Figure 2.

Figure 2 2024 Census of Agriculture Test sampling strategy

Description for Figure 2

Figure 2 presents a flowchart of the 2024 Census of Agriculture Test sampling strategy. This strategy includes cross-country representation, farms that were active on the Business Register, farm types required to test proposed EQ changes and data replacement strategies, some out-of-scope farms, operations of different sizes including those with revenues of less than $10,000, and farms that used the EQ in 2021. This strategy excludes non-respondents and refusals from the 2021 CEAG; some large agricultural operations and special universes such as Hutterite and Mennonite communities, institutional farms and community pastures; participants from Phase 1 and Phase 2 of QDRC testing; and mushroom operations. Based on these inclusions and exclusions, invitations were sent to a sample of 10,000 farms across Canada. Of these, 58.7% were English and 41.3% were French. The response rate for the 2024 Census of Agriculture Test was 56.9%. The response rate for English agricultural operations was 57.4% and the response rate for French agricultural operations was 56.1%. In total, 5,686 operations submitted questionnaires for the 2024 Census of Agriculture Test.

Note: These values contain respondents that were out of scope in 2024.

Source: 2024 Census of Agriculture Test.

Content validation

After data collection was closed, the results were analyzed to ensure that changes to the questionnaire were properly understood and reported, and that the EQ functionality was operating as expected. Validators assessed results based on the following criteria:

Validity edits: Validators assessed the inconsistencies within a single module. For example, when a respondent reported “yes” to greenhouse production in question 16 but did not report any greenhouse area in questions 45 or 46.

Integrity edits: Validators assessed inconsistencies or incoherence with other related questions. For example, a respondent that reported tapping maple trees in question 47 but reported no woodland area in question 32.

Reliability edits: Validators assessed inconsistencies between reported data and other or historical data sets. For example, validators compared the number of dairy cattle reported by respondents in 2024 with the number reported in the 2021 CEAG.

In addition, responses to the 2024 Census Test were analyzed by language to ensure that the terminology used was equally understood in French and English.

Testing summary

The testing process for the 2026 CEAG questionnaire was thorough and included two phases of modular testing and a National Census Test. After each of these tests, the prospective 2026 CEAG questionnaire underwent vigorous analysis to determine its suitability for subsequent testing. The findings will inform content recommendations for the 2026 CEAG questionnaire.

Appendix A: 2026 Census of Agriculture submission form

The information you provide will be carefully reviewed and will assist in determining content for the 2026 Census of Agriculture.

Statistics Canada is committed to respecting the privacy of consultation participants. All personal information created, held or collected by the agency is protected by the Privacy Act.

Anonymized comments collected during the consultation may be published in the 2026 Census of Agriculture Content Consultation Report available on the Statistics Canada website in fall 2024.

  1. Please provide your contact information.
    • Name:
    • Organization (if applicable):
    • E-mail address:
    • Phone number:

  2. Select the category that best describes you or the organization that you represent.
    • Federal government
    • Provincial or territorial government
    • Municipal government
    • Agricultural organization or producer group
    • Academia (professors, researchers, students, etc.)
    • Agricultural business
    • Other (please specify):

  3. For what purpose(s) do you or your organization use Census of Agriculture data?
    Select all that apply.
    • Analysis of trends in agriculture or research
    • Policy, regulation or program development
    • Resource allocation for programs and services
    • Program or policy evaluation
    • Other (please specify):

  4. The Census of Agriculture questionnaire modules are listed below. Considering the following definitions, please rate your organization’s need for each module.
    • Essential means that it is required to fulfill a legislative requirement or the needs of a regulation, policy or program.
    • Some need means that it could be used to fulfill the needs of a regulation, policy, program or other application.
    • No need means that it is not used.

  5. 2021 Census of Agriculture: modules and ratings Table summary
    This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
    Modules Essential Some Need No Need
    Agricultural operators
    (questions 3 to 6)
    Paid labour
    (questions 7 to 9)
    Area of land
    (question 12)
    Organic products
    (question 26)
    Hay and field crops
    (question 28)
    Field vegetables
    (question 29)
    Fruits, berries, and nuts
    (question 30)
    Sod, nursery products, and Christmas trees
    (question 31)
    Land use
    (question 32)
    Summerfallow
    (question 33)
    Tillage and seeding practices
    (question 34)
    Land practices and features
    (questions 35 and 36)
    Crop residue
    (question 37)
    Inputs or manure
    (questions 38 and 39)
    Irrigation
    (question 40)
    Mushrooms
    (questions 41 to 44)
    Greenhouses
    (questions 45 and 46)
    Maple tree taps
    (question 47)
    Honeybees
    (question 48)
    Other pollinating bees
    (question 49)
    Poultry
    (question 50)
    Chicken or turkey production
    (questions 51 and 52)
    Table and hatching eggs
    (questions 53 and 54)
    Commercial poultry hatcheries
    (question 55)
    Livestock – cattle or calves
    (question 56)
    Livestock – pigs
    (question 57)
    Livestock – sheep or lambs
    (question 58)
    Livestock – other livestock
    (question 59)
    Technologies
    (question 60)
    Renewable energy
    (question 61)
    Use of renewable energy
    (question 62)
    Market value of land and buildings
    (question 63)
    Farm vehicles, machinery and equipment - details
    (question 64)
    Farm vehicles, machinery and equipment - total only
    (question 64)
    Gross farm receipts and operating expenses
    (questions 65 and 67)
    Sales of firewood, pulpwood, logs, fence posts and pilings
    (question 66)
    Direct sales
    (questions 68 to 71)
    Succession plan
    (question 72)
    Operating arrangement
    (from tax data)
    Cannabis
    (from coded cells and/or alternative sources)
  6. The following modules are part of the secondary component and are under consideration for removal for the 2026 Census of Agriculture. Please justify your needs.

    If the module is important to you or your organization, please provide your rationale for keeping the question in the 2026 Census of Agriculture. Include a description of your needs and how you use this data (e.g., for policy requirements, research, etc.), as well as the level of geography required.

    *The question numbers refer to the 2021 Census of Agriculture questionnaire.
    • Paid labour (questions 7 to 9) – Max. 2,000 characters:
    • Organic products (question 26) – Max. 2,000 characters:
    • Summerfallow (question 33) – Max. 2,000 characters:
    • Tillage and seeding practices (question 34) – Max. 2,000 characters:
    • Land practices and features (questions 35 and 36) – Max. 2,000 characters:
    • Crop residue (question 37) – Max. 2,000 characters:
    • Inputs or manure (questions 38 and 39) – Max. 2,000 characters:
    • Irrigation (question 40) – Max. 2,000 characters:
    • Technologies (question 60) – Max. 2,000 characters:
    • Renewable energy (question 61) – Max. 2,000 characters:
    • Use of renewable energy (question 62) – Max. 2,000 characters:
    • Farm vehicles, machinery and equipment – details (question 64) – Max. 2,000 characters:
    • Direct sales (questions 68 to 71) – Max. 2,000 characters:
    • Succession plan (question 72) – Max. 2,000 characters:
    • Operating arrangement (from tax data) – Max. 2,000 characters:

  7. The following modules of the Census of Agriculture questionnaire are considered core content.
    2021 Census of Agriculture: core content Table summary
    This table displays the results of . The information is grouped by Core content (appearing as row headers), , calculated using (appearing as column headers).
    Core content Modules
    Business/Contact information Introductory module – questions 1 to 4
    Agricultural operators Questions 3 to 6
    Main farm location Question 10
    Area of land and land use Questions 12 and 32
    Organic products Question 26
    Hay and field crops Question 28
    Field vegetables Question 29
    Fruits, berries and nuts Question 30
    Sod, nursery products and Christmas trees Question 31
    Mushrooms Questions 41 to 44
    Greenhouses Questions 45 and 46
    Maple tree taps Question 47
    Honeybees Question 48
    Other pollinating bees Question 49
    Poultry Question 50
    Chicken or turkey production Questions 51 and 52
    Table and hatching eggs Questions 53 and 54
    Commercial poultry hatcheries Question 55
    Livestock – cattle or calves Question 56
    Livestock – pigs Question 57
    Livestock – sheep or lambs Question 58
    Livestock – other livestock Question 59
    Market value of land and buildings Question 63
    Farm vehicles, machinery and equipment (total) Question 64
    Total gross farm receipts Question 65
    Total farm operating expenses Question 67
    Detailed revenues From tax data
    Detailed expenses From tax data
    Sales of firewood, pulpwood, logs, fence posts and pilings Question 66
    Cannabis From coded cells and/or alternative source

    Please indicate which modules are used by you or your organization and provide a brief description of how you use the data (e.g., for policy requirements, research, etc.).

    • Max. 2,000 characters:

  8. In your opinion, are there data gaps that the 2026 Census of Agriculture should fill? Data gaps may include topics, population groups, etc. that are not currently covered by the census.
    • Yes
    • No

    If yes, please list these data gaps below in order of priority. Include descriptions of how this data would be used by your organization, existing data sources for this information, and suggested wording for any questions that you propose to cover these data gaps.

    • Data gap 1 – Max. 2,000 Characters:
    • Data gap 2 – Max. 2,000 Characters:
    • Data gap 3 – Max. 2,000 Characters:

  9. Do you know of alternative data sources that can provide similar information as the Census of Agriculture data?

    For example, an administrative list or a registration list.

    • Yes
    • No

    If yes, please provide the names of the alternative data sources and the organizations that produce it.


  10. We invite you to provide any additional comments, questions or concerns you would like to share (Max. 2,000 Characters).

    Thank you very much for your input. We will carefully consider each of your comments during the consultation process.

    Please note that the deadline for written submissions is October 14, 2022.

    This submission form should be sent to:
    statcan.CEAG-consultationreag-consultation.statcan@statcan.gc.ca

Appendix B: Comments received on the Census of Agriculture submissions form, by module

Table B.1
Number of comments by 2021 Census of Agriculture questionnaire module Table summary
This table displays the results of Number of comments by 2021 Census of Agriculture questionnaire module. The information is grouped by Topic/Module (appearing as row headers), , calculated using (appearing as column headers).
Topic/Module Question number Suggested changes New questions General comments Justifications of need Total
Note ...

not applicable

Source: 2026 Census of Agriculture content consultations.
number
Farm operators 3 to 6 4 0 11 2 17
Paid labour 7 to 9 4 12 2 34 52
Main farm location 10 1 0 0 8 9
Unit of measure 11 0 0 0 0 0
Area of land 12 2 0 0 16 18
Organic products 26 17 0 1 29 47
Hay and field crops 28 3 0 2 17 22
Field vegetables 29 2 1 0 7 10
Fruits, berries, and nuts 30 3 0 0 7 10
Sod, nursery products, and Christmas trees 31 0 0 1 7 8
Land use 32 3 9 1 15 28
Summerfallow 33 1 2 8 24 35
Tillage and seeding practices 34 2 1 7 25 35
Land practices and features 35 and 36 2 22 1 31 56
Crop residue 37 0 6 6 25 37
Inputs or manure 38 and 39 11 40 2 27 80
Irrigation 40 1 7 1 30 39
Mushrooms 41 to 44 1 0 1 6 8
Greenhouses 45 and 46 3 1 0 6 10
Maple tree taps 47 0 0 0 4 4
Bees 48 and 49 2 0 0 4 6
Poultry 50 to 55 2 8 2 6 18
Livestock 56 to 59 26 0 2 17 45
Technologies 60 3 30 2 27 62
Renewable energy 61 and 62 2 10 8 30 50
Market value of land and buildings 63 3 0 0 7 10
Farm vehicles, machinery and equipment 64 7 2 3 22 34
Gross farm receipts 65 and 67 4 0 4 13 21
Direct sales 68 to 71 5 0 5 29 39
Succession plan 72 1 1 7 23 32
Other - data gaps ... not applicable 0 5 0 0 5
Total ... not applicable 115 157 77 498 847

Appendix C: Key criteria and score

Table C.1
Key criteria and score
Table summary
This table displays the results of . The information is grouped by Question (appearing as row headers), , calculated using (appearing as column headers).
Question Assessment
Relevance:
Is this critical to ongoing programs/policies related to agriculture?
Score: Yes = 3, Somewhat = 2, No = 0

Note: Weight of 2 (somewhat) is assigned to those that do not specify a program/policy but stress an impact or risk associated with the data need.
Prevalence/Demand:
Did multiple organizations request this change?
Score: Yes = 1, No = 0

Note: "Multiple" is 2 or more to get a weight of 1, 6 or more to get a weight of 2.
International:
Do other countries ask for this?
Score: Yes = 1, No = 0

Size of population:
Is the size of the data set suggested in terms of farm count and/or total farm area small?
Score: Yes = -1, No = 0

Note: If less than 3% for farm count or area then weight = -1.
National scope:
Is this topic of national interest?
Score: Yes = 2, No = 0

Note: If the majority of the provinces produce the commodity then weight = 2.
Cross-tabulations:
Is the information required to be cross-classified with other questions from the questionnaire?
Score: Yes = 1, No = 0

Alternative source:
Are there no quality alternative sources available?
Score: Yes = 3, No = 0

Note: Reliable and good sources of information for all provinces = 0, less reliable and acceptable sources of information available for one or some provinces = 1 or 2, unreliable sources of information or none = 3.
Continuity over time:
Will the change affect historical comparability?
Score: Yes = -2, No = 0

Frequency:
Is the collection of this data every 5 years sufficient?
Score: Yes = 2, No = 0

Note: High profile content would require data every year.
Difficulty:
Can farmers easily provide the information?
Score: Yes = 2, No = 0

Note: Tick box = 2, value from top of head (area, inventory) = 1, research needed (tax, T4, assessment) = 0.
Willingness:
Is it likely that farmers will be willing to answer?
Score: Yes = 2, No = 0

Note: Content providing a competitive advantage or related to financial aspects of their business are more difficult to collect.
Past testing:
Does past testing show negative results and are these negative results likely to be consistent over time?
Score: Yes = -2, No = 0

Farm enumeration:
Can they be easily targeted on the BR using our new farm definition?
Score: Yes = 0, No = -2

Note: This criteria only applies for recommendations of adding new commodities not already covered by the CEAG. If that industry tends to report agricultural revenues and expenses, an agriculture NAICS set the score to 0; if the answer is no, set the score to -2.
Geography:
Is the data needed at sub-provincial levels?
Score: Yes = 2, No = 0
Maximum score possible Score = 20

Appendix D: Summary of content consultations submissions

Table D.1
Summary of content consultation submissions for core content Table summary
This table displays the results of Summary of content consultation submissions for core content. The information is grouped by Topic (appearing as row headers), , calculated using (appearing as column headers).
Topic Question number in 2021 Census of Agriculture Summary of submissions received Number of comments Topic assessment
Source: 2026 Census of Agriculture content consultations.
Main farm location Question 10 Change the order of the type of addresses. 1 Determined to be unsuitable for testing because
  • the data is too granular for a CEAG.
  • Area of land Question 12 Include further breakdown of other land categories. 1 Determined to be suitable for testing because
  • it has national scope
  • it improves question accessibility
  • it is important for existing policies and programs.
  • Include further breakdown of fallow land. 1 Determined to be unsuitable for testing because
  • it unduly increases response burden
  • it is difficult for respondents to answer.
  • Organic products Question 26 Add category for organic but not certified. 2 Determined to be suitable for testing because
  • collection of this data every 5 years is sufficient
  • it does not increase response burden
  • there are no high quality alternative data sources.
  • Add content about organic acreage, seeded acreage versus acreage intended to be seeded, breakdown by commodities (livestock, maple, eggs, etc.), percentage of organic versus non-organic, revenue from organic agriculture, GMO acreage, labour and employment, demographics, and national sustainability and certification systems.
    15 Determined to be unsuitable for testing because
  • limited widespread interest in the data
  • it is difficult for respondents to answer
  • it has an impact on historical comparability
  • the data is too granular for a CEAG
  • there are high quality alternative data sources
  • it unduly increases response burden.
  • Hay and field crops Question 28 Include further breakdown of cover crops. 1 Determined to be unsuitable for testing because
  • it has an impact on historical comparability
  • it unduly increases response burden
  • it is difficult for respondents to answer
  • there are high quality alternative data sources.
  • Differentiate between crops grown for export or Canadian production. 1 Determined to be unsuitable for testing because
  • it has an impact on historical comparability
  • it unduly increases response burden
  • the data is too granular for a CEAG
  • it is difficult for respondents to answer.
  • Add a category to report seed for each crop. 1 Determined to be unsuitable for testing because
  • it has an impact on historical comparability
  • it unduly increases response burden
  • the data is too granular for a CEAG
  • it is difficult for respondents to answer.
  • Field vegetables Question 29 Add category for sweet potatoes. 1 Determined to be unsuitable for testing because
  • the geographical scope is too narrow.
  • Include further breakdown of peppers into bell and hot. 1 Determined to be unsuitable for testing because
  • it has an impact on historical comparability
  • it unduly increases response burden
  • it is difficult for respondents to answer
  • the geographical scope is too narrow.
  • Add a category to report quantity of seeds used. 1 Determined to be unsuitable for testing because
  • it unduly increases response burden
  • it is difficult for respondents to answer
  • the data is too granular for a CEAG.
  • Fruits, berries and nuts Question 30 Include other types of alcohol production besides wine. 1 Determined to be suitable for testing because
  • it has national scope
  • it improves question accessibility
  • it is important for existing policies and programs
  • there is high interest in the data.
  • Include further breakdown of categories for grapes being produced for wine. 1 Determined to be unsuitable for testing because
  • the targeted population does not meet size criteria
  • there are high quality alternative data sources.
  • Change the name of buckthorn to sea buckthorn. 1 Determined to be suitable for testing (within other fruits, berries and nuts) because
  • it improves question accessibility
  • it does not increase response burden.
  • Land use Question 32 Add a category for land not seeded due to environmental reasons. 2 Determined to be suitable for testing because
  • there are no high quality alternative data sources
  • other countries have adopted similar suggestions
  • the targeted population meets size criteria
  • there is high interest in the data.
  • Include further breakdown of categories for woodlands and wetlands and land use. 10 Determined to be unsuitable for testing because
  • it unduly increases response burden
  • it is difficult for respondents to answer.
  • Mushrooms Questions 41 to 44 Add more content about specialty mushrooms. 1 Determined to be unsuitable for testing because
  • there are high quality alternative data sources
  • it has an impact on historical comparability
  • it unduly increases response burden
  • the data is too granular for a CEAG.
  • Greenhouses Questions 45 and 46 Consider adding indoor/vertical farming as a separate category. 2 Determined to be unsuitable for testing because
  • limited widespread interest in the data
  • the data is too granular for a CEAG
  • there are high quality alternative data sources
  • it unduly increases response burden.
  • Add a separate category for lettuce. 1 Determined to be suitable for testing because
  • it harmonizes with other Statistics Canada surveys
  • it has national scope.
  • Add a separate category for strawberries. 1 Determined to be unsuitable for testing because
  • the targeted population does not meet size criteria
  • there are high quality alternative data sources.
  • Bees Question 48 Add content about pollinating and honey bees and the value of renting colonies and sales of bee products. 2 Determined to be unsuitable for testing because
  • the data requires a more frequent collection
  • it has an impact on historical comparability
  • it unduly increases response burden.
  • Poultry Questions 50 to 55 Addition of filter question to identify empty barns. 1 Determined to be suitable for testing because
  • it improves question accessibility
  • it does not increase response burden.
  • Include further breakdown or clarification of categories. 8 Determined to be unsuitable for testing because
  • limited widespread interest in the data
  • the data is too granular for a CEAG
  • it unduly increases response burden
  • the targeted population does not meet size criteria.
  • Addition of question to those reporting empty barns to find out the barn capacity and type of poultry. 1 Determined to be unsuitable for testing because
  • the data is too granular for a CEAG
  • it unduly increases response burden
  • there are high quality alternative data sources.
  • Livestock Questions 56 to 59 Include further breakdown of categories for pigs, sheep, lambs, veal, bison and horses. 12 Determined to be unsuitable for testing because
  • the data is too granular for a CEAG
  • it unduly increases response burden
  • there are high quality alternative data sources
  • it is difficult for respondents to answer.
  • Add content about antibiotic use, retained ownership, biosecurity, traceability, animal welfare and types of housing. 11 Determined to be unsuitable for testing because
  • it unduly increases response burden
  • there are high quality alternative data sources.
  • Addition of filter question to identify empty barns. 1 Determined to be suitable for testing because
  • there is high interest in the data
  • it improves question accessibility
  • it does not increase response burden.
  • Market value of land and buildings Question 63 Split land value and building value. 2 Determined to be unsuitable for testing because
  • it unduly increases response burden
  • it is difficult for respondents to answer
  • some of these topics have not tested well historically.
  • Clarify inclusion and exclusion criteria. 1 Determined to be suitable for testing because
  • it improves question accessibility
  • it does not increase response burden.
  • Total operating revenues and expenses Questions 65 and 67 Add content about renewable energy income, more detailed expense categories, and lower level revenue categories. 4 Determined to be unsuitable for testing because
  • it unduly increases response burden.
  • Table D.2
    Summary of content consultation submissions for secondary content Table summary
    This table displays the results of Summary of content consultation submissions for secondary content. The information is grouped by Topic (appearing as row headers), , calculated using (appearing as column headers).
    Topic Question number in 2021 Census of Agriculture Summary of submissions received Number of comments Topic assessment
    Source: 2026 Census of Agriculture content consultations.
    Paid labour Questions 7 to 9 Add content about temporary foreign workers. 5 Determined to be unsuitable for testing because
  • there are high quality alternative data sources.
  • Add content about labour shortages and unpaid workers (exchange or volunteer), hours worked. 11 Determined to be unsuitable for testing because
  • it has an impact on historical comparability
  • it unduly increases response burden
  • it is difficult for respondents to answer
  • the data is too granular for a CEAG.
  • Summerfallow Question 33 Explain distinction between summerfallow and idle cropland. 1 Determined to be suitable for testing because
  • it is important for existing policies and programs
  • other countries have adopted similar suggestions
  • there are no high quality alternative data sources
  • there is high interest in the data
  • the targeted population meets size criteria.
  • Consider moving summerfallow to be reported under land practices question and add more conservation and regenerative practices. Add questions about forms of weed control on all land and not just summerfallow. 2 Determined to be unsuitable for testing because
  • it unduly increases response burden
  • it is difficult for respondents to answer.
  • Tillage and seeding practices Question 34 Add question about the frequency of tillage. 1 Determined to be unsuitable for testing because
  • it unduly increases response burden
  • it is difficult for respondents to answer
  • the data is too granular for a CEAG.
  • Use terms conventional and conservation tillage to align with other agriculture surveys and improve the understanding of terminology. 2 Determined to be suitable for testing because
  • it harmonizes with other Statistics Canada surveys.
  • Land practices and crop residue Questions 35 to 37 Add content about area for land practices. 10 Determined to be suitable for testing because
  • collection of this data every 5 years is sufficient
  • it harmonizes with other Statistics Canada surveys
  • it has national scope
  • it is important for existing policies and programs
  • the targeted population meets size criteria
  • there is high prevalence or demand.
  • Add length of shelterbelts. 5 Determined to be unsuitable for testing because
  • it unduly increases response burden
  • it is difficult for respondents to answer
  • limited widespread interest in the data
  • the data is too granular for a CEAG
  • some of these topics have not tested well historically.
  • Align questions with Farm Management Survey. 1 Determined to be unsuitable for testing because
  • it has an impact on historical comparability
  • there are high quality alternative data sources
  • it unduly increases response burden.
  • Add more questions and categories for intercropping, planting of dedicated bioenergy crops, what is the future use of cover crops, and how many livestock are overwintered on pasture land. 9 Determined to be unsuitable for testing because
  • it unduly increases response burden
  • it is difficult for respondents to answer
  • it is not of national interest
  • the data is too granular for a CEAG
  • some of these topics have not tested well historically
  • limited widespread interest in the data.
  • Add more information regarding how crop residue is managed. 6 Determined to be unsuitable for testing because
  • it has an impact on historical comparability
  • it unduly increases response burden
  • it is difficult for respondents to answer
  • the data is too granular for a CEAG.
  • Inputs or manure Questions 38 and 39 Make simple changes to question wording. 1 Determined to be suitable for testing because
  • it improves question accessibility
  • it does not increase the response burden.
  • Add categories for organic inputs and manure, crop types, and other types of inputs and manures. 15 Determined to be unsuitable for testing because
  • the targeted population does not meet size criteria
  • there are high quality alternative data sources
  • it is difficult for respondents to answer
  • it has an impact on historical comparability
  • it unduly increases response burden.
  • Add content about concentrations and nutrient components of fertilizers and manures, concentrations and source species of manure contents, timing of manure application, whether manure was purchased or produced, and application method. 35 Determined to be unsuitable for testing because
  • the data is too granular for a CEAG
  • there are high quality alternative data sources
  • it unduly increases response burden
  • it is difficult for respondents to answer.
  • Irrigation Question 40 Provide more detailed irrigation information (e.g., types of crops irrigated and types of irrigation systems, and include greenhouse). 8 Determined to be unsuitable for testing because
  • it unduly increases repsonde burden
  • it is not of national interest
  • it has an impact on historical comparability
  • it is difficult for respondents to answer
  • there are high quality alternative data sources.
  • Technologies Question 60 Add additional content on internet and mobile network coverage. 2 Determined to be unsuitable for testing because
  • it unduly increases response burden
  • there are high quality alternative data sources.
  • Add various categories. 25 Determined to be unsuitable for testing because
  • limited widespread interest in the data
  • it unduly increases response burden
  • it is difficult for respondents to answer
  • the data is too granular for a CEAG
  • the targeted population does not meet size criteria.
  • Make simple changes to question wording. 3 Determined to be unsuitable for testing because
  • the geographical scope is too narrow
  • it is difficult for respondents to answer
  • it unduly increases the response burden.
  • Addition of more animal related categories. 5 Determined to be suitable for testing because
  • it has national scope
  • it is important for existing policies and programs
  • collection of this data every 5 years is sufficient
  • there is high interest in the data.
  • Renewable energy Questions 61 and 62 Add content for quantity of energy produced, used or sold and more information on how the energy from renewable resources is used on the farm. 6 Determined to be unsuitable for testing because
  • it unduly increases response burden
  • it is difficult for respondents to answer
  • the data is too granular for a CEAG
  • the targeted population does not meet size criteria
  • limited widespread interest in the data.
  • Add additional categories for area used to produce biomass and quantity of biomass, include more details on solar energy. 4 Determined to be unsuitable for testing because
  • it unduly increases response burden
  • it is difficult for respondents to answer
  • the data is too granular for a CEAG
  • the targeted population does not meet size criteria
  • limited widespread interest in the data.
  • Make changes to biomethane wording. 2 Determined to be unsuitable for testing because
  • it unduly increases response burden
  • it is difficult for respondents to answer
  • the data is too granular for a CEAG.
  • Farm vehicles, machinery and equipment Question 64 Add more categories and options. 8 Determined to be unsuitable for testing because
  • it has an impact on historical comparability
  • it unduly increases response burden
  • it is difficult for respondents to answer
  • the data is to granular for a CEAG.
  • Add content about owned, leased and shared vehicles. 1 Determined to be unsuitable for testing because
  • it unduly increases response burden
  • the data is too granular for a CEAG
  • it is difficult for respondents to answer.
  • Direct sales Questions 68 to 71 Clarify and add context. 5 Determined to be unsuitable for testing because
  • there are high quality alternative data sources.
  • Succession plan Question 72 Add content about type and transition time for the succession plan. 2 Determined to be unsuitable for testing because
  • it unduly increases response burden
  • it is difficult for respondents to answer
  • the data is too granular for a CEAG.
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