Table 2
International comparison of business enterprise expenditures on research and development as a percentage of gross domestic product, by selected OECD countries

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International comparison of business enterprise expenditures on research and development as a percentage of gross domestic product, by selected OECD countries
  2013 p 2012 r 2011 r 2010 r 2000 r
  percent
Israel 3.49 3.50 3.40 3.28 3.19
Korea 3.26 3.14 2.87 2.59 1.61
Japan 2.65 2.57 2.60 2.49 2.13
Finland 2.29 2.36 2.56 2.59 2.30
Sweden 2.28 2.22 2.22 2.21 ..
Switzerland .. 2.05 .. .. 1.72
Denmark 2.00 1.98 1.98 1.97 ..
Germany 1.99 1.96 1.89 1.82 1.68
United States .. 1.96 1.90 1.86 1.94
Austria 1.93 1.93 1.84 1.88 ..
Belgium 1.58 1.55 1.48 1.37 1.39
France 1.44 1.44 1.40 1.37 1.30
Australia .. .. 1.23 1.28 0.71
Netherlands 1.14 1.14 1.06 0.83 0.99
Ireland .. 1.14 1.09 1.11 0.78
Slovenia 1.98 1.95 1.79 1.40 0.76
United Kingdom 1.05 1.03 1.08 1.03 1.12
Czech Republic 1.03 0.96 0.86 0.77 0.67
Luxembourg 0.71 0.71 0.98 1.02 1.46
Canada 0.82 0.88 0.93 0.95 1.13
Norway 0.87 0.85 0.85 0.85 ..
Spain 0.66 0.67 0.69 0.69 0.47
Italy 0.67 0.68 0.66 0.66 0.50
OECD total 1.64 1.61 1.57 1.53 1.48
Note(s):
Countries are presented in descending order of business expenditures on research and development as a percentage of GDP based on their information for the most recent year reported on the table.
Source(s):
OECD, Main Science and Technology Indicators. Volume 2014/2.
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