Table 4
Number of prior healthcare contacts among victims of homicide, by gender-related status, Canada, 2009 to 2022

Table 4
Number of prior healthcare contacts among victims of homicide, by gender-related status, Canada, 2009 to 2022 Table summary
The information is grouped by Prior healthcare contacts (appearing as row headers), Gender-related homicides of women and girls1, Non-gender-related homicides of women and girls, Homicide of men and boys and Total, calculated using number, percent, number, percent, number, percent, number and percent units of measure (appearing as column headers).
Prior healthcare contacts Gender-related homicides of women and girls Table 4 Note 1 Non-gender-related homicides of women and girls Homicide of men and boys Total
number percent number percent number percent number percent
Note 1

Gender-related homicides of women and girls are solved homicides committed by a man or boy who was an intimate partner or family member of the victim, inflicted sexual violence on the victim as part of the killing or killed a victim who was identified as a sex worker. Non-gender-related homicides of women and girls are all those that do not contain the above qualifiers but involve a woman or girl as the victim and have a known accused. The homicide of men and boys exclude unsolved incidents.

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Note 2

Elapsed times are cumulative. For example, number of visits within five years of homicide date includes those who had a visit within two years and within one year of homicide date.

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Note: Based on linked health records of unique individuals who were a victim of homicide, including emergency department registrations since 2009 from the National Ambulatory Care Reporting System (NACRS) and acute inpatient care records from the Discharge Abstract Database (DAD). The NACRS captures information on emergency department (ED) registrations. For the period under study, submission of ED data to NACRS was mandated in Ontario and Alberta, and only partially mandated or not mandated in the other provinces and territories. Therefore, ED visit information may not be complete for all provinces and territories. Specifically, data may be biased toward the context in Ontario and Alberta as they account for the largest proportion of the study cohort (64%) with at least one visit in the past 5 years and are the only provinces with mandatory ED reporting (including reporting of diagnoses). These provinces recorded the highest frequency of ED visits. There may be a small number of homicides included in a given year's total that occurred in previous years. Homicides are counted according to the year in which they are reported to Statistics Canada. Excludes victims where gender was coded as unknown.
Source: Statistics Canada, Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics, Gender-related homicide record linkage file and Discharge Abstract Database and National Ambulatory Care Reporting System.
Number of contacts within 1 year of homicide date  
None 269 35.8 97 25.7 692 28.0 1,058 29.4
1 visit 208 27.7 105 27.9 664 26.9 977 27.1
2 to 4 visits 197 26.2 119 31.6 802 32.4 1,118 31.0
5 or more visits 78 10.4 56 14.9 314 12.7 448 12.4
Total 752 100.0 377 100.0 2,472 100.0 3,601 100.0
Number of contacts within 2 years of homicide date Table 4 Note 2  
None 166 22.1 58 15.4 442 17.9 666 18.5
1 visit 196 26.1 97 25.7 586 23.7 879 24.4
2 to 4 visits 245 32.6 129 34.2 886 35.8 1,260 35.0
5 or more visits 145 19.3 93 24.7 558 22.6 796 22.1
Total 752 100.0 377 100.0 2,472 100.0 3,601 100.0
Number of contacts within 5 years of homicide dateTable 4 Note 2  
None 48 6.4 17 4.5 145 5.9 210 5.8
1 visit 171 22.7 64 17.0 469 19.0 704 19.6
2 to 4 visits 263 35.0 138 36.6 858 34.7 1,259 35.0
5 or more visits 270 35.9 158 41.9 1,000 40.5 1,428 39.7
Total 752 100.0 377 100.0 2,472 100.0 3,601 100.0
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