Table 11
Select geography indicators among Indigenous adults released from provincial custody during the two years following release, by type of reconviction pattern group, 2016/2017

Urban areas include Census Metropolitan Areas (CMA) and Census Agglomerations (CA), which are formed by one or more adjacent municipalities centered around a population center, also known as the "core." A CMA must have a total population of at least 100,000, with 50,000 or more residing in the core. A CA, on the other hand, must have a core population of at least 10,000. To be classified as part of a CMA or CA, adjacent municipalities must demonstrate a high level of integration with the core, as measured by commuting flows derived from census data. Rural areas are defined as those located outside of a CMA or CA. It should be noted that Statistics Canada’s definitions may differ from concepts used by Indigenous communities to describe their locations.

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Based on Statistics Canada’s Variant of Standard Geographical Classification (SGC) 2021 for North and South. South includes Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, as well as the southern regions of British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and Newfoundland and Labrador. North comprises the territories and the northern regions of British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and Newfoundland and Labrador. It should be noted that Statistics Canada’s definitions may differ from concepts used by Indigenous communities to describe their locations.

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Indigenous communities were identified using the 2021 Census subdivisions (CSDs) boundaries, which were categorized into ‘on reserve’, ‘inside Inuit Nunangat’, and ‘other’ categories. The category ‘on reserve’ includes eight CSD types legally affiliated with First Nations or Indian bands, i.e., Indian reserve (IRI), Indian settlement (S‑É) (except for the two Indian settlements of Champagne Landing 10 and Kloo Lake, located in Yukon), Indian government district (IGD), Terres réservées aux Cris (TC), Terres réservées aux Naskapis (TK), Nisga'a land (NL), Tsawwassen Lands (TWL) and Tla'amin Lands (TAL). The category ‘inside Inuit Nunangat’ includes CSDs located in the four Inuit regions: Nunatsiavut (Northern coastal Labrador), Nunavik (Northern Quebec), the territory of Nunavut and the Inuvialuit region of the Northwest Territories. These regions collectively encompass the area traditionally occupied by Inuit in Canada. The category ‘other’ includes all CSDs in Canada not defined as 'on reserve’ or ‘inside Inuit Nunangat’. For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021. Additionally, the 2021 CSD boundaries were flagged according to the percentage of the population that identified as Indigenous in the 2016 Census of Population. An Indigenous community flag is assigned to on-reserve CSDs if greater than 50% of the population identified as Indigenous or to off-reserve CSDs if greater than 70% of the population identified as Indigenous. It is important to note that this term does not necessarily represent all Indigenous communities in Canada.

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