Table 10
Select health indicators during the five years after release among Indigenous adults released from provincial custody, by type of reconviction pattern group, 2016/2017

Table 10 Select health indicators during the five years after release among Indigenous adults released from provincial custody, by type of reconviction pattern group, 2016/2017
Table summary
The information is grouped by Health indicator (appearing as row headers), Low reconviction group, Primarily violent and administration of justice group, Primarily property and administration of justice group, High persistent reconviction group and Total, calculated using number, percent, number, percent, number, percent, number, percent, number and percent units of measure (appearing as column headers).
Health indicator Low reconviction group Primarily violent and administration of justice group Primarily property and administration of justice group High persistent reconviction group Total
number percent number percent number percent number percent number percent
Note 1

Reasons for visits were classified using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision, Canada (ICD 10 CA). Classification was based on the main problem and other problems recorded for the visit, and on the patient’s diagnosis at the time of discharge from the emergency department when the main problem was not reported. Classifications include a small number of unconfirmed diagnoses where firm confirmation was still pending at the time of the coders’ abstraction. A classification code was unavailable for 7% of ED visits in the five years after custody release. Missing classification codes were more common among individuals released from custody in Nova Scotia (83%) and British Columbia (31%). In contrast, the proportion of visits missing a classification code was much smaller (<2%) among those who served custody in Ontario, Saskatchewan and Alberta.

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Note 2

Mental health‑related emergency department visits have an International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision, Canada code in the range F01–F99.

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Note 3

Drug overdose‑related emergency department visits have an International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision, Canada code in the range T36-T50.

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Note 4

The National Ambulatory Care Reporting System (NACRS) captures information on homelessness via the postal code field on emergency department registrations, with an “XX” entry signifying that no fixed address was provided. People residing in a shelter are not classified as homeless.

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Note: Indigenous persons include First Nations persons, Métis and Inuit. Information on Indigenous identity is based on data from the Canadian Correctional Services Survey, and is self-reported by persons upon intake to correctional services. Includes individuals released from provincial custody between April 1, 2016 and March 31, 2017 in the provinces of Nova Scotia, Ontario, Saskatchewan, Alberta and British Columbia, whose records were successfully linked to other data sources used in this study. Excludes individuals who were released from provincial custody in 2016/2017 but who died during the subsequent four years. The National Ambulatory Care Reporting System (NACRS) captures information on emergency department (ED) registrations. For the period under study, submission of ED data to NACRS was mandated in Ontario and Alberta, and only partially mandated or not mandated in the other provinces and territories. Therefore, ED visit information may not be complete for all provinces and territories. Specifically, data may be biased toward the context in Ontario and Alberta as they account for the largest proportion of the study cohort (57%) and are the only provinces with mandatory ED reporting (including reporting of diagnoses). These provinces recorded the highest frequency of ED visits.
Source: Canadian Correctional Services Survey, Integrated Criminal Court Survey, Canadian Vital Statistics Database - Deaths, and National Ambulatory Care Reporting System (linked file), Statistics Canada.
Frequency of emergency department visits  
0 visits 538 24 310 22 348 21 489 22 1,685 22
1 visit 233 10 86 6 106 6 105 5 530 7
2 to 4 visits 506 22 271 20 262 16 279 13 1,318 18
5 or more visits 996 44 716 52 926 56 1,328 60 3,966 53
Frequency of emergency department visits (mental health) Table 10 Note 1  Table 10 Note 2  
0 visits 1,453 64 722 52 868 53 1,033 47 4,076 54
1 visit 288 13 177 13 264 16 264 12 993 13
2 to 4 visits 304 13 253 18 263 16 372 17 1,192 16
5 or more visits 228 10 231 17 247 15 532 24 1,238 17
Frequency of emergency department visits (drug overdose) Table 10 Note 1  Table 10 Note 3  
0 visits 1,993 88 1,127 81 1,225 75 1,508 69 5,853 78
1 visit 179 8 148 11 228 14 312 14 867 12
2 or more visits 101 4 108 8 189 12 381 17 779 10
Homeless at the time of emergency department visit Table 10 Note 4  
Yes 112 5 130 9 188 11 318 14 748 10
No 2,161 95 1,253 91 1,454 89 1,883 86 6,751 90
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