Table 9
Characteristics of persons accused of hate crimes, by detailed motivation, Canada, 2011 to 2020


Table 9
Characteristics of persons accused of hate crimes, by detailed motivation, Canada, 2011 to 2020
Table summary
This table displays the results of Characteristics of persons accused of hate crimes. The information is grouped by Detailed motivation (appearing as row headers), Accused, Gender, Age, Male and Female, calculated using number, percent and median units of measure (appearing as column headers).
Detailed motivation Accused GenderTable 9 Note 1 AgeTable 9 Note 2
Male Female
number percent median
Race or ethnicity     2,896 84 16 31.0
Black     1,136 84 16 28.0
East or Southeast Asian     279 85 15 35.5
South Asian     299 86 14 32.0
Arab or West Asian     416 82 18 37.5
Indigenous     174 88 12 32.0
White     154 75 25 26.0
Other or not specifiedTable 9 Note 3     438 87 13 28.0
Religion     1,058 89 11 35.0
Jewish     411 94 6 29.0
Muslim     387 86 14 44.0
Catholic     77 92 8 28.0
Other or not specifiedTable 9 Note 4     183 86 14 30.0
Sexual orientation     882 89 11 23.0
TotalTable 9 Note 5 5,410 86 14 30.0
Note 1

Excludes accused where gender is unknown. Given that small counts of victims and accused persons identified as “gender diverse” may exist, the aggregate Uniform Crime Reporting Survey (UCR) data available to the public has been recoded to assign these counts to either “male” or “female”, in order to ensure the protection of confidentiality and privacy. Victims and accused persons identified as gender diverse have been assigned to either male or female based on the regional distribution of victims’ or accused persons’ gender.

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Note 2

Excludes accused where age is unknown or over 110.

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Note 3

Includes motivations based upon race or ethnicity not otherwise stated (e.g., Latin American, South American) as well as hate crimes which target more than one race or ethnic group and those where no race or ethnicity was specified.

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Note 4

Includes motivations based upon religions not otherwise stated (e.g., Sikh, Hindu, Buddhist) as well as those where no religion was specified.

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Note 5

Includes motivations based on mental or physical disability, language, sex or gender, age, and other similar factors (e.g., occupation or political beliefs) as well as incidents where the motivation is unknown.

Return to note 5 referrer

Note: Hate crime counts from the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Survey include both confirmed and suspected hate crime incidents. Information in this table reflects data from municipal and provincial police services as well as the Royal Canadian Mounted Police covering up to 99.7% of the Canadian population. For the years 2011 to 2013, the municipal police services of Saint John, Québec, Toronto, and Calgary were excluded from the data. For 2014 and 2015, the municipal police services of Saint John, Québec, and Calgary were excluded. In 2016, the municipal police service of Calgary was excluded. In 2017, the municipal police service of Saint John was excluded. This table includes any counts that occurred within the jurisdiction of police services not reporting to UCR2.2, but that were investigated by other police services that do report, such as the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, the Ontario Provincial Police, or the Sûreté du Québec. Percentages may not add up due to rounding. It should be noted that children under the age of 12 cannot be charged with a criminal offence. From 2011 to 2020, there was information on 5,410 accused individuals associated with 4,526 incidents. In 12% of these incidents, more than one accused was identified. Incidents where the motivation was unknown are included in the counts given in this note.
Source: Statistics Canada, Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics, Incident-based Uniform Crime Reporting Survey.
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