Table 1
Discrimination in the past 5 years, by reason for discrimination and population group or Indigenous identity, Canada, 2019


Table 1
Discrimination in the past 5 years, by reason for discrimination and population group or Indigenous identity, Canada, 2019
Table summary
This table displays the results of Discrimination in the past 5 years. The information is grouped by Reason(s) for discrimination (appearing as row headers), Population group or Indigenous identity, Black, First Nations, Métis, or Inuit, Other group designated as visible minority, Non-Indigenous, non-visible minority, percent and 95% confidence interval, calculated using from and to units of measure (appearing as column headers).
Reason(s) for discrimination Population group or Indigenous identityTable 1 Note 1
Black First Nations, Métis, or Inuit Other group designated as visible minority Non-Indigenous, non-visible minorityTable 1 Note †
percent 95% confidence interval percent 95% confidence interval percent 95% confidence interval percent 95% confidence interval
from to from to from to from to
Experienced discrimination or unfair treatment in the past 5 years
YesTable 1 Note 2 45.8Note * 36.8 55.2 33.5Note * 27.5 40.0 27.1Note * 24.5 29.9 16.5 15.6 17.4
Sex 8.7 4.1 17.4 8.0 5.4 11.6 5.6 4.3 7.2 6.1 5.5 6.7
Ethnicity or culture 27.0Note * 18.4 37.9 14.8Note * 11.3 19.3 17.3Note * 15.1 19.7 2.3 2.0 2.8
Race or skin colour 40.9Note * 31.9 50.5 13.8Note * 10.4 18.2 19.0Note * 16.8 21.6 2.8 2.4 3.2
Physical appearance 8.5 5.3 13.3 14.3Note * 9.8 20.5 6.4 5.1 8.0 5.1 4.5 5.7
Religion 8.5Note * 4.1 16.7 5.1Note * 2.9 8.9 5.0Note * 3.8 6.7 2.1 1.7 2.5
Sexual orientation Note F: too unreliable to be published Note F: too unreliable to be published Note F: too unreliable to be published 2.1 0.8 5.7 0.6Note * 0.3 1.1 1.1 0.8 1.4
Gender identity or expression 1.6 0.7 3.5 2.6 1.3 5.0 1.0 0.5 1.8 1.2 0.9 1.6
Age 4.6 2.3 8.9 4.8 2.9 7.7 4.9 3.7 6.5 4.8 4.2 5.4
Physical or mental disability Note F: too unreliable to be published Note F: too unreliable to be published Note F: too unreliable to be published 7.1Note * 4.0 12.3 0.5Note * 0.3 0.9 1.7 1.4 2.0
Language 9.3Note * 4.4 18.7 2.5 1.5 4.2 8.6Note * 7.2 10.3 2.1 1.8 2.5
Any other reason Note F: too unreliable to be published Note F: too unreliable to be published Note F: too unreliable to be published 0.8 0.3 1.9 0.8 0.5 1.5 0.6 0.4 0.8
No 53.6Note * 44.3 62.5 66.5Note * 59.9 72.5 72.9Note * 70.1 75.4 83.4 82.4 84.3
Reasons for discriminationTable 1 Note 3
Identified a single reason 29.6Note E: Use with cautionNote * 19.7 41.9 40.5Note * 28.7 53.5 27.9Note * 23.1 33.3 54.9 51.6 58.2
Identified multiple reasons 70.4Note E: Use with cautionNote * 58.1 80.3 59.5Note * 46.5 71.3 72.1Note * 66.7 76.9 45.1 41.8 48.4
Situation in which discrimination was experiencedTable 1 Note 3
In a store, bank, or restaurant 51.4Note E: Use with cautionNote * 36.2 66.3 41.7Note * 30.8 53.5 45.2Note * 39.7 50.9 28.2 25.4 31.2
When attending school or classes 29.4Note E: Use with caution 16.4 47.0 26.9 15.9 41.7 20.9 16.6 26.0 16.9 14.1 20.0
At work or when applying for a job or promotion 46.1Note E: Use with caution 31.1 61.9 39.0 28.0 51.3 44.1 38.6 49.7 45.0 41.7 48.3
When dealing with the police 16.1Note E: Use with cautionNote * 8.5 28.4 20.6Note * 12.9 31.2 6.4 4.1 9.7 3.9 3.0 5.2
When dealing with the courts Note F: too unreliable to be published Note F: too unreliable to be published Note F: too unreliable to be published 3.9 2.0 7.6 2.3 1.2 4.4 1.7 1.1 2.6
When crossing the border into Canada Note F: too unreliable to be published Note F: too unreliable to be published Note F: too unreliable to be published 4.6 2.2 9.5 12.2Note * 8.8 16.8 2.0 1.4 3.0
Any other situation 11.4Note E: Use with cautionNote * 6.3 19.9 21.5 13.9 31.7 16.4 12.5 21.3 18.9 16.9 21.2
E use with caution
F too unreliable to be published
Note *

significantly different from reference category (p < 0.05)

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Note †

reference category

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Note 1

Information on Indigenous identity and belonging to a population group designated as visible minority is captured in two separate questions. Having separate questions and variables encourages data users to take into account the differences between these groups, including in terms of their history, background, geographic distribution, and current conditions and situations. These distinctions should be considered when collecting data and planning, monitoring, and evaluating programs and services. For the purposes of this report, in order to have a consistent reference category across all sections, the questions on Indigenous identity and population group have been partially combined in order to create the category of “Non-Indigenous, non-visible minority”. This category includes respondents who indicated they were not Indigenous people and provided responses to the question on population group which indicated that they are not a visible minority according to the Employment Equity Act, which is the basis for the current question on population group used in the General Social Survey.

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Note 2

As respondents could mention as many reasons for discrimination as applicable, "Yes" category does not equal the sum of all of the reasons.

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Note 3

Based on those who experienced discrimination in the past 5 years. Situations do not sum to 100% as respondents could indicate as many as applicable.

Return to note 3 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, General Social Survey on Canadians' Safety (Victimization), 2019.
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