Safe Cities profile series: Key indicators by census metropolitan area
Québec, Quebec

Release date: May 15, 2020
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Satisfaction with safety

City of Québec 91%, Quebec 88%*, Canada 88%

proportion of people who reported being satisfied with their personal safety from crime in 2014

* significantly different from Québec (p < 0.05)

Police-reported violent crime rate in 2018

City of Québec 993, Quebec 1,078, Canada 1,143

rate per 100,000 population

Ten-year change in police-reported crime rate (2008 to 2018)

City of Québec -28%, Quebec -35%, Canada -17%

Population and demographics

Map showing the location of Québec, Quebec

Québec, Quebec

The city of Québec was home to 817,408 people in 2018, and it had a population density of 240 residents per square kilometre. One in four (26%) residents were aged 24 and younger, on par with the distribution in Quebec (27%) and across Canada (28%).

About 1.5% of residents in the city of Québec were part of the Indigenous population (First Nations, Métis and Inuit) in 2016, lower than Quebec (2.3%) but far lower than Canada (4.9%). Immigrants represented about 1 in 20 (5.7%) residents, which was less than half the proportion in Quebec (13.7%) and far lower than Canada (21.9%). Three in ten (30%) immigrants in the city of Québec were recent immigrants (since 2011), higher than Quebec (20%) and Canada (16%). There was a notably smaller proportion of people who identified as a visible minority in the city of Québec (4.9%) than Quebec (13.0%) and Canada overall (22.3%).

Education, employment and income

In 2016, three in four (76.3%) residents in the city of Québec aged 25 to 64 had completed some form of postsecondary education, about one in six (16.1%) had completed high school (or equivalent) as their highest level of education, and less than one in ten (7.6%) had completed neither.

In 2018, the unemployment rate in the city of Québec (3.8%) was lower than in Quebec (5.5%) and Canada’s provinces (5.8%). Households in the city of Québec earned a median after-tax annual income of $51,840 in 2017, higher than in Quebec ($46,980) but similar to Canada ($52,090). The percentage of families considered low-income was lower in the city of Québec (11%) than in Quebec (16%) and Canada (17%).

Housing and families

On average, there were 2.2 persons per household in the city of Québec in 2016, similar to Quebec (2.3) and Canada (2.4). The majority (60%) of households in the city of Québec owned their homes, on par with Quebec (61%) but lower than Canada (68%). When a household spends 30% or more of its income on shelter costs, it is considered to live in unaffordable housing: this was the case for about one in five (18%) households in the city of Québec, lower than in Quebec (21%) and notably lower than Canada (24%). A small proportion (4.9%) of occupied private dwellings in the city of Québec were in need of major repairs, slightly lower than Quebec (6.4%) and Canada (6.5%). About one in seven (15%) families in the city of Québec were lone-parent families, close to Quebec (17%) and Canada (16%). In 2018, there were an estimated 1,091 individuals staying in emergency accommodations across the province of Quebec.

Community safety and sense of belonging

Self-reported experiences of victimization

Police-reported crime

  • In 2018, police in the city of Québec reported an overall crime rate of 3,075 incidents per 100,000 population, 7% lower than in Quebec (3,304) and 44% lower than in Canada (5,488).
  • Over the past decade (2008 to 2018), police-reported crime declined by 28% in the city of Québec, while a larger decline was seen in Quebec (-35%) and a smaller decline was seen in Canada (-17%).
  • The severity of crime in the city of Québec declined by 7% between 2017 and 2018, mostly due to a decrease in breaking and entering, attempted murder and homicide. Over the past decade (2008 to 2018), the severity of crime in the city of Québec declined by 29%, compared with a 32% decline in Quebec and a 17% decline in Canada.

Property crime

Violent crime

  • In 2018, there were 993 incidents of violent crime per 100,000 population reported by police in the city of Québec, 8% lower than Quebec (1,078) and 13% lower than Canada overall (1,143).
    • Just over half of victims of violent crime were female in the city of Québec (52%), Quebec (53%) and Canada (53%).
  • Between 2008 and 2018:
    • The violent crime rate in the city of Québec increased by 13%, while there was virtually no change seen in Quebec (a decrease of less than 1%) and a decline in Canada (-14%).
    • The severity of violent crime in the city of Québec increased by 1%, while a decline was noted in Quebec (-13%) and Canada (-13%).
  • Violent crime against girls and women in the city of Québec increased to a larger extent in than violent crime against boys and men between 2009 and 2018 (+15% versus +6%).

Intimate partner violence

Homicide

Charts and tables

Chart 1 start

Chart 1 Police-reported violent and non-violent Crime Severity Indexes, census metropolitan area of Québec, Quebec and Canada, 1998 to 2018

Data table for Chart 1 
Data table for Chart 1
Table summary
This table displays the results of Data table for Chart 1. The information is grouped by Year (appearing as row headers), Violent Crime Severity Index, Non-violent Crime Severity Index, City of Québec, Quebec and Canada, calculated using index units of measure (appearing as column headers).
Year Violent Crime Severity Index Non-violent Crime Severity Index
City of Québec Quebec Canada City of Québec Quebec Canada
index
1998 65 90 98 101 121 127
1999 64 96 99 87 108 116
2000 63 94 98 93 105 110
2001 63 89 97 80 99 108
2002 57 89 96 80 95 107
2003 55 89 98 80 94 110
2004 54 88 96 76 91 107
2005 59 89 99 76 90 102
2006 67 91 100 75 91 100
2007 53 84 98 71 85 94
2008 54 82 95 67 83 89
2009 50 80 94 64 82 85
2010 50 76 89 57 76 81
2011 49 78 86 54 71 75
2012 52 75 82 51 69 73
2013 48 68 74 46 60 67
2014 47 64 71 44 55 65
2015 44 66 75 41 53 68
2016 52 68 77 43 52 70
2017 64 73 81 42 52 71
2018 55 72 82 41 51 72

Chart 1 end

Chart 2 start

Chart 2 Police-reported violent crime, by sex of victim, census metropolitan area of Québec, Quebec and Canada, 2009 to 2018

Data table for Chart 2 
Data table for Chart 2
Table summary
This table displays the results of Data table for Chart 2. The information is grouped by Year (appearing as row headers), Female victims, Male victims, City of Québec, Quebec and Canada, calculated using rate per 100,000 population units of measure (appearing as column headers).
Year Female victims Male victims
City of Québec Quebec Canada City of Québec Quebec Canada
rate per 100,000 population
2009 855 992 1,206 887 1,093 1,202
2010 872 995 1,209 898 1,032 1,162
2011 770 977 1,124 833 1,003 1,087
2012 854 980 1,079 915 995 1,048
2013 862 937 1,004 928 935 947
2014 831 899 952 882 908 898
2015 842 914 970 900 907 914
2016 905 935 978 908 913 910
2017 925 996 1,019 962 920 926
2018 985 1,011 1,048 942 912 936

Chart 2 end

Chart 3 start

Chart 3 Police-reported property crime, census metropolitan area of Québec, Quebec and Canada, 2009 to 2018

Data table for Chart 3 
Data table for Chart 3
Table summary
This table displays the results of Data table for Chart 3. The information is grouped by Year (appearing as row headers), City of Québec, Quebec and Canada, calculated using rate per 100,000 population units of measure (appearing as column headers).
Year City of Québec Quebec Canada
rate per 100,000 population
2009 2,951 3,378 4,122
2010 2,700 3,110 3,838
2011 2,475 2,852 3,536
2012 2,230 2,718 3,438
2013 2,002 2,352 3,154
2014 1,785 2,115 3,100
2015 1,769 2,025 3,231
2016 1,683 1,898 3,239
2017 1,687 1,866 3,266
2018 1,639 1,774 3,339

Chart 3 end

Table 1 start


Table 1
Police-reported crime rate for selected offences, census metropolitan area of Québec, Quebec and Canada, 2018
Table summary
This table displays the results of Police-reported crime rate for selected offences. The information is grouped by Type of offence (appearing as row headers), City of Québec, Quebec, Canada, Percent difference between the city of Québec and Quebec and Percent difference between the city of Québec and Canada, calculated using rate units of measure (appearing as column headers).
Type of offence City of Québec Quebec Canada Percent difference between the city of Québec and Quebec Percent difference between the city of Québec and Canada
rate
Total crime (excluding traffic) 3,075 3,304 5,488 -7 -44
Total violent crime 993 1,078 1,143 -8 -13
Violations causing death and attempted murder 2 4 4 -34 -42
Sexual assault and sexual violations against childrenTable 1 Note 1 82 103 101 -20 -19
AssaultsTable 1 Note 2 542 578 649 -6 -16
Other violent offences 367 393 389 -7 -6
Total property crime 1,639 1,774 3,339 -8 -51
Breaking and entering 249 311 431 -20 -42
TheftTable 1 Note 3 754 857 1,720 -12 -56
Fraud 301 273 402 10 -25
MischiefTable 1 Note 4 308 291 699 6 -56
Other property crime offences 28 42 86 -33 -68
Total other Criminal Code offences 442 453 1,006 -2 -56
Total Criminal Code traffic offences 371 466 339 -20 10
Total alcohol-impaired drivingTable 1 Note 5 149 153 178 -3 -16
Total drug-impaired drivingTable 1 Note 6 16 13 12 31 38
Alcohol and drug-impaired drivingTable 1 Note 7 0.2 0.9 0.7 -72 -63
Impaired driving (not specified)Table 1 Note 7 0.1 0.1 0.3 48 -51
Other Criminal Code traffic offences 206 300 148 -31 39
Total drug offences 215 275 225 -22 -4
Total other federal statute offences 3 124 70 -98 -96
Total all offences 3,664 4,169 6,123 -12 -40

Table 1 end

Table 2 start


Table 2
Police-reported violent crime rate for selected offences, by sex of victim, census metropolitan area of Québec, Quebec and Canada, 2018
Table summary
This table displays the results of Police-reported violent crime rate for selected offences. The information is grouped by Type of offence (appearing as row headers), City of Québec, Quebec, Canada, Female victims and Male victims, calculated using rate units of measure (appearing as column headers).
Type of offence City of Québec Quebec Canada
Female victims Male victims Female victims Male victims Female victims Male victims
rate
Total violent crime 985 942 1,011 912 1,048 936
Violations causing death and attempted murder 2 3 2 5 2 6
Homicide 0.2 0.5 0.4 2 0.9 3
Other violations causing deathTable 2 Note 1 0 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3
Attempted murder 2 2 0.9 4 1 3
Sexual offences 140 18 167 24 170 23
Sexual assault 102 11 116 13 134 16
Sexual assault – level 3 – aggravated 0.7 0 0.7 0.2 0.7 0.1
Sexual assault – level 2 – weapon or bodily harm 1 0.2 2 0.2 2 0.4
Sexual assault – level 1 101 11 114 13 131 16
Sexual violations against childrenTable 2 Note 2 37 7 51 11 36 7
Assaults 478 607 497 557 613 644
Physical assault 456 544 481 505 599 590
Assault – level 3 – aggravated 1 4 2 3 6 13
Assault – level 2 – weapon or bodily harm 63 104 87 142 111 173
Assault – level 1 392 436 391 359 483 404
Assault against a peace officer 16 56 13 48 10 48
Other assaults 7 8 3 4 4 7
Other violent offences 365 314 345 325 263 262
Firearms – use of, discharge, pointing 0.5 2 1 4 2 6
Robbery 12 21 25 49 31 75
Forcible confinement or kidnapping 13 3 17 3 15 3
Trafficking in personsTable 2 Note 3 1 0 0.9 0 1 0sNote: value rounded to 0 (zero) where there is a meaningful distinction between true zero and the value that was rounded. A “0” represents a true zero value.
Extortion 18 20 12 17 6 9
Criminal harassment 113 39 93 32 53 17
Uttering threats 158 204 155 192 114 134
Indecent or harassing communications 13 4 8 3 22 9
Non-consensual distribution of intimate images 7 1 8 0.9 7 1
Commodification of sexual activityTable 2 Note 4 10 0.5 4 0.1 1 0.1
Other violent offences 18 19 22 25 10 8
Total traffic offences 83 106 57 74 16 21
Traffic violations causing death 0 0.5 0.3 0.8 0.4 0.9
Traffic violations causing bodily harm 17 21 16 19 6 7
Traffic violations – injury unspecified or unknownTable 2 Note 5 66 85 41 54 9 12

Table 2 end

Table 3 start


Table 3
Police-reported crime for selected offences, census metropolitan area of Québec, Quebec and Canada, 2018
Table summary
This table displays the results of Police-reported crime for selected offences. The information is grouped by Type of offence (appearing as row headers), City of Québec, Quebec and Canada, calculated using number and rate units of measure (appearing as column headers).
Type of offence City of Québec Quebec Canada
number rate number rate number rate
Total non-violent crime 21,605 2,671 259,406 3,092 1,845,269 4,979
Total property crime 13,261 1,639 148,817 1,774 1,237,324 3,339
Breaking and entering 2,018 249 26,110 311 159,812 431
Possess stolen propertyTable 3 Note 1 83 10 1,550 18 23,898 64
Theft of motor vehicle 551 68 12,455 148 86,132 232
Theft over $5,000 (non-motor vehicle) 205 25 3,553 42 20,113 54
Theft of $5,000 or under (non-motor vehicle) 5,340 660 55,911 666 531,312 1,434
Fraud 2,093 259 16,924 202 129,409 349
Identity theft 176 22 1,834 22 3,745 10
Identity fraud 163 20 4,143 49 15,839 43
MischiefTable 3 Note 2 2,490 308 24,394 291 259,064 699
Arson 142 18 1,943 23 8,000 22
Total other offences 3,576 442 38,016 453 372,834 1,006
Weapons violations 136 17 1,879 22 16,610 45
Child pornographyTable 3 Note 3 110 14 1,073 13 5,843 16
ProstitutionTable 3 Note 4 0 0 11 0.1 110 0.3
Terrorism 0 0 17 0.2 102 0.3
Disturb the peace 18 2 549 7 94,378 255
Administration of justice offences 3,034 375 30,570 364 226,864 612
Other offences 278 34 3,917 47 28,927 78
Total Criminal Code traffic offences 3,005 371 39,074 466 125,544 339
Total alcohol-impaired drivingTable 3 Note 5 1,203 149 12,805 153 65,820 178
Total drug-impaired drivingTable 3 Note 6 133 16 1,050 13 4,429 12
Alcohol and drug-impaired drivingTable 3 Note 7 2 0.2 74 0.9 250 0.7
Impaired driving (not specified)Table 3 Note 7 1 0.1 7 0.1 94 0.3
Other Criminal Code traffic offences 1,666 206 25,138 300 54,951 148
Total drug offences 1,742 215 23,068 275 83,483 225
Total other federal statute offences 21 3 10,431 124 26,084 70
Human traffickingTable 3 Note 8 1 0.1 3 0sNote: value rounded to 0 (zero) where there is a meaningful distinction between true zero and the value that was rounded. A “0” represents a true zero value. 112 0.3
Youth Criminal Justice Act 4 0.5 768 9 4,823 13
Other federal statute offences 16 2 9,660 115 21,149 57

Table 3 end

Table 4 start


Table 4
Police-reported crime rate, census metropolitan area of Québec, 2008 to 2018
Table summary
This table displays the results of Police-reported crime rate. The information is grouped by Year (appearing as row headers), Violent crime, Property crime and Total crime, calculated using number, rate and percent change in rate from previous year units of measure (appearing as column headers).
Year Violent crime Property crime Total crime
number rate percent change in rate from previous year number rate percent change in rate from previous year number rate percent change in rate from previous year
2008 6,514 878 -5 23,658 3,188 -2 31,825 4,289 -2
2009 6,751 898 2 22,184 2,951 -7 30,572 4,067 -5
2010 6,859 901 0.3 20,562 2,700 -9 29,156 3,829 -6
2011 6,366 826 -8 19,083 2,475 -8 27,332 3,545 -7
2012 7,049 908 10 17,302 2,230 -10 26,907 3,468 -2
2013 7,124 912 0.4 15,637 2,002 -10 25,554 3,271 -6
2014 6,874 875 -4 14,026 1,785 -11 23,431 2,981 -9
2015 7,030 889 2 13,988 1,769 -0.8 23,540 2,978 -0.1
2016 7,411 930 5 13,405 1,683 -5 23,948 3,007 1
2017 7,828 976 5 13,531 1,687 0.2 25,500 3,179 6
2018 8,035 993 2 13,261 1,639 -3 24,872 3,075 -3
Percent change from 2008 to 2018 23 13 Note ...: not applicable -44 -49 Note ...: not applicable -22 -28 Note ...: not applicable

Table 4 end

E use with caution

Note: This fact sheet contains data that come from multiple sources across multiple reference years. Some figures may be presented differently than in other Statistics Canada publications due to rounding. For detailed information on data definitions and sources, please refer to the Safe Cities profile series: Definitions and data sources document.

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