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Table 1
Gentrification measures in the GENtrification, Urban INterventions and Equity (GENUINE) tool for Canadian census metropolitan areas

Table 1
Gentrification measures in the GENtrification, Urban INterventions and Equity (GENUINE) tool for Canadian census metropolitan areas
Table summary
This table displays the results of Gentrification measures in the GENtrification Freeman, Ding, Grube-Cavers and Steinmetz-Wood (appearing as column headers).
	Original measure	GENUINE adaptations	Original measure	GENUINE adaptations	Original measure	GENUINE adaptations	Original measure	GENUINE adaptations
	Freeman		Ding		Grube-Cavers		Steinmetz-Wood
Gentrifiable (2006)
Spatial areas	Census tracts in central cities in the United States	Census tracts in all Canadian census metropolitan areas (CMAs)	Census tracts with 50+ people and housing units in the United States	Census tracts in all Canadian CMAs	Census tracts in Vancouver, Toronto, Montréal	Census tracts in all Canadian CMAs	Census tracts in Montréal	Census tracts in all Canadian CMAs
Gentrification eligibility criteria	1. Median income below 40th percentile of the metropolitan area	1. Median household income < median for the CMA	Median income below the median for the city	Median household income < median for the CMA	1. Average family income < CMA average	No adaptation	1. Z-score median household income < 0	No adaptation
	2. Proportion of housing built ≤ 20 years was below 40th percentile of the metropolitan area	2. Proportion of housing built since 1990 < median for the CMA	Note .: not available for any reference period	Note .: not available for any reference period	2. Number of college degree holders per capita < CMA average	No adaptation	2. Z-score university degree holders < 0	No adaptation
	Note .: not available for any reference period	Note .: not available for any reference period	Note .: not available for any reference period	Note .: not available for any reference period	Note .: not available for any reference period	Note .: not available for any reference period	3. Z-score average renting costs < 0	No adaptation
	Note .: not available for any reference period	Note .: not available for any reference period	Note .: not available for any reference period	Note .: not available for any reference period	Note .: not available for any reference period	Note .: not available for any reference period	4. Z-score low-income households < 0	No adaptation
Gentrified (2016)
Income	Note .: not available for any reference period	Note .: not available for any reference period	Note .: not available for any reference period	Note .: not available for any reference period	Increase in family income > CMA average	No adaptation	Z-score difference (from 2006 to 2016) in median household income > 0	No adaptation
Education attainment	Increase in college graduates is greater than that for the metropolitan area	Increase in university degrees > median for the CMA	Increase in college-educated residents above the median for the city	Increase in university degree holders > median for the CMA	Increase in proportion of degrees per capita > CMA average	Increase in proportion of university degree holders > CMA average	Z-score difference in university degree holders > 0	No adaptation
Housing	Increase in real housing prices	Increase in housing value > median for the CMA	Increase in gross rent or median home value above median for the city	Increase in housing value > median for the CMA or increase in renting costs > median for the CMA	1. Increase in average monthly rent > CMA average	No adaptation	Z-score difference in average renting costs > 0	No adaptation
Housing	Note .: not available for any reference period	Note .: not available for any reference period	Note .: not available for any reference period	2. Increase in proportion of owner-occupied dwellings > CMA average	No adaptation	Note .: not available for any reference period	Note .: not available for any reference period
Age	Note ...: not applicable	Note ...: not applicable	Note ...: not applicable	Note ...: not applicable	Note ...: not applicable	Note ...: not applicable	Z-score for proportion of adults aged 30 to 44 > 0	No adaptation
Occupation	Note ...: not applicable	Note ...: not applicable	Note ...: not applicable	Note ...: not applicable	Increase in proportion of people professional occupations > CMA average	No adaptation	Note ...: not applicable	Note ...: not applicable
Poverty	Note ...: not applicable	Note ...: not applicable	Note ...: not applicable	Note ...: not applicable	Note ...: not applicable	Note ...: not applicable	Z-score difference in proportion of low-income households < 0	No adaptation
. not available for any reference period ... not applicable Note: CMA = Census metropolitan area. Source: GENtrification, Urban INterventions and Equity (GENUINE) tool.

Date modified:: 2021-05-19