Table 2
Cohort characteristics, opioid-naïve mothers who underwent surgery in Ontario, Canada, July 2013 to March 2017


Table 2
Cohort characteristics, opioid-naïve mothers who underwent surgery in Ontario, Canada, July 2013 to March 2017
Table summary
This table displays the results of Cohort characteristics. The information is grouped by Characteristic (appearing as row headers), Total/overall
(n=170,156), Filled postoperative opioid prescription
(n=100,521), Did not fill postoperative opioid prescription
(n=69,635) and P-value, calculated using mean , standard deviation, p-value, number , percent, mean/median and standard deviation/IQR units of measure (appearing as column headers).
Characteristic Total/overall
(n=170,156)		 Filled postoperative opioid prescription
(n=100,521)		 Did not fill postoperative opioid prescription
(n=69,635)		 P-valueTable 2 Note ‡
mean standard deviation mean standard deviation mean standard deviation p-valueTable 2 Note ‡
Age, mother 40.3 8.8 40.9 8.7 39.3 8.9 <0.001
number percent number percent number percent p-valueTable 2 Note ‡
Number of linked children
1 86,269 50.7 48,143 47.9 38,126 54.8 <0.001
2 61,378 36.1 38,276 38.1 23,102 33.2 N/A
3 or more 22,509 13.2 14,102 14.0 8,407 12.1 N/A
Residence
Rural 22,113 13.0 12,738 12.7 9,375 13.5 <0.001
Non-rural 148,043 87.0 87,783 87.3 60,260 86.5 N/A
Neighbourhood income quintile
First (lowest) 29,300 17.2 16,322 16.2 12,978 18.6 <0.001
Second 31,024 18.2 17,836 17.7 13,188 18.9 N/A
Third 34,665 20.4 20,516 20.4 14,149 20.3 N/A
Fourth 39,289 23.1 23,742 23.6 15,547 22.3 N/A
Fifth (highest) 35,063 20.6 21,719 21.6 13,344 19.2 N/A
Missing 815 0.5 386 0.4 429 0.6 N/A
Surgery
Outpatient 89,409 52.5 56,601 56.3 32,808 47.1 <0.001
Inpatient 80,747 47.5 43,920 43.7 36,827 52.9 N/A
Charlson comorbidity index
0 157,284 92.4 91,357 90.9 65,927 94.7 <0.001
1 4,100 2.4 2,603 2.6 1,497 2.1 N/A
2+ 8,772 5.2 6,561 6.5 2,211 3.2 N/A
Intervention
Nervous system 3,367 2.0 2,474 2.5 893 1.3 <0.001
Eye and ocular adnexa 3,832 2.3 256 0.3 3,576 5.1 N/A
Ear and mastoid (process) 956 0.6 732 0.7 224 0.3 N/A
Orocraniofacial region 9,767 5.7 7,505 7.5 2,262 3.2 N/A
Respiratory system 538 0.3 352 0.4 186 0.3 N/A
Cardiovascular system 1,565 0.9 1,205 1.2 360 0.5 N/A
Lymphatic system 284 0.2 203 0.2 81 0.1 N/A
Digestive, hepatobiliary and abdominal 21,746 12.8 16,534 16.4 5,212 7.5 N/A
Genitourinary system 47,839 28.1 24,524 24.4 23,315 33.5 N/A
Musculoskeletal system 21,724 12.8 18,237 18.1 3,487 5.0 N/A
Skin, subcutaneous tissue and breast 14,723 8.7 11,432 11.4 3,291 4.7 N/A
Caesarean section delivery 42,241 24.8 16,445 16.4 25,796 37.0 N/A
Other 1,574 0.9 622 0.6 952 1.4 N/A
Year of surgery
2013 (July to December) 25,507 15.0 14,473 14.4 11,034 15.8 <0.001
2014 50,540 29.7 29,431 29.3 21,109 30.3 N/A
2015 44,975 26.4 26,732 26.6 18,243 26.2 N/A
2016 39,792 23.4 24,238 24.1 15,554 22.3 N/A
2017 (January to March) 9,342 5.5 5,647 5.6 3,695 5.3 N/A
Index opioid
Type
Codeine Note ...: not applicable Note ...: not applicable 34,527 34.3 Note ...: not applicable Note ...: not applicable Note ...: not applicable
Hydromorphone Note ...: not applicable Note ...: not applicable 10,759 10.7 Note ...: not applicable Note ...: not applicable Note ...: not applicable
Morphine Note ...: not applicable Note ...: not applicable 5,419 5.4 Note ...: not applicable Note ...: not applicable Note ...: not applicable
Oxycodone Note ...: not applicable Note ...: not applicable 35,457 35.3 Note ...: not applicable Note ...: not applicable Note ...: not applicable
Tramadol Note ...: not applicable Note ...: not applicable 12,379 12.3 Note ...: not applicable Note ...: not applicable Note ...: not applicable
Other Note ...: not applicable Note ...: not applicable 218 0.2 Note ...: not applicable Note ...: not applicable Note ...: not applicable
Multiple Note ...: not applicable Note ...: not applicable 1,762 1.8 Note ...: not applicable Note ...: not applicable Note ...: not applicable
   mean/median standard deviation/IQR mean/median standard deviation/IQR mean/median standard deviation/IQR p-valueTable 2 Note ‡
Days' supply
Mean (SD) Note ...: not applicable Note ...: not applicable 4.3 3.2 Note ...: not applicable Note ...: not applicable Note ...: not applicable
Median (IQR) Note ...: not applicable Note ...: not applicable 3 3-5 Note ...: not applicable Note ...: not applicable Note ...: not applicable
Total MME
Mean (SD) Note ...: not applicable Note ...: not applicable 184.2 129.1 Note ...: not applicable Note ...: not applicable Note ...: not applicable
Median (IQR) Note ...: not applicable Note ...: not applicable 150.0 112.5-225.0 Note ...: not applicable Note ...: not applicable Note ...: not applicable
... not applicable
Note ‡

chi-square (categorical) or t-tests (means)

Return to note ‡ referrer

Notes: IQR stands for interquartile range, MME stands for morphine milligram equivalent, SD stands for standard deviation and N/A stands for not applicable (single p-value is reported from chi-square test of cross-tabulated categorical variables).
Sources: 1. Inpatient admissions (Discharge Abstract Database), 2. Same-day surgical procedures (Same Day Surgery Database), 3. Opioid prescriptions (Narcotics Monitoring System), 4. Emergency department presentations (National Ambulatory Care Reporting System), 5. Deaths (Office of the Registrar General – Deaths) and individual-level demographic information (Registered Persons Database), 6. Mother–baby linked database (ICES-derived MOMBABY database).

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