Table 2
Mean residential fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure, by low-income status, visible minority status and Census Metropolitan Area (CMA), household CMA population, Canada, 2006

Table 2
Mean residential fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure, by low-income status, visible minority status and Census Metropolitan Area (CMA), household CMA population, Canada, 2006
Table summary
This table displays the results of Mean residential fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure. The information is grouped by Census Metropolitan Area (appearing as row headers), PM2.5 (μg/m), Difference (LIN - HIW), Total, Low-income non-white (LIN) and High-income white (HIW) (appearing as column headers).
Census Metropolitan Area PM2.5 (μg/m3) Difference (LIN - HIW)
Total Low-income non-white (LIN) High-income white (HIW)
Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Mean S.D.
St. John's 4.49 3.06 5.04 3.07 4.61 3.02 0.43
Vancouver 7.37 3.14 7.77 2.84 7.34 3.03 0.43
Kingston 6.33 4.40 6.93 3.60 6.71 4.58 0.23
St. Catharines-Niagara 10.40 4.75 10.85 4.57 10.65 4.65 0.20
Montreal 8.94 7.93 9.22 7.79 9.20 8.78 0.02
Kelowna 6.63 4.43 6.81 3.81 6.84 4.66 -0.03
Victoria 6.92 3.32 7.13 2.96 7.15 3.21 -0.03
Moncton 4.76 2.43 4.89 2.35 4.97 2.61 -0.08
Thunder Bay 5.67 2.74 5.74 2.57 5.92 2.49 -0.18
Greater Sudbury 6.24 3.91 6.43 4.22 6.62 4.08 -0.18
Halifax 4.74 2.90 4.65 2.67 4.89 2.85 -0.24
Winnipeg 5.90 2.47 5.83 2.09 6.10 2.28 -0.27
Québec 8.17 4.90 8.35 4.70 8.68 5.12 -0.33
Saguenay 6.07 3.50 5.96Note E: Use with caution 3.18 6.29 3.55 -0.33Note E: Use with caution
London 9.43 4.05 9.55 3.76 9.89 3.67 -0.34
Ottawa-Gatineau 6.84 4.18 6.82 3.86 7.18 4.22 -0.36
Saint John 5.07 2.77 4.87 2.78 5.26 2.92 -0.39
Saskatoon 4.74 5.23 4.64 3.81 5.06 5.57 -0.42
Peterborough 6.00 4.41 6.07 3.90 6.51 4.58 -0.43
Regina 4.63 2.73 4.48 2.62 4.98 2.59 -0.50
Abbotsford-Mission 7.07 3.43 6.99 2.99 7.54 3.52 -0.55
Brantford 8.70 4.05 8.59 3.73 9.15 3.97 -0.56
Windsor 10.39 4.44 10.33 4.03 10.89 4.46 -0.56
Edmonton 7.45 4.04 7.33 3.71 7.89 3.84 -0.56
Toronto 9.08 4.20 8.84 4.03 9.41 4.16 -0.58
Calgary 7.35 3.91 7.20 3.95 7.80 3.34 -0.60
Sherbrooke 7.07 3.30 6.78 2.86 7.39 3.23 -0.61
Hamilton 9.33 4.32 9.20 4.29 9.86 3.90 -0.66
Guelph 7.29 4.07 7.14 3.83 7.83 3.89 -0.69
Barrie 5.47 3.68 5.01 3.26 5.72 3.82 -0.72
Oshawa 8.57 4.32 8.29 4.30 9.01 3.95 -0.72
Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 8.38 3.91 7.91 4.02 8.87 3.56 -0.95
Trois-Rivières 7.09 4.88 6.31Note E: Use with caution 3.29 7.48 5.37 -1.17Note E: Use with caution
E use with caution
S.D. = standard deviation
Sources: 2006 Census of Canada;van Donkelaar A, Martin RV, Spurr RJD, et al. High-resolution satellite-derived PM2.5 from optical estimation and geographically weighted regression over North America. Environmental Science and Technology 2015; 49(17): 10482-91.

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