Table 1
Age- and sex-standardized prevalence of sociodemographic, lifestyle, physical activity and weight-related characteristics, by Street Smart Walk Score® category, urban and suburban population aged 20 or older, Ontario, 1996/1997, 2001, 2003, 2005, 2007 and 2008 combined
Characteristics | Street Smart Walk Score® category (score) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Very car-dependent (less than 25) |
Car-dependent (25 to 49) | Somewhat walkable (50 to 69) | Very walkable (70 to 89) |
"Walker's Paradise"Note † (90 or more) | |
Sample size | 32,197 | 31,384 | 23,586 | 14,800 | 4,370 |
Sociodemographic characteristics | |||||
Age, mean (years) | 46.2 | 46.2 | 46.2 | 46.2 | 46.2 |
Age group (%) | |||||
20 to 44 | 51.6 | 51.6 | 51.6 | 51.6 | 51.6 |
45 to 64 | 31.4 | 31.4 | 31.4 | 31.4 | 31.4 |
65 or older | 17.0 | 17.0 | 17.0 | 17.0 | 17.0 |
Male (%) | 48.8 | 48.8 | 48.8 | 48.8 | 48.8 |
Area-based household income quintile (%) | |||||
1 (lowest) | 5.3Note ** | 13.6Note ** | 23.4Note ** | 36.4 | 34.8 |
2 | 11.2Note ** | 19.2 | 25.4Note ** | 24.2Note ** | 17.4 |
3 | 21.0Note ** | 22.4Note ** | 21.4Note ** | 14.8 | 15.9 |
4 | 27.1Note ** | 23.8Note ** | 17.1Note ** | 12.2 | 12.7 |
5 (highest) | 35.4Note ** | 20.9 | 12.6Note ** | 12.4Note ** | 19.1 |
Household income adequacy (%) | |||||
1 (lowest) | 4.3Note ** | 5.1Note ** | 7.1Note ** | 9.5Note ** | 12.3 |
2 | 12.4Note ** | 14.0Note ** | 16.8 | 19.0 | 17.5 |
3 | 27.5Note * | 28.3Note * | 29.2Note ** | 28.9Note ** | 25.2 |
4 (highest) | 38.3Note ** | 35.9Note ** | 29.1 | 26.5 | 28.3 |
Less than secondary graduation (%) | 14.4 | 15.4 | 17.3Note * | 18.2Note * | 15.0 |
Immigrant (%) | 21.7Note ** | 33.3Note ** | 39.9Note ** | 44.5 | 44.8 |
Race/Ethnicity (%) | |||||
White | 89.7Note ** | 79.2Note ** | 73.8 | 71.6 | 71.5 |
Chinese | 1.6Note ** | 3.8Note ** | 4.8Note ** | 4.3Note ** | 7.1 |
South Asian | 2.1Note ** | 5.7 | 7.0Note * | 6.8 | 5.2 |
Black | 1.1Note ** | 2.8 | 3.6 | 3.9 | 3.6 |
Other | 5.5Note ** | 8.5Note ** | 10.8Note * | 13.4 | 12.6 |
Not married or common-law (%) | 28.0Note ** | 31.6Note ** | 35.2Note ** | 40.8Note ** | 48.7 |
Lifestyle and risk factors | |||||
Current smoker (%) | 21.8Note ** | 22.5Note ** | 24.2 | 25.6 | 25.4 |
Alcohol consumption (%) | |||||
Regular drinker | 65.5Note * | 62.3 | 57.9Note * | 55.7Note ** | 61.8 |
Occasional drinker | 17.6Note ** | 18.8Note ** | 18.2Note * | 19.2Note ** | 14.9 |
Former drinker | 11.4 | 10.9Note * | 12.9 | 13.4 | 13.0 |
Did not drink in past 12 months | 5.4Note ** | 8.0Note * | 11.0 | 11.8 | 10.3 |
Inadequate fruit/vegetable consumption (less than 3 times/day) (%) | 22.3 | 22.7 | 23.9 | 23.6 | 23.3 |
Weak sense of community belonging (%) | 34.6Note ** | 37.8Note ** | 39.3Note * | 40.7 | 41.9 |
Psychosocial stress (%) | 23.4 | 24.3 | 24.4 | 24.2 | 24.4 |
Physical activity and weight-related outcomes | |||||
Walk to work, school, errands (hours/week) (%) | |||||
Less than 1 | 44.9Note ** | 44.9Note ** | 42.2Note ** | 39.7Note ** | 31.1 |
1 to 5 | 30.9Note ** | 32.0Note ** | 34.1Note ** | 35.2Note ** | 41.9 |
More than 5 | 24.2Note * | 23.1Note ** | 23.7Note * | 25.0 | 27.0 |
More than 15 minutes leisure physical activity per day (%) | 36.7 | 33.5 | 32.3Note * | 32.7Note * | 35.2 |
Leisure physical activity (%) | |||||
Inactive | 49.8Note ** | 54.2 | 57.1 | 56.6 | 54.7 |
Moderately active | 25.7 | 24.2 | 23.0 | 23.2 | 24.3 |
Active | 24.5Note * | 21.5 | 20.0 | 20.2 | 21.0 |
Sit most of day (%) | 24.3Note ** | 26.9Note ** | 27.7Note ** | 29.4Note * | 32.5 |
BMI, mean (kg/m2) | 25.9Note ** | 25.7Note ** | 25.5Note ** | 25.4Note ** | 24.8 |
Overweight (including obese) (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) (%) | 52.4Note ** | 50.0Note ** | 48.9Note ** | 46.5Note ** | 42.4 |
Obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) (%) | 16.5Note ** | 15.7Note ** | 14.5Note ** | 14.6Note ** | 10.4 |
Sources: 1996/1997 National Population Health Survey, 2001, 2003, 2005, 2007 and 2008 Canadian Community Health Survey (combined). |
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