Table 3
Age-adjusted and fully adjusted odds ratios relating selected characteristics to poor self-reported health in Wave 3, by sex, recent immigrants who reported good health in Waves 1 and 2, Canada, Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada, 2001 to 2005
Characteristics | Men | Women | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age-adjusted odds ratio | 95% confidence interval | Fully adjusted odds ratio | 95% confidence interval | Age-adjusted odds ratio | 95% confidence interval | Fully adjusted odds ratio | 95% confidence interval | |||||
from | to | from | to | from | to | from | to | |||||
Age (Wave 3) | ||||||||||||
15 to 24† | 1.00 | ... | ... | 1.00 | … | … | 1.00 | ... | ... | 1.00 | … | … |
25 to 44 | 1.78* | 0.78 | 4.09 | 1.54 | 0.61 | 3.90 | 5.60* | 2.16 | 14.53 | 5.46* | 2.01 | 14.81 |
45 or older | 3.07* | 1.34 | 7.04 | 2.41 | 0.97 | 5.99 | 13.06* | 5.05 | 33.78 | 12.09* | 4.49 | 32.55 |
Language proficiency (Wave 1 to Wave 2) | ||||||||||||
Persistently good† | 1.00 | ... | ... | 1.00 | … | … | 1.00 | ... | ... | 1.00 | … | … |
Gaining | 1.38 | 0.83 | 2.30 | 1.21 | 0.68 | 2.17 | 1.10 | 0.68 | 1.76 | 0.94 | 0.57 | 1.55 |
Losing | 1.75 | 0.67 | 4.56 | 1.52 | 0.56 | 4.15 | 1.23 | 0.55 | 2.76 | 1.08 | 0.48 | 2.42 |
Persistently poor | 2.82* | 1.83 | 4.34 | 2.44* | 1.46 | 4.08 | 2.93* | 2.17 | 3.95 | 2.02* | 1.35 | 3.02 |
GDP per capita in country of origin (Wave 1) | ||||||||||||
L1 (lowest) | 1.28 | 0.59 | 2.76 | 0.64 | 0.25 | 1.64 | 1.65 | 0.79 | 3.44 | 0.99 | 0.40 | 2.43 |
L2 | 1.17 | 0.67 | 2.04 | 0.91 | 0.49 | 1.70 | 2.10* | 1.27 | 3.48 | 1.38 | 0.79 | 2.41 |
L3 | 0.85 | 0.43 | 1.67 | 0.79 | 0.38 | 1.62 | 1.34 | 0.74 | 2.43 | 1.20 | 0.66 | 2.19 |
L4 (highest)† | 1.00 | ... | ... | 1.00 | … | … | 1.00 | ... | ... | 1.00 | … | … |
Immigration class (Wave 1) | ||||||||||||
Refugee | 2.30* | 1.42 | 3.74 | 2.36* | 1.13 | 4.91 | 1.96* | 1.27 | 3.03 | 1.66 | 0.91 | 3.02 |
Family | 1.22 | 0.77 | 1.93 | 1.21 | 0.65 | 2.24 | 1.47* | 1.09 | 1.97 | 1.27 | 0.87 | 1.83 |
Skilled workers (including business class)† | 1.00 | ... | ... | 1.00 | … | … | 1.00 | ... | ... | 1.00 | … | … |
Visible minority (Wave 1) | ||||||||||||
Yes | 1.58 | 0.93 | 2.67 | 1.15 | 0.60 | 2.21 | 2.15* | 1.36 | 3.40 | 1.40 | 0.80 | 2.43 |
No† | 1.00 | ... | ... | 1.00 | … | … | 1.00 | ... | ... | 1.00 | … | … |
Education at entry (Wave 1) | ||||||||||||
Less than secondary graduation | 1.76 | 0.85 | 3.65 | 1.01 | 0.40 | 2.55 | 2.28* | 1.28 | 4.08 | 1.18 | 0.55 | 2.53 |
Secondary graduation | 1.73 | 0.86 | 3.45 | 1.22 | 0.51 | 2.88 | 2.49* | 1.37 | 4.52 | 1.76 | 0.88 | 3.52 |
Some postsecondary | 1.16 | 0.58 | 2.33 | 0.96 | 0.45 | 2.04 | 1.61 | 0.92 | 2.81 | 1.36 | 0.74 | 2.50 |
University graduation | 1.49 | 0.84 | 2.65 | 1.34 | 0.73 | 2.45 | 1.42 | 0.82 | 2.43 | 1.37 | 0.77 | 2.43 |
Master's or more† | 1.00 | ... | ... | 1.00 | … | … | 1.00 | ... | ... | 1.00 | … | … |
Family income (Wave 2) | ||||||||||||
No income | 1.64 | 0.97 | 2.78 | 1.43 | 0.76 | 2.69 | 0.97 | 0.63 | 1.49 | 0.83 | 0.52 | 1.33 |
Low income | 1.66* | 1.07 | 2.56 | 1.29 | 0.81 | 2.05 | 1.29 | 0.93 | 1.79 | 1.07 | 0.75 | 1.54 |
High income† | 1.00 | ... | ... | 1.00 | … | … | 1.00 | ... | ... | 1.00 | … | … |
Missing | 1.24 | 0.41 | 3.72 | 1.19 | 0.39 | 3.65 | 0.99 | 0.44 | 2.24 | 0.91 | 0.39 | 2.12 |
Health care access problem (Wave 2) | ||||||||||||
No† | 1.00 | ... | ... | 1.00 | … | … | 1.00 | ... | ... | 1.00 | … | … |
Yes | 1.33 | 0.81 | 2.19 | 1.20 | 0.71 | 2.02 | 1.93* | 1.38 | 2.72 | 2.10* | 1.44 | 3.07 |
Job satisfaction (Wave 2) | ||||||||||||
Not working | 1.49* | 1.11 | 2.01 | 0.91 | 0.58 | 1.42 | 1.49* | 1.11 | 2.01 | 1.24 | 0.89 | 1.72 |
No | 1.54 | 0.87 | 2.74 | 1.36 | 0.75 | 2.45 | 1.54 | 0.87 | 2.74 | 1.24 | 0.67 | 2.29 |
Yes | 1.00 | ... | ... | 1.00 | … | … | 1.00 | ... | ... | 1.00 | … | … |
Social participation (Wave 2) | ||||||||||||
No | 0.94 | 0.63 | 1.41 | 0.88 | 0.57 | 1.37 | 1.40 | 1.00 | 1.96 | 1.16 | 0.81 | 1.67 |
Yes† | 1.00 | ... | ... | 1.00 | … | … | 1.00 | ... | ... | 1.00 | … | … |
Housing satisfaction (Wave 3) | ||||||||||||
No | 1.66* | 1.01 | 2.73 | 1.26 | 0.73 | 2.17 | 1.64* | 1.11 | 2.42 | 1.42 | 0.92 | 2.18 |
Yes† | 1.00 | ... | ... | 1.00 | … | … | 1.00 | ... | ... | 1.00 | … | … |
Social support (Wave 3) | ||||||||||||
No | 1.52 | 0.74 | 3.12 | 1.33 | 0.60 | 2.95 | 2.16* | 1.14 | 4.11 | 1.76 | 0.90 | 3.44 |
Some | 1.00 | 0.62 | 1.61 | 1.00 | 0.60 | 1.66 | 1.58* | 1.05 | 2.36 | 1.50 | 0.99 | 2.29 |
A great deal† | 1.00 | ... | ... | 1.00 | … | … | 1.00 | ... | ... | 1.00 | … | … |
Friendliness of neighbours (Wave 3) | ||||||||||||
No | 1.05 | 0.19 | 5.90 | 1.04 | 0.18 | 6.10 | 1.48 | 0.71 | 3.09 | 1.58 | 0.73 | 3.44 |
Neutral | 1.51* | 1.01 | 2.25 | 1.27 | 0.84 | 2.01 | 1.53* | 1.12 | 2.09 | 1.43* | 1.02 | 2.00 |
Yes† | 1.00 | ... | ... | 1.00 | … | … | 1.00 | ... | ... | 1.00 | … | … |
Perceived discrimination (Wave 3) | ||||||||||||
No† | 1.00 | ... | ... | 1.00 | … | … | 1.00 | ... | ... | 1.00 | … | … |
Rarely | 1.86* | 1.03 | 3.36 | 1.86 | 0.98 | 3.53 | 1.42 | 0.88 | 2.29 | 1.43 | 0.84 | 2.41 |
Often/Always | 2.61* | 1.74 | 3.90 | 2.50* | 1.60 | 3.90 | 1.13 | 0.78 | 1.65 | 1.11 | 0.73 | 1.68 |
Residence (Wave 3) | ||||||||||||
Toronto† | 1.00 | ... | ... | 1.00 | … | … | 1.00 | ... | ... | 1.00 | … | … |
Vancouver | 2.25* | 1.35 | 3.76 | 1.95* | 1.14 | 3.31 | 1.50* | 1.06 | 2.13 | 1.41 | 0.96 | 2.07 |
Montreal | 1.31 | 0.71 | 2.43 | 1.52 | 0.80 | 2.88 | 0.90 | 0.55 | 1.22 | 0.94 | 0.55 | 1.58 |
Calgary/Edmonton | 1.15 | 0.59 | 2.23 | 1.11 | 0.54 | 2.29 | 0.75 | 0.46 | 1.22 | 0.82 | 0.48 | 1.38 |
Others | 1.23 | 0.74 | 2.02 | 1.26 | 0.72 | 2.18 | 0.71 | 0.48 | 1.06 | 0.85 | 0.56 | 1.28 |
† reference category * significantly different from reference category (p<0.05) ... not applicable Source: Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada, Waves 1, 2 and 3. |
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