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Table C
Adjusted proportional hazards ratios relating education and selected characteristics to diagnosis of or death from diabetes between 1996/1997 and 2008/2009, by sex, household population aged 18 or older and free of diabetes in 1994/1995, Canada excluding territories
| Characteristics (1994/1995) | Both sexes | Men | Women | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proportional hazards ratio | 95% confidence interval | Proportional hazards ratio | 95% confidence interval | Proportional hazards ratio | 95% confidence interval | ||||
| from | to | from | to | from | to | ||||
| Age (continuous) | 1.04** | 1.03 | 1.05 | 1.04** | 1.03 | 1.05 | 1.04** | 1.03 | 1.05 |
| Household education | |||||||||
| Postsecondary graduation† | 1.0 | … | … | 1.0 | … | … | 1.0 | … | … |
| Some postsecondary | 1.1 | 0.8 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 0.9 | 2.0 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 1.4 |
| Secondary graduation | 1.3 | 1.0 | 1.7 | 1.2 | 0.8 | 1.8 | 1.5* | 1.0 | 2.2 |
| Less than secondary graduation | 1.2 | 0.9 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 1.6 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 1.7 |
| Ethno-cultural background | |||||||||
| White† | 1.0 | … | … | 1.0 | … | … | 1.0 | … | … |
| South/Southeast Asian or Aboriginal | 2.5** | 1.5 | 4.1 | 1.8 | 0.8 | 4.1 | 3.3** | 1.8 | 5.9 |
| Other | 1.3 | 0.8 | 2.2 | 1.5 | 0.8 | 2.7 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 2.5 |
| Body mass index | |||||||||
| Underweight/Acceptable (less than 25 kg/m2)† | 1.0 | … | … | 1.0 | … | … | 1.0 | … | … |
| Overweight/Obese (25 kg/m2or more) | 3.7** | 2.7 | 5.1 | 3.2** | 2.1 | 4.8 | 4.1** | 2.9 | 5.7 |
| Secondary behavioural risk factors | |||||||||
| 0† | 1.0 | … | … | 1.0 | … | … | 1.0 | … | … |
| 1 | 1.3* | 1.1 | 1.7 | 1.7** | 1.2 | 2.4 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 1.4 |
| 2 or 3 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 1.7 | 1.5* | 1.0 | 2.3 | 1.0 | 0.6 | 1.5 |
| † reference category * significantly different from estimate for reference category (p < 0.05) ** significantly different from estimate for reference category (p < 0.01) … not applicable Note: Because of rounding, some hazards ratios with 1.0 as the lower confidence limit are statistically significant. To maximize sample size, “missing” categories were included for several variables, but hazards ratios are not shown. A variable was included to control for varying lengths of time between observations, but hazards ratios are not shown. Source: 1994/1995 to 2008/2009 National Population Health Survey, longitudinal square file. |
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