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Table 2 Immigrants' representation in occupations with low educational requirements

	Recent immigrants		Established immigrants		Recent immigrants		Established immigrants
	Men				Women
	1991	2006	1991	2006	1991	2006	1991	2006
	%
Total	22	28	12	21	36	40	24	29
Age
25 to 34	24	27	13	17	37	38	24	23
35 to 44	20	27	12	21	36	39	24	29
45 to 54	21	32	13	22	36	45	23	33
Education
Bachelor's	26	32	15	24	41	44	27	32
Master's	17	22	6	15	25	32	14	20
Doctorate	2	8	1	4	9	8	3	7
Mother tongue
English	14	20	9	15	25	31	18	23
French	13	20	7	16	18	26	16	18
Other	25	29	15	22	42	42	28	31
Category of worker
Employee	23	28	13	21	38	41	25	30
Self-employed	14	25	9	21	15	23	9	15
Field of study
Non applied	28	35	18	27	41	44	28	33
Teaching and fine arts	29	32	17	23	38	37	25	26
Humanities and social sciences	26	37	19	30	42	46	29	35
Administration	29	33	16	23	44	46	30	35
Other¹	30	38	16	29	39	40	27	31
Applied	17	24	8	17	24	34	18	22
Engineering	16	25	7	18	24	34	8	19
Mathematics, applied sciences and technology	20	27	12	20	29	35	26	31
Computer science	11	16	8	11	13	31	11	15
Health	13	24	4	13	25	30	9	20
Region of origin
North America	7	10	8	11	12	17	15	14
Central America, South America and Caribbean	28	25	14	24	40	35	22	26
Northern and Western Europe	6	9	5	6	17	18	13	16
Southern and Eastern Europe	22	25	12	17	32	36	16	22
Africa	18	26	9	16	25	31	21	22
Southern Asia	37	38	24	35	62	56	45	43
Southeast Asia	41	42	21	37	55	52	29	47
Eastern Asia	16	24	10	14	31	34	24	23
Western Asia	26	20	14	19	37	32	23	29
Oceania and other	13	18	7	18	20	25	12	27
Visible minority
Yes	26	31	16	24	45	44	29	34
No	13	19	7	13	21	29	15	20
Metropolitan region
Montréal	19	28	10	21	34	33	19	26
Ottawa-Gatineau	17	19	6	12	33	26	15	23
Toronto	24	31	15	22	40	43	26	29
Calgary	20	21	9	17	40	38	27	33
Vancouver	25	29	15	24	39	42	26	33
Other	17	22	11	17	29	35	22	29
1. Includes agriculture and all other fields of study not classified elsewhere. Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Population.