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Table 1 Factors affecting transition from career employment to bridge employment or retirement: Estimates from discrete-time competing-risks model
Bridge employment | Retirement | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Coefficient | Standard error | Coefficient | Standard error | |
Age1 | 0.364* | 0.108 | 0.535* | 0.165 |
Age to the power of 21 | -0.111* | 0.030 | -0.076 | 0.052 |
Age to the power of 31 | -0.018 | 0.012 | -0.045* | 0.022 |
Age to the power of 41 | 0.006* | 0.001 | 0.004* | 0.002 |
Age to the power of 51 | 0.001* | 0.000 | 0.002* | 0.001 |
Women (ref. men) | 0.322 | 0.177 | 0.059 | 0.307 |
Spouse/partner (ref. spouse/partner working) | ||||
No spouse/partner | 0.010 | 0.229 | 0.308 | 0.398 |
Spouse/partner not working | 0.605* | 0.166 | 0.822* | 0.399 |
Health status (ref. very good) | ||||
Excellent | -0.276 | 0.199 | -0.756 | 0.404 |
Good | -0.178 | 0.188 | -0.224 | 0.318 |
Fair or poor | 0.099 | 0.265 | 0.235 | 0.380 |
Stress level (ref. somewhat stressful) | ||||
Very stressful | 0.185 | 0.208 | 0.696 | 0.438 |
Not very stressful | 0.528* | 0.165 | 0.593 | 0.378 |
Not at all/no opinion | 0.160 | 0.272 | 0.581 | 0.454 |
Education (ref. less than high school) | ||||
High school | 0.341 | 0.220 | 0.028 | 0.424 |
Postsecondary certificate | 0.270 | 0.196 | -0.281 | 0.373 |
University degree | 0.629* | 0.225 | 0.135 | 0.554 |
Unknown | -0.156 | 1.243 | 0.187 | 8.126 |
Years (≥ 6 months) worked full-time (ref. 21 to 35) | ||||
0 to 20 | -0.318 | 0.235 | -0.668 | 0.403 |
Over 35 | -0.038 | 0.195 | -0.399 | 0.419 |
Unknown | 0.048 | 0.219 | -0.929* | 0.432 |
Annual work hours t-1 (ref. 1,501 to 2,500) | ||||
1 to 500 | 0.516 | 0.454 | 1.942* | 0.540 |
501 to 1,500 | 0.733* | 0.186 | 0.592 | 0.418 |
Over 2,500 | 0.174 | 0.275 | -0.368 | 3.107 |
Hourly wage rate | 0.027* | 0.007 | 0.003 | 0.015 |
Income quintile (ref. third) | ||||
Lowest | 0.009 | 0.379 | 1.206* | 0.595 |
Second | 0.380 | 0.232 | 0.204 | 0.566 |
Fourth | 0.159 | 0.217 | 0.896 | 0.531 |
Highest | 0.341 | 0.219 | 0.708 | 0.586 |
Employer pension plan (ref. no) | 0.531* | 0.159 | 1.200* | 0.316 |
Urban area (ref. 500,000 and over) | ||||
0 to 29,999 | 0.613* | 0.233 | -0.164 | 0.458 |
30,000 to 99,999 | 0.305 | 0.272 | 0.421 | 0.664 |
100,000 to 499,999 | 0.291 | 0.203 | 0.344 | 0.433 |
Rural area | 0.661* | 0.202 | 0.592 | 0.387 |
Constant | -4.300* | 0.365 | -5.238* | 0.817 |
* significantly different from a reference group (ref.) or zero at the 0.05 level Note 1: Age (centered on the mean) and its powers (Age2 to Age5) are used to model a linear and various non-linear relationships between age and the conditional probability of entering bridge employment or retirement (see Data source and definitions). Initial sample size was 2,985. Standard errors were estimated by the bootstrap method. Source: Statistics Canada, Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics, panel 3, 1999 to 2004. |
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