Aviation
Air Fares, Canadian Air Carriers, Level I

Release date: August 28, 2019

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Highlights

Base air fares in Canada, domestic and international combined, averaged $231.10 in 2018, down 0.6% from 2017, re-establishing the downward trend seen in the previous three years. Base air fares do not include taxes and user fees. This decrease was mainly the result of year-over-year declines in the last three quarters, with the most notable drop occurring in the second quarter (-4.0%).
The average domestic fare fell 2.0% from the previous year to $164.90, while the average international fare decreased 1.3% to $295.10.
In 2018, 98.3% of passengers on domestic and international scheduled flights flew on discount fares, remaining at the 2017 level. The proportion of domestic passengers on discount fares was 97.7%, down 0.3 percentage points from 98.0% the previous year. On international flights, the share of passengers flying on discount fares increased 0.3 percentage points to 98.9%.
In terms of passenger-kilometres, the proportion of domestic discount travel posted a slight decrease from 2017 to 97.9%. The share of international discount travel increased 0.2 percentage points from the previous year to 99.2% in 2018.
In 2018, among the 10 selected Canadian cities where passengers boarded the plane (enplanement), all western cities posted declines in average domestic air fares, while two eastern cities—Montreal (+1.7%) and Ottawa (+1.0%)—recorded increases. Calgary (-5.3%) experienced the greatest decrease among all cities.
Toronto ($190.60) overtook Vancouver ($187.90) as the city with the highest average domestic air fare in 2018. Saskatoon ($147.20) continued to post the lowest average domestic air fare since 2014. Toronto, Vancouver and Winnipeg remained the only cities with average domestic air fares above the national average ($164.90).

Analysis

Average base air fares^Note

The airline industry continued to see increased demand for air travel in 2018 for the ninth consecutive year following the economic slowdown of 2009. During this period, base air fares in Canada for domestic and international travel combined (on a coupon origin-destination basis) averaged $231.10, down 0.6% from 2017, re-establishing the downward trend seen in the previous three years. The decrease in 2018 was mainly the result of year-over-year declines in the last three quarters, with the most notable drop occurring in the second quarter (-4.0%).

The average domestic base fare was $164.90 in 2018, a decrease of 2.0% from the previous year.

The average international base fare fell 1.3% to $295.10, mainly driven by a decline in the second quarter (-5.3%).

As shown in Chart 1, the average domestic air fare has steadily declined since 2014 (momentarily rebounding in 2017); however, for the third consecutive year, it remained below the average fare registered in 2009, the year of the economic slowdown. The aggressive and competitive nature of the airline industry continues to be a factor that may explain the situation. The substantial price competition from Canadian low-cost carriers translated into limited ability for the major airlines to increase base fares. Furthermore, the growth and competitiveness of Internet distribution channels continue to push air carriers to more aggressively price their products to cost-conscious travellers.

Chart 1 Average air fares - All fares, by sector, 2014 to 2018

Data table for Chart 1

Data table for Chart 1
Table summary
This table displays the results of Data table for Chart 1. The information is grouped by Years (appearing as row headers), Domestic, International and Total , calculated using dollars units of measure (appearing as column headers).
Years	Domestic	International	Total
Years	dollars
2014	184.90	315.50	243.70
2015	176.70	314.40	241.00
2016	167.50	291.90	227.90
2017	168.30	299.10	232.50
2018	164.90	295.10	231.10
Source: Statistics Canada, Fare Basis Survey.

In the international sector, the average air fare experienced a year-over-year decrease for the fourth time in five years. Despite the decrease from the previous year, international fares in 2018 remained slightly higher than the average fare registered in 2016, but well below the average international air fare recorded ten years ago. The continued increase and intense competition amongst Canadian and foreign carriers in international markets, and the expansion of low-cost flights in select leisure destinations in the United States, as well as in other international leisure markets where demand is highly elastic and responds positively to lower prices are among the factors that may have contributed to the decrease in the international fares. Increasing jet fuel prices, however, may partly explain why fares in this sector remained above the average fare seen in 2016.

Average domestic base air fares at the city level

In 2018, among the 10 selected Canadian cities where passengers boarded the plane (enplanement), all western cities recorded decreases in average domestic air fares, while two eastern cities—Montreal (+1.7%) and Ottawa (+1.0%)—posted increases. Toronto ($190.60) edged out Vancouver ($187.90) as the city with the highest average domestic air fare in 2018. Saskatoon ($147.20) continued to post the lowest average domestic air fare since 2014. Higher fares in Vancouver and Toronto can be partly explained by the fact that more long-haul flights—which are more expensive—leave from Vancouver International Airport and from Toronto’s Pearson International Airport

As shown in Chart 2 below, Toronto was the only selected eastern Canadian city of enplanement to register an average domestic air fare above the national level ($164.90) in 2018. During the same period, Vancouver and Winnipeg were the only selected western Canadian cities of enplanement to register an average fare above the national level.

Chart 2 Average air fares - All fares, by sector, 2014 to 2018

Data table for Chart 2

Data table for Chart 2
Table summary
This table displays the results of Data table for Chart 2 2017 and 2018, calculated using dollars units of measure (appearing as column headers).
	dollars
	2017	2018
Canada	168.30	164.90
Winnipeg	169.50	167.10
Vancouver	193.40	187.90
Toronto	193.20	190.60
Saskatoon	150.10	147.20
Regina	159.00	156.70
Ottawa	160.60	162.20
Montreal	160.90	163.60
Halifax	158.90	158.50
Edmonton	Note x: suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act	150.30
Calgary	162.90	154.30
x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act Source: Statistics Canada, Fare Basis Survey.

For historical annual data at the city level, please refer to Table 23-10-0238-01 (formerly: CANSIM 401-0004).

The air fare index is no longer included in this publication as of reference year 2012. However, this data series can be found in Table 18-10-0033-01 (formerly: CANSIM 329-0078).

Note to user

The estimates are derived from a sample of flight coupons collected as part of the Fare Basis Survey. The estimates relate to the operations of major Canadian air carriers. For 2018, the air carriers included are the Canadian Level I carriers (Air Canada (including Air Canada rouge), Jazz, Air Canada’s Canadian regional code-share partners, Air Transat and WestJet).

For purposes of statistical tabulations, fare codes reported by the air carriers are grouped by general fare type. These fare types are defined as follows:

First class: The transportation of a passenger or passengers for whom premium-quality services (e.g. larger seats, complimentary bar) are provided.
Business class: A fare level which is less expensive than first class and more expensive than the basic fare level. It includes different amenities (e.g. larger seats, advanced seat assignment).
Economy: A basic fare level which is less expensive than first class but does not include the amenities (e.g. larger seats, complimentary bar) of the first class fare.
Discount: A reduced fare usually subject to one or more travel restrictions, the price of which is usually calculated as a percentage reduction from the normal full fare. It includes various discount fares such as charter class, seat sales, advance purchase excursion and group.
Other: Represents industry and agency discount fares, military as well as unknown fare codes.

The average fare is obtained by dividing the carriers' revenue by the passenger volume, as measured by coupon origin and destination.

The average domestic air fares are the average for all coupons originating in that city, for all domestic destinations. The level of average fares can be affected by changes in travel patterns, as well as prices.

Average air fares are base fares and they do not include the goods and services tax, air transportation taxes or user fees such as airport fees or fuel surcharges.

Additional information on Fare Basis statistics can be obtained directly from the Aviation Statistics Centre. Tables are available in print form or in electronic format. For further information, please call (1-866-500-8400) or e-mail Client Services at STATCAN.TransportationStats-StatistiqueduTransport.STATCAN@canada.ca.

Table 1
Average fares, by sector and fare type group - Canadian air carriers, Level l^{Table 1 Note 1} - Scheduled services
Table summary
This table displays the results of Average fares Fare type group, Total, Business class, Economy, Discounted and Other, calculated using dollars units of measure (appearing as column headers).
	Total	Business class	Economy	Discounted	Other
	Fare type group
	dollars
Domestic
2014	184.90	2,736.60	271.80	182.90	147.20
2015	176.70	2,784.50	280.00^{Note E: Use with caution}	174.70	173.80
2016	167.50	2,901.20^{Note E: Use with caution}	282.20^{Note E: Use with caution}	166.00	156.30
2017	168.30	Note F: too unreliable to be published	297.70	166.40	154.00
2018^{Note P: preliminary}	164.90	Note F: too unreliable to be published	Note F: too unreliable to be published	163.10	148.30
Short-haul
2014	129.10	1,354.60^{Note E: Use with caution}	191.00	127.70	100.30
2015	118.50	Note F: too unreliable to be published	189.80^{Note E: Use with caution}	117.10	136.90
2016	111.00	Note F: too unreliable to be published	185.70^{Note E: Use with caution}	110.00	125.60
2017	114.20	Note F: too unreliable to be published	201.90	112.70	128.10
2018^{Note P: preliminary}	116.00	Note F: too unreliable to be published	Note F: too unreliable to be published	114.50	125.60
Long-haul
2014	235.20	2,866.90	364.00^{Note E: Use with caution}	232.40	188.10
2015	228.50	2,814.50	375.00^{Note E: Use with caution}	225.90	204.40
2016	217.70	2,905.20^{Note E: Use with caution}	376.30^{Note E: Use with caution}	215.60	186.00
2017	216.50	Note F: too unreliable to be published	398.90^{Note E: Use with caution}	214.10	178.50
2018 ^{Note P: preliminary}	209.80	Note F: too unreliable to be published	Note F: too unreliable to be published	207.70	165.50
International
2014	315.50	4,412.80^{Note E: Use with caution}	486.10^{Note E: Use with caution}	311.20	205.80
2015	314.40	4,798.80	Note F: too unreliable to be published	310.30	238.90
2016	291.90	5,483.30^{Note E: Use with caution}	500.00^{Note E: Use with caution}	289.00	113.20
2017	299.10	5,860.60^{Note E: Use with caution}	544.70	295.60	140.60
2018 ^{Note P: preliminary}	295.10	Note F: too unreliable to be published	552.80	291.20	195.50
Domestic and international
2014	243.70	3,978.60^{Note E: Use with caution}	361.60^{Note E: Use with caution}	240.70	176.00
2015	241.00	4,384.30	Note F: too unreliable to be published	238.20	188.90
2016	227.90	5,018.50^{Note E: Use with caution}	383.10^{Note E: Use with caution}	225.80	133.60
2017	232.50	5,418.30^{Note E: Use with caution}	399.30	230.10	148.80
2018 ^{Note P: preliminary}	231.10	Note F: too unreliable to be published	383.90^{Note E: Use with caution}	228.70	157.10
^P preliminary ^E use with caution F too unreliable to be published Note 1 From 2014 to 2018, the air carriers included are the Canadian Level I carriers, which are comprised of the Air Canada Family (Air Canada - including Air Canada rouge, Jazz and regional code-share partners), Air Transat and WestJet. Return to note 1 referrer Notes: Due to the confidentiality or the unreliability of data, the results for the fare type group "first class" cannot be disclosed. All estimates shown above (except those marked with the codes E and F) have a coefficient of variation of less than 10% and can be considered reliable from a sampling point of view. An E indicates a coefficient between 10% and 25%. The estimates with a coefficient of variation greater than 25% cannot be released and are shown with the code F. Estimates are subject to periodic revisions to reflect carrier updates and further refinement of the fare code assignment system. Source: Statistics Canada, Fare Basis Survey.

Table 2
Distribution of passengers, by sector and fare type group - Canadian air carriers, Level l^{Table 2 Note 1} - Scheduled services
Table summary
This table displays the results of Distribution of passengers Fare type group, Business class, Economy, Discounted and Other, calculated using percent units of measure (appearing as column headers).
	Business class	Economy	Discounted	Other
	Fare type group
	percent
Domestic
2014	0.0	2.2	97.1	0.7
2015	0.0	1.7^{Note E: Use with caution}	97.9	0.4
2016	0.0^{Note E: Use with caution}	1.2^{Note E: Use with caution}	98.3	0.5
2017	0.0^{Note E: Use with caution}	1.4	98.0	0.6
2018 ^{Note p: preliminary}	0.0	1.5	97.7	0.8
Short-haul
2014	0.0^{Note E: Use with caution}	2.4	96.9	0.7
2015	Note F: too unreliable to be published	1.9^{Note E: Use with caution}	97.7	0.4
2016	Note F: too unreliable to be published	1.3^{Note E: Use with caution}	98.2	0.5
2017	0.0^{Note E: Use with caution}	1.5	97.9	0.6
2018 ^{Note p: preliminary}	0.0^{Note E: Use with caution}	1.7	97.6	0.7
Long-haul
2014	0.0	1.9^{Note E: Use with caution}	97.4	0.7
2015	0.0	1.6^{Note E: Use with caution}	98.0	0.4
2016	0.0^{Note E: Use with caution}	1.2	98.3	0.5
2017	0.0^{Note E: Use with caution}	1.3	98.1	0.6
2018 ^{Note p: preliminary}	0.0	1.3	97.8	0.9
International
2014	0.0	1.9^{Note E: Use with caution}	97.2	0.8
2015	0.0	1.4^{Note E: Use with caution}	98.4	0.1
2016	0.0	1.1^{Note E: Use with caution}	98.3	0.6
2017	0.0	1.0	98.6	0.4
2018 ^{Note p: preliminary}	0.0	0.9	98.9	0.2
Domestic and international
2014	0.0	2.1^{Note E: Use with caution}	97.2	0.7
2015	0.0	1.6^{Note E: Use with caution}	98.1	0.3
2016	0.0	1.2^{Note E: Use with caution}	98.3	0.5
2017	0.0	1.2	98.3	0.5
2018 ^{Note p: preliminary}	0.0	1.2	98.3	0.5
^p preliminary ^E use with caution F too unreliable to be published Note 1 From 2014 to 2018, the air carriers included are the Canadian Level I carriers, which are comprised of the Air Canada Family (Air Canada - including Air Canada rouge, Jazz and regional code-share partners), Air Transat and WestJet. Return to note 1 referrer Notes: Due to the confidentiality or the unreliability of data, the results for the fare type group "first class" cannot be disclosed. All estimates shown above (except those marked with the codes E and F) have a coefficient of variation of less than 10% and can be considered reliable from a sampling point of view. An E indicates a coefficient between 10% and 25%. The estimates with a coefficient of variation greater than 25% cannot be released and are shown with the code F. Estimates are subject to periodic revisions to reflect carrier updates and further refinement of the fare code assignment system. Source: Statistics Canada, Fare Basis Survey.

Table 3
Distribution of passenger-kilometres, by sector and fare type group - Canadian air carriers, Level l^{Table 3 Note 1} - Scheduled services
Table summary
This table displays the results of Distribution of passenger-kilometres Fare type group, Business class, Economy, Discounted and Other, calculated using percent units of measure (appearing as column headers).
	Business class	Economy	Discounted	Other
	Fare type group
	percent
Domestic
2014	0.0	1.9	97.3	0.7
2015	0.0	1.6^{Note E: Use with caution}	98.0	0.4
2016	0.0^{Note E: Use with caution}	1.2	98.3	0.4
2017	0.0^{Note E: Use with caution}	1.3	98.1	0.6
2018 ^{Note p: preliminary}	0.0^{Note E: Use with caution}	1.3	97.9	0.8
Short-haul
2014	0.0^{Note E: Use with caution}	2.7	96.6	0.7
2015	Note F: too unreliable to be published	2.1^{Note E: Use with caution}	97.5	0.4
2016	Note F: too unreliable to be published	1.4^{Note E: Use with caution}	98.0	0.6
2017	0.0^{Note E: Use with caution}	1.7	97.6	0.7
2018 ^{Note p: preliminary}	0.0^{Note E: Use with caution}	1.8	97.3	0.9
Long-haul
2014	0.0	1.8^{Note E: Use with caution}	97.5	0.7
2015	0.0	1.5^{Note E: Use with caution}	98.1	0.4
2016	0.0^{Note E: Use with caution}	1.2	98.4	0.4
2017	0.0^{Note E: Use with caution}	1.2	98.2	0.5
2018 ^{Note p: preliminary}	0.0^{Note E: Use with caution}	1.2	98.0	0.8
International
2014	0.1	1.4^{Note E: Use with caution}	98.0	0.5
2015	0.1	1.0^{Note E: Use with caution}	98.8	0.1
2016	0.1	0.8^{Note E: Use with caution}	98.7	0.4
2017	0.1	0.7	99.0	0.3
2018 ^{Note p: preliminary}	0.1	0.6	99.2	0.1
Domestic and international
2014	0.1	1.6^{Note E: Use with caution}	97.8	0.6
2015	0.0	1.2^{Note E: Use with caution}	98.6	0.2
2016	0.0	0.9^{Note E: Use with caution}	98.6	0.4
2017	0.0	0.9	98.7	0.3
2018 ^{Note p: preliminary}	0.0	0.8	98.9	0.3
^p preliminary ^E use with caution F too unreliable to be published Note 1 From 2014 to 2018, the air carriers included are the Canadian Level I carriers, which are comprised of the Air Canada Family (Air Canada - including Air Canada rouge, Jazz and regional code-share partners), Air Transat and WestJet. Return to note 1 referrer Notes: Due to the confidentiality or the unreliability of data, the results for the fare type group "first class" cannot be disclosed. All estimates shown above (except those marked with the codes E and F) have a coefficient of variation of less than 10% and can be considered reliable from a sampling point of view. An E indicates a coefficient between 10% and 25%. The estimates with a coefficient of variation greater than 25% cannot be released and are shown with the code F. Estimates are subject to periodic revisions to reflect carrier updates and further refinement of the fare code assignment system. Source: Statistics Canada, Fare Basis Survey.

Table 4
Average domestic fares for selected cities of enplanement - Canadian air carriers, Level l^{Table 4 Note 1} - Scheduled services
Table summary
This table displays the results of Average domestic fares for selected cities of enplanement - Canadian air carriers 2017 and 2018, calculated using dollars units of measure (appearing as column headers).
	dollars
	2017	2018^{Note p: preliminary}
Calgary	162.90	154.30
Edmonton	Note x: suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act	150.30
Halifax	158.90	158.50
Montréal	160.90	163.60
Ottawa	160.60	162.20
Regina	159.00	156.70
Saskatoon	150.10	147.20
Toronto	193.20	190.60
Vancouver	193.40	187.90
Winnipeg	169.50	167.10
^p preliminary x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act Note 1 For 2017 and 2018, the air carriers included are the Canadian Level I carriers, which are comprised of the Air Canada Family (Air Canada - including Air Canada rouge, Jazz and regional code-share partners), Air Transat and WestJet. Return to note 1 referrer Notes: All estimates shown above have a coefficient of variation of less than 10% and can be considered reliable from a sampling point of view. Estimates are subject to periodic revisions to reflect carrier updates and further refinement of the fare code assignment system. Source: Statistics Canada, Fare Basis Survey.

Table 5
Average fares, by sector and fare type group - Canadian air carriers, Level l^{Table 5 Note 1} - Scheduled services (quarterly)
Table summary
This table displays the results of Average fares Fare type group, Total, Business class, Economy, Discounted and Other, calculated using dollars and percentage change from 2017 to 2018 units of measure (appearing as column headers).
	Total	Business class	Economy	Discounted	Other
	Fare type group
	dollars
Domestic
2017
First quarter	163.50	Note F: too unreliable to be published	267.20^{Note E: Use with caution}	161.70	158.50
Second quarter	167.70	2,810.50^{Note E: Use with caution}	312.50^{Note E: Use with caution}	165.60	157.80
Third quarter	171.40	Note F: too unreliable to be published	327.40	169.70	156.70
Fourth quarter	169.30	Note F: too unreliable to be published	286.90^{Note E: Use with caution}	167.40	144.80
2018^{Note p: preliminary}
First quarter	163.60	Note F: too unreliable to be published	265.60^{Note E: Use with caution}	161.70	155.10
Second quarter	161.20	Note F: too unreliable to be published	298.70	159.30	153.40
Third quarter	167.50	Note F: too unreliable to be published	Note F: too unreliable to be published	165.60	175.20^{Note E: Use with caution}
Fourth quarter	167.00	Note F: too unreliable to be published	Note F: too unreliable to be published	165.60	112.00^{Note E: Use with caution}
Short-haul
2017
First quarter	111.30	Note F: too unreliable to be published	183.90^{Note E: Use with caution}	109.90	129.60
Second quarter	115.00	2,193.60^{Note E: Use with caution}	211.70^{Note E: Use with caution}	113.40	126.90
Third quarter	112.10	Note F: too unreliable to be published	221.00	110.70	125.80
Fourth quarter	118.20	Note F: too unreliable to be published	196.50^{Note E: Use with caution}	116.70	130.00
2018^{Note p: preliminary}
First quarter	115.20	Note F: too unreliable to be published	189.40^{Note E: Use with caution}	113.60	137.20
Second quarter	114.40	Note F: too unreliable to be published	208.00	113.10	128.80
Third quarter	111.90	Note F: too unreliable to be published	Note F: too unreliable to be published	110.20	150.10^{Note E: Use with caution}
Fourth quarter	123.00	Note F: too unreliable to be published	Note F: too unreliable to be published	121.50	Note F: too unreliable to be published
Long-haul
2017
First quarter	219.40	Note F: too unreliable to be published	370.10^{Note E: Use with caution}	217.10	192.40
Second quarter	213.70	2,861.90^{Note E: Use with caution}	419.60^{Note E: Use with caution}	211.00	184.70
Third quarter	215.00	Note F: too unreliable to be published	414.40	212.90	180.70
Fourth quarter	219.50	Note F: too unreliable to be published	388.70^{Note E: Use with caution}	216.90	160.70
2018^{Note p: preliminary}
First quarter	214.40	Note F: too unreliable to be published	364.70^{Note E: Use with caution}	212.10	172.30
Second quarter	203.40	Note F: too unreliable to be published	391.20	201.10	171.10
Third quarter	209.70	Note F: too unreliable to be published	Note F: too unreliable to be published	207.50	192.60^{Note E: Use with caution}
Fourth quarter	213.10	Note F: too unreliable to be published	Note F: too unreliable to be published	211.60	Note F: too unreliable to be published
International
2017
First quarter	278.80	Note F: too unreliable to be published	539.80^{Note E: Use with caution}	273.60	131.60^{Note E: Use with caution}
Second quarter	298.90	5,655.40^{Note E: Use with caution}	533.30^{Note E: Use with caution}	295.60	146.80
Third quarter	326.40	Note F: too unreliable to be published	571.10	324.60	142.20
Fourth quarter	287.90	Note F: too unreliable to be published	550.70^{Note E: Use with caution}	283.90	144.60
2018^{Note p: preliminary}
First quarter	285.90	Note F: too unreliable to be published	572.80^{Note E: Use with caution}	280.30	182.90^{Note E: Use with caution}
Second quarter	283.00	Note F: too unreliable to be published	554.80^{Note E: Use with caution}	279.40	192.30
Third quarter	325.00	Note F: too unreliable to be published	575.10	322.60	209.00^{Note E: Use with caution}
Fourth quarter	281.60	Note F: too unreliable to be published	502.80^{Note E: Use with caution}	277.40	195.10^{Note E: Use with caution}
Domestic and international
2017
First quarter	224.40	Note F: too unreliable to be published	418.50^{Note E: Use with caution}	220.70	145.60^{Note E: Use with caution}
Second quarter	230.70	5,275.70^{Note E: Use with caution}	392.20^{Note E: Use with caution}	228.30	154.30
Third quarter	245.10	Note F: too unreliable to be published	389.30	243.70	151.60
Fourth quarter	227.10	Note F: too unreliable to be published	388.90^{Note E: Use with caution}	224.30	144.70
2018^{Note p: preliminary}
First quarter	231.30	Note F: too unreliable to be published	423.80^{Note E: Use with caution}	227.60	161.00^{Note E: Use with caution}
Second quarter	221.40	Note F: too unreliable to be published	390.90^{Note E: Use with caution}	219.00	159.40
Third quarter	244.50	Note F: too unreliable to be published	369.70	242.90	181.20^{Note E: Use with caution}
Fourth quarter	224.60	Note F: too unreliable to be published	341.80^{Note E: Use with caution}	222.30	128.70^{Note E: Use with caution}
	percentage change from 2017 to 2018
Domestic
First quarter	0.1	Note F: too unreliable to be published	-0.6	0.0	-2.1
Second quarter	-3.9	Note F: too unreliable to be published	-4.4	-3.8	-2.8
Third quarter	-2.3	Note F: too unreliable to be published	Note F: too unreliable to be published	-2.4	11.8
Fourth quarter	-1.4	Note F: too unreliable to be published	Note F: too unreliable to be published	-1.1	-22.7
Short-haul
First quarter	3.5	Note F: too unreliable to be published	3.0	3.4	5.9
Second quarter	-0.5	Note F: too unreliable to be published	-1.7	-0.3	1.5
Third quarter	-0.2	Note F: too unreliable to be published	Note F: too unreliable to be published	-0.5	19.3
Fourth quarter	4.1	Note F: too unreliable to be published	Note F: too unreliable to be published	4.1	Note F: too unreliable to be published
Long-haul
First quarter	-2.3	Note F: too unreliable to be published	-1.5	-2.3	-10.4
Second quarter	-4.8	Note F: too unreliable to be published	-6.8	-4.7	-7.4
Third quarter	-2.5	Note F: too unreliable to be published	Note F: too unreliable to be published	-2.5	6.6
Fourth quarter	-2.9	Note F: too unreliable to be published	Note F: too unreliable to be published	-2.4	Note F: too unreliable to be published
International
First quarter	2.5	Note F: too unreliable to be published	6.1	2.4	39.0
Second quarter	-5.3	Note F: too unreliable to be published	4.0	-5.5	31.0
Third quarter	-0.4	Note F: too unreliable to be published	0.7	-0.6	47.0
Fourth quarter	-2.2	Note F: too unreliable to be published	-8.7	-2.3	34.9
Domestic and international
First quarter	3.1	Note F: too unreliable to be published	1.3	3.1	10.6
Second quarter	-4.0	Note F: too unreliable to be published	-0.3	-4.1	3.3
Third quarter	-0.2	Note F: too unreliable to be published	-5.0	-0.3	19.5
Fourth quarter	-1.1	Note F: too unreliable to be published	-12.1	-0.9	-11.1
^p preliminary F too unreliable to be published ^E use with caution Note 1 For 2017 and 2018, the air carriers included are the Canadian Level I carriers, which are comprised of the Air Canada Family (Air Canada - including Air Canada rouge, Jazz and regional code-share partners), Air Transat and WestJet. Return to note 1 referrer Notes: Due to the confidentiality or the unreliability of data, the results for the fare type group "first class" cannot be disclosed. All estimates shown above (except those marked with the codes E and F) have a coefficient of variation of less than 10% and can be considered reliable from a sampling point of view. An E indicates a coefficient between 10% and 25%. The estimates with a coefficient of variation greater than 25% cannot be released and are shown with the code F. Estimates are subject to periodic revisions to reflect carrier updates and further refinement of the fare code assignment system. Source: Statistics Canada, Fare Basis Survey.

Table 6
Discount fare traffic, by sector - Canadian air carriers, Level l^{Table 6 Note 1} - Scheduled services (quarterly)
Table summary
This table displays the results of Discount fare traffic Passengers, Passenger-kilometres, 2017 and 2018, calculated using percent units of measure (appearing as column headers).
	2017	2018^{Note p: preliminary}	2017	2018^{Note p: preliminary}
	Passengers		Passenger-kilometres
	percent
Domestic
First quarter	97.8	97.5	98.0	97.7
Second quarter	98.1	98.1	98.2	98.1
Third quarter	98.3	98.0	98.4	98.1
Fourth quarter	97.7	97.1	97.8	97.4
Short-haul
First quarter	97.7	97.4	97.4	97.1
Second quarter	97.9	98.1	97.7	97.9
Third quarter	98.2	97.9	98.0	97.6
Fourth quarter	97.5	96.9	97.2	96.6
Long-haul
First quarter	98.0	97.6	98.1	97.9
Second quarter	98.2	98.1	98.3	98.2
Third quarter	98.4	98.0	98.4	98.1
Fourth quarter	97.8	97.3	97.9	97.6
International
First quarter	97.7	98.3	98.2	98.7
Second quarter	98.8	99.2	99.2	99.4
Third quarter	99.2	99.4	99.5	99.6
Fourth quarter	98.4	98.8	98.8	99.0
Domestic and international
First quarter	97.8	98.0	98.1	98.5
Second quarter	98.4	98.6	98.9	99.1
Third quarter	98.7	98.7	99.2	99.2
Fourth quarter	98.0	97.9	98.5	98.6
^p preliminary Note 1 For 2017 and 2018, the air carriers included are the Canadian Level I carriers, which are comprised of the Air Canada Family (Air Canada - including Air Canada rouge, Jazz and regional code-share partners), Air Transat and WestJet. Return to note 1 referrer Notes: All estimates shown above have a coefficient of variation of less than 10% and can be considered reliable from a sampling point of view. Estimates are subject to periodic revisions to reflect carrier updates and further refinement of the fare code assignment system. Source: Statistics Canada, Fare Basis Survey.

Table 7
Average domestic fares for selected cities of enplanement - Canadian air carriers, Level l^{Table 7 Note 1} - Scheduled services (quarterly)
Table summary
This table displays the results of Average domestic fares for selected cities of enplanement - Canadian air carriers Calgary, Edmonton, Halifax, Montréal, Ottawa, Regina, Saskatoon, Toronto, Vancouver and Winnipeg, calculated using dollars and percent change from 2017 to 2018 units of measure (appearing as column headers).
	dollars
	Calgary	Edmonton	Halifax	Montréal	Ottawa	Regina	Saskatoon	Toronto	Vancouver	Winnipeg
2017
First quarter	154.70	148.20	153.20	158.60	145.40	148.00	135.30	193.60	189.10	170.90
Second quarter	161.70	Note x: suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act	152.70	160.70	160.80	164.70	151.50	191.40	194.50	169.20
Third quarter	169.30	Note x: suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act	169.70	158.30	164.60	162.20	160.00	192.20	196.90	167.00
Fourth quarter	163.80	Note x: suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act	156.00	166.20	169.40	159.00	150.20	196.10	191.80	171.70
2018^{Note p: preliminary}
First quarter	152.00	143.80	153.70	164.30	159.00	142.00	135.50	195.90	188.30	167.50
Second quarter	149.00	143.70	147.40	167.00	161.40	153.60	144.10	189.30	181.20	159.50
Third quarter	159.30	Note x: suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act	170.80	159.40	161.30	159.80	152.40	188.10	193.00	164.40
Fourth quarter	155.80	158.80	157.70	164.40	166.90	170.00	155.60	190.70	188.20	178.60
	percent change from 2017 to 2018
First quarter	-1.7	-3.0	0.3	3.6	9.4	-4.1	0.1	1.2	-0.4	-2.0
Second quarter	-7.9	Note x: suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act	-3.5	3.9	0.4	-6.7	-4.9	-1.1	-6.8	-5.7
Third quarter	-5.9	Note x: suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act	0.6	0.7	-2.0	-1.5	-4.8	-2.1	-2.0	-1.6
Fourth quarter	-4.9	Note x: suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act	1.1	-1.1	-1.5	6.9	3.6	-2.8	-1.9	4.0
^p preliminary x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act Note 1 For 2017 and 2018, the air carriers included are the Canadian Level I carriers, which are comprised of the Air Canada Family (Air Canada - including Air Canada rouge, Jazz and regional code-share partners), Air Transat and WestJet. Return to note 1 referrer Notes: All estimates shown above have a coefficient of variation of less than 10% and can be considered reliable from a sampling point of view. Estimates are subject to periodic revisions to reflect carrier updates and further refinement of the fare code assignment system. Source: Statistics Canada, Fare Basis Survey.

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Aviation
Air Fares, Canadian Air Carriers, Level I

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Analysis

Average base air fares^Note

Average domestic base air fares at the city level

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Aviation Air Fares, Canadian Air Carriers, Level I

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Analysis

Average base air faresNote

Average domestic base air fares at the city level

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Aviation
Air Fares, Canadian Air Carriers, Level I

Average base air fares^Note