Aviation
Air Fares, Canadian Air Carriers, Level I, 2017

Release date: August 29, 2018

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Highlights

Base air fares in Canada, domestic and international combined, averaged $232.50 in 2017, up 2.0% from 2016, reversing the downward trend of the previous three years. Base air fares do not include taxes and user fees. This increase was a result of year-over-year advances in the last three quarters, with the most notable growth occurring in the second quarter (+ 6.3%).
The average domestic fare edged up 0.5% from the previous year to $168.30, while the average international fare rose 2.5% to $299.10. The growth in the international sector marked the first increase since 2013.
In 2017, 98.3% of passengers on domestic and international scheduled flights flew on discount fares, remaining at the 2016 level. The proportion of domestic passengers on discount fares was 98.0%, down 0.3 percentage points from 98.3% the previous year. On international flights, the share of passengers flying on discount fares increased 0.3 percentage points to 98.6%.
In terms of passenger-kilometres, the proportion of domestic discount travel posted a slight decrease from 2016 to 98.1%. The share of international discount travel increased 0.3 percentage points from the previous year to 99.0% in 2017.
In 2017, of the 10 selected cities where passengers boarded the plane (enplanement), Saskatoon (+4.0%), Ottawa (+3.7%) and Calgary (+2.6%) recorded the largest increases in average domestic air fares. Halifax (-1.1%) and Winnipeg (-0.8%) posted the largest declines.
Vancouver ($193.40) remained the city with the highest average domestic air fare, followed by Toronto ($193.20). For the fourth consecutive year, Saskatoon ($150.10) remained the city with the lowest average domestic air fare. Vancouver, Toronto and Winnipeg remained the only cities with average domestic air fares above the national average ($168.30).

Analysis

Average base air fares^{Note 1}

The airline industry continued to see increased demand for air travel in 2017 for the eighth consecutive year following the economic slowdown of 2009. During this period, base air fares in Canada for domestic and international travel combined (on a coupon origin-destination basis) averaged $232.50, up 2.0% from 2016, reversing the downward trend of the previous three years. This increase was a result of year-over-year advances in the last three quarters, with the most notable growth occurring in the second quarter (+6.3%).

The average domestic base fare edged up 0.5% from the previous year to $168.30, reversing the downward trend of the previous four years.

Following three consecutive years of annual declines, the average international base fare rose 2.5% to $299.10, mainly driven by growth in the second quarter (+8.5%).

As shown in Chart 1, the average domestic air fare has steadily declined since 2013 before increasing in 2017; however, it remained below the average fare registered in 2009, the year of the economic slowdown. Though the airline industry continues to be aggressive and competitive in nature, the economic growth in Canada in 2017 and higher jet fuel prices may have translated to higher fares.

Chart 1

Data table for Chart 1

Data table for Chart 1
Table summary
This table displays the results of Data table for Chart 1 Domestic, International and Total , calculated using dollar units of measure (appearing as column headers).
	dollar
	Domestic	International	Total
2013	190.80	322.60	249.00
2014	184.90	315.50	243.70
2015	176.70	314.40	241.00
2016	167.50	291.90	227.90
2017	168.30	299.10	232.50
Source: Statistics Canada, Fare Basis Survey.

In the international sector, the average air fare rose for the first time since 2013 and experienced the largest increase since 2008. Though there was a continued increase and intense competition amongst Canadian and foreign carriers in international markets, and the expansion of low-cost flights in select leisure destinations in the United States, as well as in other international leisure markets where demand is highly elastic and responds positively to lower prices, the growth in international traffic, the boost in the economy and the increase of jet fuel prices are amongst the factors that may have contributed to the growth in the international fares.

Average domestic base air fares at the city level

In 2017, of the 10 selected Canadian cities where passengers boarded the plane, Saskatoon (+4.0%), Ottawa (+3.7%) and Calgary (+2.6%) recorded the largest increases in average domestic air fares, while Halifax (-1.1%) and Winnipeg (-0.8%) posted the largest declines. Vancouver ($193.40) remained the city with the highest average domestic air fare, followed by Toronto ($193.20) and Winnipeg ($169.50). Saskatoon ($150.10) continued to post the lowest average domestic air fare since 2014. Higher fares in Vancouver and Toronto can be partly explained by the fact that more long-haul flights—which are more expensive—leave from Vancouver International Airport and from Toronto’s Pearson International Airport.

As shown in Chart 2 below, Toronto was the only selected eastern Canadian city of enplanement to register an average domestic air fare above the national level ($168.30) in 2017. During the same period, Vancouver and Winnipeg were the only selected western Canadian cities of enplanement to register an average fare above the national level.

Chart 2

Data table for Chart 2

Data table for Chart 2
Table summary
This table displays the results of Data table for Chart 2 2016 and 2017 (appearing as column headers).
	2016	2017
Canada	167.50	168.30
Winnipeg	170.90	169.50
Vancouver	192.30	193.40
Toronto	192.10	193.20
Saskatoon	144.30	150.10
Regina	157.60	159.00
Ottawa	154.90	160.60
Montreal	161.60	160.90
Halifax	160.60	158.90
Edmonton	158.10	Note x: suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act
Calgary	158.80	162.90
x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act Source: Statistics Canada, Fare Basis Survey.

For historical annual data at the city level, please refer to Table 23-10-0238-01 (formerly: CANSIM 401-0004).

The air fare index is no longer included in this publication as of reference year 2012. However, this data series can be found in Table 18-10-0033-01 (formerly: CANSIM 329-0078).

Note to user

The estimates are derived from a sample of flight coupons collected as part of the Fare Basis Survey. The estimates relate to the operations of major Canadian air carriers. For 2017, the air carriers included are the Canadian Level I carriers (Air Canada (including Air Canada rouge beginning in July 2013), Jazz, Air Canada’s Canadian regional code-share partners, Air Transat and WestJet).

For purposes of statistical tabulations, fare codes reported by the air carriers are grouped by general fare type. These fare types are defined as follows:

First class: The transportation of a passenger or passengers for whom premium-quality services (e.g. larger seats, complimentary bar) are provided.
Business class: A fare level which is less expensive than first class and more expensive than the basic fare level. It includes different amenities (e.g. larger seats, advanced seat assignment).
Economy: A basic fare level which is less expensive than first class but does not include the amenities (e.g. larger seats, complimentary bar) of the first class fare.
Discount: A reduced fare usually subject to one or more travel restrictions, the price of which is usually calculated as a percentage reduction from the normal full fare. It includes various discount fares such as charter class, seat sales, advance purchase excursion and group.
Other: Represents industry and agency discount fares, military as well as unknown fare codes.

The average fare is obtained by dividing the carriers' revenue by the passenger volume, as measured by coupon origin and destination.

The average domestic air fares are the average for all coupons originating in that city, for all domestic destinations. The level of average fares can be affected by changes in travel patterns, as well as prices.

Average air fares are base fares and they do not include the goods and services tax, air transportation taxes or user fees such as airport fees or fuel surcharges.

Additional information on Fare Basis statistics can be obtained directly from the Aviation Statistics Centre. Tables are available in print form or in electronic format. For further information, please call (1-866-500-8400) or e-mail Client Services at STATCAN.TransportationStats-StatistiqueduTransport.STATCAN@canada.ca.

End of text box

Table 1
Average fares, by sector and fare type group - Canadian air carriers, Level l^{Table 1 Note 1} - Scheduled services
Table summary
This table displays the results of Average fares Fare type group, Total, Business class, Economy, Discounted and Other, calculated using dollars units of measure (appearing as column headers).
	Total	Business class	Economy	Discounted	Other
	Fare type group
	dollars
Domestic
2013	190.80	2,546.50	277.70^{Note E: Use with caution}	189.00	135.30
2014	184.90	2,736.60	271.80	182.90	147.20
2015	176.70	2,784.50	280.00^{Note E: Use with caution}	174.70	173.80
2016	167.50	2,901.20^{Note E: Use with caution}	282.20^{Note E: Use with caution}	166.00	156.30
2017^{Note p: preliminary}	168.30	Note F: too unreliable to be published	297.70	166.40	154.00
Short-haul
2013	136.40	1,195.70^{Note E: Use with caution}	200.40^{Note E: Use with caution}	134.90	92.50
2014	129.10	1,354.60^{Note E: Use with caution}	191.00	127.70	100.30
2015	118.50	Note F: too unreliable to be published	189.80^{Note E: Use with caution}	117.10	136.90
2016	111.00	Note F: too unreliable to be published	185.70^{Note E: Use with caution}	110.00	125.60
2017^{Note p: preliminary}	114.20	Note F: too unreliable to be published	201.90	112.70	128.10
Long-haul
2013	238.50	2,632.30	373.30^{Note E: Use with caution}	236.00	169.10
2014	235.20	2,866.90	364.00^{Note E: Use with caution}	232.40	188.10
2015	228.50	2,814.50	375.00^{Note E: Use with caution}	225.90	204.40
2016	217.70	2,905.20^{Note E: Use with caution}	376.30^{Note E: Use with caution}	215.60	186.00
2017^{Note p: preliminary}	216.50	Note F: too unreliable to be published	398.90^{Note E: Use with caution}	214.10	178.50
International
2013	322.60	4,251.00	464.80^{Note E: Use with caution}	320.60	202.40
2014	315.50	4,412.80^{Note E: Use with caution}	486.10^{Note E: Use with caution}	311.20	205.80
2015	314.40	4,798.80	Note F: too unreliable to be published	310.30	238.90
2016	291.90	5,483.30^{Note E: Use with caution}	500.00^{Note E: Use with caution}	289.00	113.20
2017^{Note p: preliminary}	299.10	5,860.60^{Note E: Use with caution}	544.70	295.60	140.60
Domestic and international
2013	249.00	3,761.40	346.50^{Note E: Use with caution}	247.00	176.30
2014	243.70	3,978.60^{Note E: Use with caution}	361.60^{Note E: Use with caution}	240.70	176.00
2015	241.00	4,384.30	Note F: too unreliable to be published	238.20	188.90
2016	227.90	5,018.50^{Note E: Use with caution}	383.10^{Note E: Use with caution}	225.80	133.60
2017^{Note p: preliminary}	232.50	5,418.30^{Note E: Use with caution}	399.30	230.10	148.80
^E use with caution ^p preliminary F too unreliable to be published Note 1 From 2013 to 2017, the air carriers included are the Canadian Level I carriers, which are comprised of the Air Canada Family (Air Canada - including Air Canada rouge beginning July 2013, Jazz and regional code-share partners), Air Transat and WestJet. Return to note 1 referrer Notes: Due to the confidentiality or the unreliability of data, the results for the fare type group "first class" cannot be disclosed. All estimates shown above (except those marked with the codes E and F) have a coefficient of variation of less than 10% and can be considered reliable from a sampling point of view. An E indicates a coefficient between 10% and 25%. The estimates with a coefficient of variation greater than 25% cannot be released and are shown with the code F. Estimates are subject to periodic revisions to reflect carrier updates and further refinement of the fare code assignment system. Source: Statistics Canada, Fare Basis Survey.

Table 2
Distribution of passengers, by sector and fare type group - Canadian air carriers, Level l^{Table 2 Note 1} - Scheduled services
Table summary
This table displays the results of Distribution of passengers Fare type group, Business class, Economy, Discounted and Other, calculated using percent units of measure (appearing as column headers).
	Business class	Economy	Discounted	Other
	Fare type group
	percent
Domestic
2013	0	2.2^{Note E: Use with caution}	97.1	0.7
2014	0	2.2	97.1	0.7
2015	0	1.7^{Note E: Use with caution}	97.9	0.4
2016	0^{Note E: Use with caution}	1.2^{Note E: Use with caution}	98.3	0.5
2017^{Note p: preliminary}	0^{Note E: Use with caution}	1.4	98.0	0.6
Short-haul
2013	0^{Note E: Use with caution}	2.6^{Note E: Use with caution}	96.8	0.7
2014	0^{Note E: Use with caution}	2.4	96.9	0.7
2015	Note F: too unreliable to be published	1.9^{Note E: Use with caution}	97.7	0.4
2016	Note F: too unreliable to be published	1.3^{Note E: Use with caution}	98.2	0.5
2017^{Note p: preliminary}	0^{Note E: Use with caution}	1.5	97.9	0.6
Long-haul
2013	0	1.8^{Note E: Use with caution}	97.4	0.7
2014	0	1.9^{Note E: Use with caution}	97.4	0.7
2015	0	1.6^{Note E: Use with caution}	98.0	0.4
2016	0^{Note E: Use with caution}	1.2	98.3	0.5
2017^{Note p: preliminary}	0^{Note E: Use with caution}	1.3	98.1	0.6
International
2013	0	1.6^{Note E: Use with caution}	97.0	1.4
2014	0	1.9^{Note E: Use with caution}	97.2	0.8
2015	0	1.4^{Note E: Use with caution}	98.4	0.1
2016	0	1.1^{Note E: Use with caution}	98.3	0.6
2017^{Note p: preliminary}	0	1.0	98.6	0.4
Domestic and international
2013	0	1.9^{Note E: Use with caution}	97.1	1.0
2014	0	2.1^{Note E: Use with caution}	97.2	0.7
2015	0	1.6^{Note E: Use with caution}	98.1	0.3
2016	0	1.2^{Note E: Use with caution}	98.3	0.5
2017^{Note p: preliminary}	0	1.2	98.3	0.5
^p preliminary ^E use with caution F too unreliable to be published Note 1 From 2013 to 2017, the air carriers included are the Canadian Level I carriers, which are comprised of the Air Canada Family (Air Canada - including Air Canada rouge beginning July 2013, Jazz and regional code-share partners), Air Transat and WestJet. Return to note 1 referrer Notes: Due to the confidentiality or the unreliability of data, the results for the fare type group "first class" cannot be disclosed. All estimates shown above (except those marked with the codes E and F) have a coefficient of variation of less than 10% and can be considered reliable from a sampling point of view. An E indicates a coefficient between 10% and 25%. The estimates with a coefficient of variation greater than 25% cannot be released and are shown with the code F. Estimates are subject to periodic revisions to reflect carrier updates and further refinement of the fare code assignment system. Source: Statistics Canada, Fare Basis Survey.

Table 3
Distribution of passenger-kilometres, by sector and fare type group - Canadian air carriers, Level l^{Table 3 Note 1} - Scheduled services
Table summary
This table displays the results of Distribution of passenger-kilometres Fare type group, Business class, Economy, Discounted and Other, calculated using percent units of measure (appearing as column headers).
	Business class	Economy	Discounted	Other
	Fare type group
	percent
Domestic
2013	0	1.9^{Note E: Use with caution}	97.3	0.8
2014	0	1.9	97.3	0.7
2015	0	1.6^{Note E: Use with caution}	98.0	0.4
2016	0^{Note E: Use with caution}	1.2	98.3	0.4
2017^{Note p: preliminary}	0^{Note E: Use with caution}	1.3	98.1	0.6
Short-haul
2013	Note F: too unreliable to be published	2.8^{Note E: Use with caution}	96.5	0.7
2014	0^{Note E: Use with caution}	2.7	96.6	0.7
2015	Note F: too unreliable to be published	2.1^{Note E: Use with caution}	97.5	0.4
2016	Note F: too unreliable to be published	1.4^{Note E: Use with caution}	98.0	0.6
2017^{Note p: preliminary}	0^{Note E: Use with caution}	1.7	97.6	0.7
Long-haul
2013	0	1.7^{Note E: Use with caution}	97.5	0.8
2014	0	1.8^{Note E: Use with caution}	97.5	0.7
2015	0	1.5^{Note E: Use with caution}	98.1	0.4
2016	0^{Note E: Use with caution}	1.2	98.4	0.4
2017^{Note p: preliminary}	0^{Note E: Use with caution}	1.2	98.2	0.5
International
2013	0.1	1.2^{Note E: Use with caution}	97.8	1.0
2014	0.1	1.4^{Note E: Use with caution}	98.0	0.5
2015	0.1	1.0^{Note E: Use with caution}	98.8	0.1
2016	0.1	0.8^{Note E: Use with caution}	98.7	0.4
2017^{Note p: preliminary}	0.1	0.7	99.0	0.3
Domestic and international
2013	0	1.4^{Note E: Use with caution}	97.7	0.9
2014	0.1	1.6^{Note E: Use with caution}	97.8	0.6
2015	0	1.2^{Note E: Use with caution}	98.6	0.2
2016	0	0.9^{Note E: Use with caution}	98.6	0.4
2017^{Note p: preliminary}	0	0.9	98.7	0.3
^p preliminary ^E use with caution F too unreliable to be published Note 1 From 2013 to 2017, the air carriers included are the Canadian Level I carriers, which are comprised of the Air Canada Family (Air Canada - including Air Canada rouge beginning July 2013, Jazz and regional code-share partners), Air Transat and WestJet. Return to note 1 referrer Notes: Due to the confidentiality or the unreliability of data, the results for the fare type group "first class" cannot be disclosed. All estimates shown above (except those marked with the codes E and F) have a coefficient of variation of less than 10% and can be considered reliable from a sampling point of view. An E indicates a coefficient between 10% and 25%. The estimates with a coefficient of variation greater than 25% cannot be released and are shown with the code F. Estimates are subject to periodic revisions to reflect carrier updates and further refinement of the fare code assignment system. Source: Statistics Canada, Fare Basis Survey.

Table 4
Average domestic fares for selected cities of enplanement - Canadian air carriers, Level l^{Table 4 Note 1} - Scheduled services
Table summary
This table displays the results of Average domestic fares for selected cities of enplanement - Canadian air carriers 2016 and 2017, calculated using dollars units of measure (appearing as column headers).
	dollars
	2016	2017^{Note p: preliminary}
Calgary	158.80	162.90
Edmonton	158.10	Note x: suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act
Halifax	160.60	158.90
Montréal	161.60	160.90
Ottawa	154.90	160.60
Regina	157.60	159.00
Saskatoon	144.30	150.10
Toronto	192.10	193.20
Vancouver	192.30	193.40
Winnipeg	170.90	169.50
^p preliminary x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act Note 1 For 2016 and 2017, the air carriers included are the Canadian Level I carriers, which are comprised of the Air Canada Family (Air Canada - including Air Canada rouge beginning July 2013, Jazz and regional code-share partners), Air Transat and WestJet. Return to note 1 referrer Notes: All estimates shown above have a coefficient of variation of less than 10% and can be considered reliable from a sampling point of view. Estimates are subject to periodic revisions to reflect carrier updates and further refinement of the fare code assignment system. Source: Statistics Canada, Fare Basis Survey.

Table 5
Average fares, by sector and fare type group - Canadian air carriers, Level l^{Table 5 Note 1} - Scheduled services (quarterly)
Table summary
This table displays the results of Average fares Fare type group, Total, Business class, Economy, Discounted and Other, calculated using dollars and percentage change from 2016 to 2017 units of measure (appearing as column headers).
	Total	Business class	Economy	Discounted	Other
	Fare type group
	dollars
Domestic
2016
First quarter	166.60	2,834.30^{Note E: Use with caution}	Note F: too unreliable to be published	165.10	150.00
Second quarter	164.50	Note F: too unreliable to be published	300.70	163.00	139.50
Third quarter	173.60	2,900.10^{Note E: Use with caution}	308.30	172.10	175.60
Fourth quarter	163.90	2,832.90^{Note E: Use with caution}	262.30^{Note E: Use with caution}	162.00	156.90
2017^{Note p: preliminary}
First quarter	163.50	Note F: too unreliable to be published	267.20^{Note E: Use with caution}	161.70	158.50
Second quarter	167.70	2,810.50^{Note E: Use with caution}	312.50^{Note E: Use with caution}	165.60	157.80
Third quarter	171.40	Note F: too unreliable to be published	327.40	169.70	156.70
Fourth quarter	169.30	Note F: too unreliable to be published	286.90^{Note E: Use with caution}	167.40	144.80
Short-haul
2016
First quarter	112.20	Note F: too unreliable to be published	Note F: too unreliable to be published	111.60	117.40
Second quarter	110.10	Note F: too unreliable to be published	188.00^{Note E: Use with caution}	109.30	108.40
Third quarter	110.10	Note F: too unreliable to be published	208.20	108.80	152.70
Fourth quarter	111.80	Note F: too unreliable to be published	Note F: too unreliable to be published	110.30	121.30
2017^{Note p: preliminary}
First quarter	111.30	Note F: too unreliable to be published	183.90^{Note E: Use with caution}	109.90	129.60
Second quarter	115.00	2,193.60^{Note E: Use with caution}	211.70^{Note E: Use with caution}	113.40	126.90
Third quarter	112.10	Note F: too unreliable to be published	221.00	110.70	125.80
Fourth quarter	118.20	Note F: too unreliable to be published	196.50^{Note E: Use with caution}	116.70	130.00
Long-haul
2016
First quarter	223.20	2,834.30^{Note E: Use with caution}	Note F: too unreliable to be published	221.00	180.20
Second quarter	212.50	Note F: too unreliable to be published	394.70	210.40	168.50
Third quarter	220.30	2,925.00^{Note E: Use with caution}	392.90	218.60	194.80
Fourth quarter	214.80	2,832.90^{Note E: Use with caution}	358.10^{Note E: Use with caution}	212.40	200.30
2017^{Note p: preliminary}
First quarter	219.40	Note F: too unreliable to be published	370.10^{Note E: Use with caution}	217.10	192.40
Second quarter	213.70	2,861.90^{Note E: Use with caution}	419.60^{Note E: Use with caution}	211.00	184.70
Third quarter	215.00	Note F: too unreliable to be published	414.40	212.90	180.70
Fourth quarter	219.50	Note F: too unreliable to be published	388.70^{Note E: Use with caution}	216.90	160.70
International
2016
First quarter	279.90	5,120.40^{Note E: Use with caution}	Note F: too unreliable to be published	275.30	103.50
Second quarter	275.40	5,447.30^{Note E: Use with caution}	473.60^{Note E: Use with caution}	273.40	103.20
Third quarter	323.70	5,772.40^{Note E: Use with caution}	507.40	321.90	135.30
Fourth quarter	282.40	5,555.30^{Note E: Use with caution}	Note F: too unreliable to be published	278.80	114.80^{Note E: Use with caution}
2017^{Note p: preliminary}
First quarter	278.80	Note F: too unreliable to be published	539.80^{Note E: Use with caution}	273.60	131.60^{Note E: Use with caution}
Second quarter	298.90	5,655.40^{Note E: Use with caution}	533.30^{Note E: Use with caution}	295.60	146.80
Third quarter	326.40	Note F: too unreliable to be published	571.10	324.60	142.20
Fourth quarter	287.90	Note F: too unreliable to be published	550.70^{Note E: Use with caution}	283.90	144.60
Domestic and international
2016
First quarter	226.00	4,712.00^{Note E: Use with caution}	Note F: too unreliable to be published	222.80	123.60
Second quarter	217.10	4,916.50^{Note E: Use with caution}	373.30^{Note E: Use with caution}	215.40	120.60
Third quarter	244.20	5,460.70^{Note E: Use with caution}	369.70	242.80	157.90
Fourth quarter	220.70	4,942.10^{Note E: Use with caution}	Note F: too unreliable to be published	217.90	132.90^{Note E: Use with caution}
2017^{Note p: preliminary}
First quarter	224.40	Note F: too unreliable to be published	418.50^{Note E: Use with caution}	220.70	145.60^{Note E: Use with caution}
Second quarter	230.70	5,275.70^{Note E: Use with caution}	392.20^{Note E: Use with caution}	228.30	154.30
Third quarter	245.10	Note F: too unreliable to be published	389.30	243.70	151.60
Fourth quarter	227.10	Note F: too unreliable to be published	388.90^{Note E: Use with caution}	224.30	144.70
	percentage change from 2016 to 2017
Domestic
First quarter	-1.9	Note F: too unreliable to be published	Note F: too unreliable to be published	-2.1	5.7
Second quarter	1.9	Note F: too unreliable to be published	3.9	1.6	13.1
Third quarter	-1.3	Note F: too unreliable to be published	6.2	-1.4	-10.8
Fourth quarter	3.3	Note F: too unreliable to be published	9.4	3.3	-7.7
Short-haul
First quarter	-0.8	Note F: too unreliable to be published	Note F: too unreliable to be published	-1.5	10.4
Second quarter	4.5	Note F: too unreliable to be published	12.6	3.8	17.1
Third quarter	1.8	Note F: too unreliable to be published	6.1	1.7	-17.6
Fourth quarter	5.7	Note F: too unreliable to be published	Note F: too unreliable to be published	5.8	7.2
Long-haul
First quarter	-1.7	Note F: too unreliable to be published	Note F: too unreliable to be published	-1.8	6.8
Second quarter	0.6	Note F: too unreliable to be published	6.3	0.3	9.6
Third quarter	-2.4	Note F: too unreliable to be published	5.5	-2.6	-7.2
Fourth quarter	2.2	Note F: too unreliable to be published	8.5	2.1	-19.8
International
First quarter	-0.4	Note F: too unreliable to be published	Note F: too unreliable to be published	-0.6	27.1
Second quarter	8.5	3.8	12.6	8.1	42.2
Third quarter	0.8	Note F: too unreliable to be published	12.6	0.8	5.1
Fourth quarter	1.9	Note F: too unreliable to be published	Note F: too unreliable to be published	1.8	26.0
Domestic and international
First quarter	-0.7	Note F: too unreliable to be published	Note F: too unreliable to be published	-0.9	17.8
Second quarter	6.3	7.3	5.1	6.0	27.9
Third quarter	0.4	Note F: too unreliable to be published	5.3	0.4	-4.0
Fourth quarter	2.9	Note F: too unreliable to be published	Note F: too unreliable to be published	2.9	8.9
^p preliminary F too unreliable to be published ^E use with caution Note 1 For 2016 and 2017, the air carriers included are the Canadian Level I carriers, which are comprised of the Air Canada Family (Air Canada - including Air Canada rouge beginning July 2013, Jazz and regional code-share partners), Air Transat and WestJet. Return to note 1 referrer Notes: Due to the confidentiality or the unreliability of data, the results for the fare type group "first class" cannot be disclosed. All estimates shown above (except those marked with the codes E and F) have a coefficient of variation of less than 10% and can be considered reliable from a sampling point of view. An E indicates a coefficient between 10% and 25%. The estimates with a coefficient of variation greater than 25% cannot be released and are shown with the code F. Estimates are subject to periodic revisions to reflect carrier updates and further refinement of the fare code assignment system. Source: Statistics Canada, Fare Basis Survey.

Table 6
Discount fare traffic, by sector - Canadian air carriers, Level l^{Table 6 Note 1} - Scheduled services (quarterly)
Table summary
This table displays the results of Discount fare traffic Passengers, Passenger-kilometres, 2016 and 2017, calculated using percent units of measure (appearing as column headers).
	2016	2017^{Note p: preliminary}	2016	2017^{Note p: preliminary}
	Passengers		Passenger-kilometres
	percent
Domestic
First quarter	98.1	97.8	98.1	98.0
Second quarter	98.5	98.1	98.5	98.2
Third quarter	98.5	98.3	98.6	98.4
Fourth quarter	97.9	97.7	98.1	97.8
Short-haul
First quarter	98.3	97.7	98.1	97.4
Second quarter	98.5	97.9	98.4	97.7
Third quarter	98.4	98.2	98.2	98.0
Fourth quarter	97.6	97.5	97.3	97.2
Long-haul
First quarter	98.0	98.0	98.1	98.1
Second quarter	98.5	98.2	98.5	98.3
Third quarter	98.6	98.4	98.6	98.4
Fourth quarter	98.1	97.8	98.2	97.9
International
First quarter	97.7	97.7	98.1	98.2
Second quarter	98.6	98.8	99.0	99.2
Third quarter	99.1	99.2	99.4	99.5
Fourth quarter	97.6	98.4	98.2	98.8
Domestic and international
First quarter	97.9	97.8	98.1	98.1
Second quarter	98.5	98.4	98.8	98.9
Third quarter	98.8	98.7	99.2	99.2
Fourth quarter	97.8	98.0	98.2	98.5
^p preliminary Note 1 For 2016 and 2017, the air carriers included are the Canadian Level I carriers, which are comprised of the Air Canada Family (Air Canada - including Air Canada rouge beginning July 2013, Jazz and regional code-share partners), Air Transat and WestJet. Return to note 1 referrer Notes: All estimates shown above have a coefficient of variation of less than 10% and can be considered reliable from a sampling point of view. Estimates are subject to periodic revisions to reflect carrier updates and further refinement of the fare code assignment system. Source: Statistics Canada, Fare Basis Survey.

Table 7
Average domestic fares for selected cities of enplanement - Canadian air carriers, Level l^{Table 7 Note 1} - Scheduled services (quarterly)
Table summary
This table displays the results of Average domestic fares for selected cities of enplanement - Canadian air carriers Calgary, Edmonton, Halifax, Montréal, Ottawa, Regina, Saskatoon, Toronto, Vancouver and Winnipeg, calculated using dollars and percent change from 2016 to 2017 units of measure (appearing as column headers).
	dollars
	Calgary	Edmonton	Halifax	Montréal	Ottawa	Regina	Saskatoon	Toronto	Vancouver	Winnipeg
2016
First quarter	154.40	154.80	162.40	163.60	156.80	148.60	137.20	195.40	191.20	173.50
Second quarter	150.60	154.40	153.80	163.60	156.20	152.10	139.00	190.30	189.20	167.40
Third quarter	170.50	Note x: suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act	171.60	159.70	156.10	165.40	151.70	192.90	202.50	165.80
Fourth quarter	156.60	Note x: suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act	151.90	159.20	150.50	162.10	147.50	189.80	183.50	178.20
2017^{Note p: preliminary}
First quarter	154.70	148.20	153.20	158.60	145.40	148.00	135.30	193.60	189.10	170.90
Second quarter	161.70	Note x: suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act	152.70	160.70	160.80	164.70	151.50	191.40	194.50	169.20
Third quarter	169.30	Note x: suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act	169.70	158.30	164.60	162.20	160.00	192.20	196.90	167.00
Fourth quarter	163.80	Note x: suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act	156.00	166.20	169.40	159.00	150.20	196.10	191.80	171.70
	percent change from 2016 to 2017
First quarter	0.2	-4.3	-5.7	-3.1	-7.3	-0.4	-1.4	-0.9	-1.1	-1.5
Second quarter	7.4	Note x: suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act	-0.7	-1.8	2.9	8.3	9.0	0.6	2.8	1.1
Third quarter	-0.7	Note x: suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act	-1.1	-0.9	5.4	-1.9	5.5	-0.4	-2.8	0.7
Fourth quarter	4.6	Note x: suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act	2.7	4.4	12.6	-1.9	1.8	3.3	4.5	-3.6
^p preliminary x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act Note 1 For 2016 and 2017, the air carriers included are the Canadian Level I carriers, which are comprised of the Air Canada Family (Air Canada - including Air Canada rouge beginning July 2013, Jazz and regional code-share partners), Air Transat and WestJet. Return to note 1 referrer Notes: All estimates shown above have a coefficient of variation of less than 10% and can be considered reliable from a sampling point of view. Estimates are subject to periodic revisions to reflect carrier updates and further refinement of the fare code assignment system. Source: Statistics Canada, Fare Basis Survey.

Date modified:: 2018-08-29

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Aviation
Air Fares, Canadian Air Carriers, Level I, 2017

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Average base air fares^{Note 1}

Average domestic base air fares at the city level

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Aviation Air Fares, Canadian Air Carriers, Level I, 2017

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Average domestic base air fares at the city level

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Aviation
Air Fares, Canadian Air Carriers, Level I, 2017

Average base air fares^{Note 1}